初一名词单复数-所有格.doc

初一上知识点复习（三）名词的单复数，可数与不可数名词，名词的所有格，冠词知识点1. 名词的单复数名词：表示人或事物的名称或抽象概念的词。 可数名词与不可数名词. 单数可数名词 前面可加a,an来修饰： a bag一个包 可数名词：可以计数的名词 名词 复数可数名词 不可数名词：不可计数的名词 没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词. 但可以跟某些量词短语搭配,表示数量,如: a glass of water, two cups of tea.A.可数名词1. 单数可数名词，表示“一”的概念，指单个的可数物体。要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。（an多用于以a ,e, i, o,开头的单词） eg：a book/ tree an apple/ egg2.复数名词：指两个或以上的可数物体。名词复数的规则变化。 在一般情况下，词尾后加-s。 books，cups，beds，boys，horses . 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词，词尾加-es，读|iz| buses，boxes，dishes碟子，watches 以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v，再加-es，读|vz| halfhalves，knifeknives小刀 wife wives 以辅音字母加o结尾的词，词尾加-es。 tomatoes，potatoes注意：A.如果是元音字母加o结尾的名词只加s： zoos，radios，vedios B.有特殊的以辅音字母加o结尾的也加s : photo-photos; piano-pianos 钢琴 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es。 cities，families，babies3 名词复数的不规则变化。manmen，toothteeth牙齿，childchildren，sheepsheep绵羊，deer-deer小鹿 foot-feet脚 Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese4 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes，trousers裤子，glasses，socks , shorts , pants , shoes 通常是以复数的形式出现。 *另外，当我要表达一双袜子，一条裤子等时，要说成 a pair of socks a pair of shorts 5.一些代词和其他词复数的不规则变化。 I - we you you he, she, it - they me-us him/her/it-them this - these that those my our her, his, its their am/ is are a/ an some6. 句子单数变复数，注意以下六要素：主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词，即Iwe，youyou，she，he，it they。如：She is a girl. They are girls. am，is要变为are。如：Im a student. We are students.不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. They are boys.普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple. They are apples.指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：This ia a box. These are boxes.man，woman名词作定语修饰可数名词时，要在“数”上与被修饰名词保持一致。但其他名词修饰名词表示“性质”时，不作变化。She is a woman doctor. Theey are women doctors.That is a pencil case. Those are pencil cases.B.不可数名词 1. 没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词.但可以跟某些量词短语搭配,表示数量,如: a glass of water一杯水 （不能说a water） a cup of tea.一杯茶 a piece of paper一张纸 a piece of bread一片面包 A bottle of milk一瓶牛奶 2. 不可数名词跟量词搭配时，变复数只变量词： two glasses of water many cups of tea twenty pieces of paper注：可数名词也可以和量词搭配,of后的可数名词要用复数形式： a box of apples一箱苹果 a pair of shoes一双鞋 当量词的数量超过一时，也变复数： Six boxes of apples 8 pairs of shoes专项练习一 一.用所给单词的适当形式填空： 1.Its not _ alarm clock. (a) 2. Let _ play tennis. (I) 3. Where _ Toms parents?(be) 4. Many _.(sheep) 5. I see your _. They are fine.(grandparent) 6. Your _ are my pen _.(朋友) 7. His _ are very cute.(女儿) 8. The two _ are good. (家庭) 9. _ answers are right.(they) 10. Her sister and his brother arent my _ (表兄妹) 11. I have two_ (knife) 12. There are many _ here. (box) 13. There are many _ on the road. (bus)14. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 15. The _ are playing football now. (child)二、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep 三、选择填空1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans4. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of breads6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers11. In Britain _ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box四单数句变复数句，复数句变单数句1It is a bus._2This is my sister._3He is his friend ._4That is her dictionary._5Those are boxes._6They are teachers._7These are desks ._8We are boys. _9.I have a tooth, foot and hand._知识点2. 冠词与名词的搭配冠词是放在名词前的一个虚词，本身无独立意义。冠词分为不定冠词（a，an）和定冠词（the）。1. 