外研版必修三module5重点知识与练习.doc

Ⅰ.单词荟萃
1．equal v. 等于adj. 相等的， 平等的→ _______ adv. 同样地， 相等地→ ________ n．平等， 同等
2. __________ n．重要， 重要性 → important adj. 重要的
3．stress n. 压力v.重读， 强调 → ________ adj. 紧张的 → ________ adv.感到压力的
4. ________ v. 辞职→ resignation n. 辞职； 辞呈
5. ________ adj. 有影响的 → influence n．&v. 影响

6. _______ n．诚实→ honest adj.诚实的 → ________ adv. 诚实地
7. _______ n. 正义， 公正→ just adv.正好；刚才 adj.正义的
8. ___________ n．贡献， 捐助→contribute v. 捐赠， 作出贡献
9．invent vt.发明；虚构， 编造→ __________ n. 发明→ ________ n. 发明家
10. __________ n. 争论， 辩论→ argue v. 辩论；主张
Ⅱ.短语检测

1．相信；信任
2．养育； 提出
3．采纳建议
4．在一些方面
5．责任感
6．对……感到自豪
7．总之
8．生平第一次
9．如果是这样的话
10．起初， 一开始
believe in
bring up
follow/take one’s advice
in some ways
a sense of responsibility
be proud of
in conclusion
for the first time ever
if so
at first

Ⅲ.佳句再现
1．But it was also __________ there were many great philosophers. 但是这也是一个有很多伟大的哲学家的时代。
2．Mencius was a thinker ______ teachings were very _____________ of Confucius.
孟子是一位思想家，他的学说与孔子的相似。
3．For many years he traveled _________________________ the principles of Confucius.
很多年他游走于各个国家传授孔子的理念。
4．Mencius believed that ______________ man is different from animals ______ man is good.
孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人是善良的。
5．Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century, and were ____________ a horse.
汽车首次在19世纪末开始使用， 跑得和马一样慢。
Ⅳ.词汇学习
1　equal　adj.相等的；同样的 n. 相等的人或物 vt. 等于；比得上
(1) equally adv. 　同样地；相等地 equality n. 相等；平等；同等
(2) be equal to 和……相等；能胜任
of equal size/length/importance大小/长度相同/同样重要
【活学活用】
(1)The rent was _______ half his monthly income. 租金相当于他的月收入的一半。
(2)Diet and exercise are _____________________________饮食和锻炼同样重要。

2　order n. 秩序；顺序；订购；订单；(点的)饭菜；命令vt. 命令；订购；点菜/饮料等
(1) disorder n. 混乱， 紊乱， 无秩序
(2) in order 有秩序；有条理 out of order 紊乱；出故障
in order to do/in order that 以便；为了
place an order for 订购
take one’s order 记下某人的订单 keep order 维持秩序
(3) order sb. to do命令/吩咐某人做某事
order that… 命令……(从句用should＋动词原形， should可以省略)
【活学活用】
1. 根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)The phone is ___________. 电话坏了。
(2)We ______________ yet. 我们还没点菜。
(3)He lit a cigarette _________________ calm his mind.
他点燃一支香烟， 稳定一下情绪。
2. 单项填空
—Shall I take your ________ , sir?
—Well, we need to look at the menu for a while.
　 A．service B．food C．order D．request
【解析】 C　根据第二个人说“需要看一会菜单”可知第一句话是服务员询问顾客是否点菜。take one’s order是指“记下某人的订单”，即“点菜”。

3　stress　n. 压力；强调；重音vt. 强调；重读
(1)stressful adj.　压力重的；紧张的 stressed adj. 焦虑不安的； 紧张的
(2)lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调
be under stress 在压力下 relieve/reduce stress 减少压力
suffer from stress 遭受压力
(3)be stressed out 焦虑不安的
stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
【活学活用】
(1) Robert looks so ________ (焦虑不安的) since he started this new job.
(2) Jane’s been ________________ since her mother’s illness.
简自从妈妈生病以来一直压力很大。

4　invent　vt. 发明；创造；编造；想出
invention n. 　 发明；创造 inventor n. 发明者；创造者
【易混辨析】
invent, discover, find和find out
(1) invent 指发明出原来不存在的东西。
(2) discover 指发现早已存在的但不为人所知的东西。
(3) find意为“找到， 发现”， 通常指找到或发现具体的东西， 也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况， 强调的是找的结果。
(4) find out 指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相， 意为“查明， 弄清楚”。
【活学活用】
用invent, discover或find out的适当形式填空
(1)Laszlo Biro _________ the ballpoint pen.
(2)Columbus is said to ______________ America in 1492.
(3)Can you ________what time the meeting will start?
(4)You are always ________ excuses.

5　condition　n. 状况；条件；环境， 条件
on this/that condition 在这个/那个条件下
on no condition 无论如何都不；绝不 on condition that条件是
【易混辨析】
state, situation, condition和position
(1) state 表示某事物所显示出的具体状况或状态， 是可数名词。如：
Water exists in three states. 水有三种形态。
(2) situation表示国家、集体或个人所处的综合的“形势， 情况， 处境”。如：
international situation 国际形势
in the present situation 在目前形势下
(3) condition 表示要做某事需满足的“条件”；某人、某物所处的“(健康)状况”(不可数名词， 但有时也加a)；表示工作、学习等的“环境， 条件”时多用复数。如：
poor working conditions 恶劣的工作环境
meet/satisfy a condition 满足条件
He’s in excellent condition for a man of his age. 他就其年龄而言， 身体极好。
(4) position指“位置， 职位”。
【活学活用】
(1) _______________are you allowed to do that. 无论如何也不允许你那样做。
(2)I’ll let you borrow it _______________ you lend me your bicycle in return.
我借给你也行， 但有个条件， 你得把你的自行车借给我。
(3) People are looking forward to improving their living ____________.
人们期待着改善生活条件。
(4) Children must be taught to deal with dangerous _______.
必须教会孩子们处理危险的情况。
(5)Ice is water in a solid _____. 冰是水的固体状态。

