小升初英语系列-形容词和副词.doc

形容词和副词讲义及演练一 形容词1. 修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。一般“的”的词都是形容词。如：She is a beautiful girl. (漂亮的)2. 在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如：I have an interesting book. (interesting有趣的，修饰book，在句中作定语)We are happy today. (happy快乐的，在句中作表语)Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.(clean干净的，tidy整洁的，在句中都作宾语补足语) 3. 多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）如：a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。 the big round red wooden table. 又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。二 副词：1. 通常修饰动词，表示动作的程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中作状语。一般“地”的词都是副词。如：You must listen to the teacher carefully.(仔细地，认真地)2. 副词的分类1) 时间副词: now, today等2）频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never2) 地点副词：here, there, upstairs, downstairs等3) 方式副词：carefully, fast, well, politely等4) 程度副词: much, little, quite等5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why等 三 形容词转化成副词1. 一般在形容词后加ly, 如：quick-quickly2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i, 加ly, 如：happy-happily3. 以ue 结尾的形容词，去e加ly, 如：true-truly注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast, hard, high, late, far等，它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。另外，有些以ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词，如：friendly, lovely lonely, lively等。四 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成1. 比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如 tall-taller, well-better2. 最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如 long-longest3. 比较级和最高级的变化规则：规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）：a. 在词尾直接加-er/est, 如：short-shorter-shortestb. 词尾是e，只加-r/st, 如：nice-nicer-nicestc. 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i 再加-er/est, 如：happy-happier-happiestd. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est,如：big-bigger-biggeste. 其他双音节词和多音节词，其前加more/most, 如：more/most delicious 不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好、坏、多、少、远）词义原级比较级最高级好good/wellbetterbest坏bad/badly/illworseworst多many/muchmoremost少littlelessleast远farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest五形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：1. 原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为“和相同”相当于the same as肯定句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as BTom is as honest as Jack. Jack runs as fast as Peter.否定句：A+动词.+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as B This tree is not as/so tall as that one.2. 比较级的用法:1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ BSusan is happier than Jane. Lily run faster than Mary注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a bit来修饰。2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+thanIm two years older than you.Our classroom is twice bigger than yours.3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”The earth is getting warmer and warmer.4）the +比较级，the +比较级，表示“越, 就越” The more, the better. 越多越好。（多多益善）3. 最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。1）one of the +最高级Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.2）比较级句型表达最高级意义 A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数) 如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数) 如：The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China. 以上两句意思相当于：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.随堂演练（满分100分）一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1分=23分) old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ _ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：（23*1分=23分）1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class.8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _.9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom?13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.三、小小翻译家：（62*0.5分=31分）1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。 _ is _than Jim？ _ are.2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan. _ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your _? My _ _.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。 _ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。 He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _ as _ as Mike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。_ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise,youll _ _ soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese.13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。_you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I_it _than_.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_.All my_ _ _than me.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。 My_ _ up _than me.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。 _the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes,they _.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesnt _ _ in PE. But I dont _ _than_.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_ you _football _than your classmates?No,they_as_as me.四、将下列各组单词重新排序.使构成有意义地词组。（5*1分=5分）1. fat, the, cat, white_ 2. Olympics, green, a, great_3. expensive, that, jacket, brown_4.an, book., interesting, thick_5. round, three, plates, yellow_五、选词填空（18*1分=18分）1. My sister is getting _. A. fater and fater B. fatter and fatter C. more fatter and fatter D. more and more fatter2. They are _to us than before. A. friend B. friendly C. more friendly D. friendier3. Jack is the _ boy _our class. A. tallest. in B. taller. in C. most tall. of D. more tall. of4. It is not _ warm _ yesterday. Put on more clothes. A. so . on B. so. in C. as .at D. as. as5. Hangzhou is one of _cities I have visited. A. beautiful B. beauitifulier C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful6. Both Andy and I drive slowly. Tom drives fast. So Tom drives _of all.A. slower B. the slowest C. faster D. the fastest7My sister is a _ girl. Agood Bwell Cvery8一 Is it your toy taxi?一 No. _ its his AMay be BMay CMaybe9_ are you? Im _, thank youAWhat；good BHow；fine CWhat；fine DHow；good10一Can you help me? _. AYes BExcuse me CCertainly DHow11The grass around my house is Very_ A. black Bblue Cgreen12The sky is _. The c1oud is _ Ablue；red Bred；brown Cblue；white13The child is _ kind Amuch Bvery much Cvery14一Could I use your pen，please? _. ANo BCertainly CExcuse me15I _ go to School at 8：00 am Avery Bmuch Coften16I have an _ doll. Aold beautiful Bbeautiful o1d Csmall old17Mr Wang is a _ teacher. A. tall old English B. English old tall C. old tall English18Oranges are _ Apurple Bblue Corange