巧学a和an： a和an均为不定冠词，用于单数可数名词前，表示数量为“一(个、块、只)”(1) a用于辅音音标(而不是辅音字母)开头的单数可数名词前，an用于元音音标(而不是元音字母)开头的单数可数名词前。 a pen; an orange; an umbrella一把伞; an English teacher an hour一个小时; a useful pen一只有用的钢笔 (2)如单数可数名词前有this、that、my等代词修饰时，则不再使用a或an。 1. This isbag Amy Bmy a Ca my2. This isntJapanese mapThat isEnglish map Aa；a Ban；an Ca；an在某些固定词组中，需要不定冠词，如：a lot of，a bit，take a walk，have a rest等。2.定冠词the的用法：与指示代词this，that相同，有“那(这)个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。(1) 特指双方都明白的人或物look at the blackboard看黑板 (2) 上文提到过的人或事，第一次出现用a/an,第二次出现用the: 如：There is a pen on the floor. The pen is red.(3) 用在序数词的前面。如：May is the fifth month of a year.五月是一年的第五个月。(4) 用在一些习惯用语中。如：in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早晨/下午/晚上(5)用在乐器之前。如：play the piano 弹钢琴3. 不用冠词的场合(1)名词前有this，that，my，some，no，each，every等作修饰词时。如：His table is useful.他的桌子很有用。(2)表示星期、月份、季节、节日的名词前。如：I watch TV on Sundays.我在周日看电视。(3)在三餐名词前。如：My father play baseball after supper.我爸爸晚饭后读报纸。(4)在球类运动前。如：Do you like playing basketball?你喜欢打篮球吗？(5)惯用语。如：at night，in bed，at school，go to school去上学 go to bed 去睡觉等。 专项练习二1. There is _ art room in the building. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. What color is _ orange?- Its _ orange. A. an, the B. /, an C. an, / D. /, the3. Do you know _ old lady in blue? Yes. Shes a teacher of _ university in Beijing. A. an, an B. the, a C. the, an D. an, a4. Last week Lilys father bought her _ Mp4 player as _ birthday present. A. a, a B. a, an C. an, a D. an, an5. The girl often plays _ piano for _ old. A. the, / B. /, the C. the, the D. /, /6. There is_ “u” and _ “s” in the word “rulers”. A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. an, an7. This is_ Japanese book. Its not _English book. A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a8. I have _ very interesting book. It is about_ exciting game. A. an, the B. the, a C. a, an D. a, a9Is that your _ ?Aa picture Bpicture Cpictures Dnice pictures10Are _ Kates _?Athis, book Bthat，book Cthese，books Dthose，book11 What can I do for you, sir? - Id like two _. A. bottle of orange B. bottle of oranges c.bottles of oranges D.bottles of orange 12.Many _ are talking under the tree. And their _ are swimming in the lake. A. woman, children B. woman, child C. women, children D. women, child13. The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths二完型填空 1 name is Chen Gang. Im 2 Chinese boy. I 3 twelve. I 4 English. Im in 5 . Im in Class Seven, Grade One. My 6 name is Miss Gao. She is a good teacher. 7 school I have a friend. 8 name is Ma Qiang.This is a photo of my 9 .That man is my father. 10 is thirty-nine. The woman is my mother , she is thirty-seven. The girl is my sister .She is ten. That boy is me.( )1.A. I B. My C. Me D. His ( )2.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )3.A. is B. am C. are D. / ( )4.A. like B. likes C. look like D. look for( )5.A. No. 1 middle school B. No.1 Middle school C. No.1 middle School D.No.1Middle School( )6.A. teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. teacher( )7.A. at B. in C. At D. In ( )8.A. He B. His C. Her D. she( )9.A. home B. school C. family D. bedroom ( )10.A. he B. He C. Its D. It三、下列句子均有一处错误，请在错处下划横线，并把正确答案写在题后的横线上（保持句子意思不变）。1. There are four peoples in my family._ 2. Are those your friend?_ 3. That is his father friend._ 4. This isnt her bag. Its I bag._5. These are apple._ 6. Are they your grandparent?_7. -Dad, he is my friends, Tom. _ 8. Excuse me, is that yours watch?_9. Mr Green is Jim father._ 10. There is a bottle of the water on the desk._知识点3. 