6　contribution　n. 贡献；促成作用；捐款；捐献物；投稿
(1)contribute v. 　 捐款；贡献；有助于；投稿
(2)make a contribution to 对……作贡献
contribute (sth.) to 对……捐献， 向……投稿
contribute to 有助于， 促成
【活学活用】
(1)Everyone should __________________ our society. 人人都应该为社会作贡献。
(2) The government encouraged everyone to ____________ those suffering from disaster. 政府鼓励每个人向受灾的人们捐助。
(3)Does smoking ____________ lung cancer?吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
Ⅴ短语学习
1. bring up　教育， 养育；提出；呕吐
bring down　使下降 bring in 引入；提出；获利
bring about 引起， 导致， 造成 bring along 带来
bring out 使显示；出版；生产

【活学活用】
用bring相关短语的适当形式填空
(1) Her parents died when she was a baby and she was __________by her aunt.
(2)Scientists say that many factors __________ changes in the weather.
(3)The store has agreed to __________ the price of the computer.
(4) The sale of the house only __________ about 45, 000.
(5)New personal computers are __________ almost daily.

Ⅵ. 句型学习
1　Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.　 孟子是一位思想家， 他的学说与孔子的学说极为相似。
【句式点拨】
在表示比较的句型中， those可用来替代前文中的复数名词。若前文名词为不可数名词或单数名词， 则用that。

【活学活用】
用that或those填空
(1) The weather in Beijing is much colder than ____ in Shanghai.
(2) The students in our class are much older than _____ in your class.

2　Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century, and were no faster than a horse.　 汽车首次在19世纪末开始使用， 跑得和马一样慢。
【句式点拨】
no ＋比较级＋than 表“两者都不”；not＋ 比较级＋than 表“前者不如后者”。如
He is no more careful than you. ＝ He is as careless as you.他和你一样粗心。
He is not more careful than you. 他没有你那么细心。
【活学活用】
Not all bamboo grows tall. The shortest grows _________ your ankles.
A．higher than B．as high as C．no higher than D．less higher than
【解析】 C　no higher than＝ as short as，正符合语境。句意：并非所有的竹子都长得很高，最矮的竹子长得只有你脚踝那么高。
课后练习
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I do believe in e _______ of opportunity.
2．It was commonly believed that he was an _______ (诚实的)man.
3．The i _______ of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.
4．Don’t a _______ with me; my decision is final.
5．Beethoven was an _________(有影响力的) figure in the history of music.
Ⅱ.选词填空
bring up， believe in， at first， in some ways， in conclusion
1．The changes are beneficial ___________ but not in others.
2．Your suggestion will ____________ at the next meeting.
3. _____________, I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying here.
4．He is one of my best friends. I _________ him.
5. _________, I don’t like him, but later we became good friends.
Ⅲ.单项填空
1． [2010·辽宁卷] I agree to his suggestion _______ the condition that he drops all charges.
A. by B. in C. on D. to
【解析】 C　on the condition that相当于一个连词，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以……为条件”。
2．[2010·全国卷Ⅱ] The island is ________ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.
A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally
【解析】 D　考查副词词义辨析。partly部分地；merely仅仅；nearly几乎；equally同样地。句意：这个岛屿因春秋两季气候宜人，因此同样迷人。
3．From their _________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A．stage B．position C．condition D．situation
【解析】 B　考查名词词义辨析。stage 舞台，时期，阶段；position 位置；condition 条件，情况；situation 形势，情况，情景。根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。句意：从电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地观赏这个城市的景色。
4．We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son’s illness had put him under great ________ .
A．emotion B．excitement C．crisis D．stress
【解析】 D　考查名词辨析。 put sb. under (great) stress使某人处境(非常)紧张，使某人受(很大)压力。
5．Every year the CCTV chooses ten ________ figures among the ordinary people, whose deeds can move China.
A．historical B．luckiest C．most influential D．more enthusiastic
【解析】 C　考查形容词辨析。句意：每年中央电视台都要在普通人中评选10位最有影响的人物，他们的事迹能够感动中国。
6．—Why did you ________ ?
—I was offered a better position at IBM.
A．react B．retire C．resign D．remove
【解析】 C　考查动词辨析。react反应；retire退休；resign辞职；remove除掉，移动。由答语可知是“辞职”。
7．[2011·湖北卷] The government has taken measures to________the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down
【解析】 B　考查动词短语辨析。bring down使降低，使下降；take down记下，写下；hand down传下来；tear down扯下，拆毁，拆除。
8．People in this village will remember his contributions ________ defending the village.
A．on B．in C．to D．about
【解析】 C　考查介词搭配。contribution to…对……的贡献。
9．She is ________ careful than her brother. They can’t do the work that needs carefulness.
A．not more B．no more C．not less D．no less
【解析】 B考查比较级。根据语境可知，两人都不够细心，选B，表“两者都不”。
10．The research has caused a lot of ________ . Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.
A．quarrels B．fightings C．statement D．argument
【解析】 D　考查名词辨析。由后句可知这项研究引起争论。quarrel争吵；fighting战斗；statement 陈述，声明；argument争论，辩论。