名词的所有格名词所有格形式：表示有生命的名词与后面名词的所有关系。分为：(1)名词s所有格见下表：名词s所有格单数名词后直接加 s Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈以s结尾的复数名词，只加 TeachersDay教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加 s Womens Day妇女节 Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加s表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加s Lucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈（一个妈妈） Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，不是同一个）of所有格：动物和无生命的名词所有格一般使用介词of短语来表示。如：the name of her cat她的猫的名字 a picture of our school 一张我们学校的照片有时有生命的东西也可用of所有格，可与名词s所有格替换。如：the name of the boy=the boys name这个男孩的名字专项练习三1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书)3. _(我的姐姐和弟弟的卧室) are very nice.4. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老师).7. _(教师节) is on September 10th .8. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new.11. Please open _(教室的门).12. _(赵敏的鞋) are white.14. _(John和Sally的母亲) are American.15. _(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.16. _(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.17. Its _(妇女节) on March 8th.18. Are these _(男生们的书包) ?20. _(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.21._ shirt is white. A. My brother B. My brothers C. My brothers D. My brothers22. Today is September 10th. It is _ Day. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers23. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. A. Teacher B. TeachersC. Teachers D. Teacher 24. Its June 1st, its _ Day. A. Childrens B. ChildrensC. Childrens D. Childrenss 25. This year, _ is on May 9th. A.My mothers birthdayB. My mothers brithdayC. My mothers birthdayD. My motherss birthday 26. This is _ . A. Mike and Jims bikeB. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bike D.Mike and Jim bike 巩固练习一按要求写出相应的词1this（反义词）_ 2these（反义词）_3it（复数形式）_ 4that（复数形式）_5photo（复数形式）_6picture（复数形式）_7cousin（复数形式）_ 8friend（复数形式）_9son（对应词）_ 10sister（对应词）_二、将下面的词变成复数1.this friend _2. brother _3.grandparent _4.this is _5.that key _ 6. . this boy _ 7. that girl _8 . sister_三.选择填空1. My_ is a teacher. A. parents B. grandparents C. parent D. fathers2. This is my good _. A. friends B. friend C. sisters D. brothers3. My _ are all teachers. A. friend B. sister C. grandparents D. mother 4. The red T- shirt is eight _ . A. dollar B. pound C. dollars D. cent5. - Where _ your new pants? - _ on the bed. A. is, Its B. are, Theyre C. is, Theyre D. are, Its6. These shirts _ only 5 dollars. Do you want _? A. are, it B. is, them C. are, them D. is, it 7.How much _ these carrots? A. are B. is C. do D. does8.Three_ are eating grassA sheep B sheeps 9Water_ a kind of matterA is B are10Her clothes_ nearly worn outAis B.are 11There_no water in the glassA.are B.is12.I want to buy买_. A. kilo （公斤）of meat B. a kilo of meats C. two kilos of meats D. two kilos of meat13.There is lots of _ in the cup. . A. milks B. waters C .meats D.orange四按要求改写句子，每空一词：1.That is her sister.(变为复数句)_ _her_.2.These are my friends.(变为单数句)_ _my_.3指出并改正句中的一处错误。How much is the socks? _ How much are that pants? _ These shoes are twenty-three dollar. _五、用括号内词的适当形式填空：1There are two_ over there（watch） 2I like taking _（photo）3l can see a _and two _ standing there（man，woman）4There are two baskets of_ on the floor（apple） 6Look at those_（child）7This is a_ Those are three_（knife）8He doesnt like these_（glass） 9Thirty _live in this building（family）六、翻译1 每天早上他吃鸡蛋、面包和蔬菜。2.一个鸡蛋和两杯牛奶 3.一条短裤 4. 36双鞋子 5. 8个班6. 我的爸爸是一个老师，Lucy的妈妈是我爸爸的朋友。7. 杯子里有许多牛奶。5