资源描述
Unit 1 Topic1
have a good summer holiday 过一个愉快的暑假 come back from… 从……回来
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
have / has been to 去过某地 have /has gone to 去某地了
take photos 照相 by the way 顺便说
take part in = join in 参加 learn (sth.) from sb.向某人学习
have / live a happy/ hard / normal life 过着幸福/艰苦的/正常的生活
in detail 详细地 in order to do sth. 为了做…
help support families 帮助养家糊口 give support to sb. / give sb. Support为某人提供帮助
with the development of …. 随着……的发展
see sth. oneself 亲眼所见 keep in touch with与..….保持联系
get a good education 受到良好的教育 go abroad 出国，
at home and abroad 在国外 what’s more. 而且
in the past 在过去 at present 现在
dream about+sth / doing 梦想…/做…
in the future 在将来 in the 1960s 在二十世纪六十年代
enjoy leisure activities享受闲暇的活动 many sorts of =many kinds of 许多种类的
not only …but also…不但…../.而且 make progress取得进步，取得进展
happen to sb. /sth. 发生在……身上 in the open air在户外
draw up 拟定，起草 thanks to幸亏，由于
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.铃声响了
It is important (for sb) to do sth做某事（对某人而言）是重要的
重点语法
（一）现在完成时：表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
即“过去的动作 + 现在的结果”， 强调结果。如：
I have bought a new bike. (= I bought a new bike, and I have a new bike now.)
我已经买了一辆新的自行车。（强调我现在有了一辆新车。）
构成形式： 助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词
肯定句： I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影。
否定句： I haven’t seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。
一般疑问句： Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影了吗？
回答： Yes, I have. 是的，我看过了。 No, I haven’t. 不，我没看过。
特殊疑问句： What have you done? 你已经做了什么？
（二）have/ has been to与 have/ has gone to
have/ has been to + 某地， 到过某地，说话时人已经回来了。
have /has gone to + 某地， 说明去了某地， 说话时人还没回来。 如：
I have been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。
---- Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪儿？--- He has gone to the library? 他去图书馆了。
Topic2
get lost 迷路，走失 Bad luck!真倒霉！ call sb up = ring sb up给…打电话
So do I.我也是。 So/neither +be /情态动词/助动词 +主语. （另一个） …(不)也如此。
at least至少 at that time 那时 take place 发生
because of 因为，由于 one-child policy 独生子女政策
be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求 be strict in / about sth. 对某事严格要求
any other + 单数名词 any other country 其它任何一个国家
in recent years = recently最近几年
increase by +倍数或百分数 “增加了……倍或百分之…… increase to 增加到…
What’s the population of China？= What’s the number of people in China？中国有多少人口？
in developing countries在发展中国家 in developed countries 在发达国家
So it is. 的确是, 确实如此 carry out 实行，执行 one fifth 五分之一
be short of 短缺 be short for … 是……的缩写 so far 到目前为止
take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 be known as = be famous as作为…而着名
less than 不到，少于 more than多于 a couple of 一些，几个
unless…= if …not.除非，如果不 work well in (doing ) sth. 在某方面起作用
keep up with 赶上，跟上
现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：
1．already 和 yet
already “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。
yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？
I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。
※ already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇”
Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？
2．ever 和 never
ever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。
never
never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：
I have never seen him before.
----Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？----No, never. 不，从来不。
3．just
just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如：
I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。
4．before
before “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应）， 如：
He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before.
他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。
Topic 3
get used to doing sth = be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
be used to do /for sth/doing sth 被用来做某事
used to do sth 过去常常做某事 否定：didn’t use to do sth
go to plays /concerts/operas去看戏剧/去听音乐会去看歌剧
come for a visit来参观 as a matter of fact=in fact事实上
in need 在困难时， 在贫困之中once conj. 一旦…就…，adv. 一次, 从前
it is+ adj. +for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做… 是
decide on+n.\v-ing = decide to do sth 决定要做某事
lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人borrow sth from sb向某人借来某物
provide sb.with sth. =offer sb. sth.提供给某人某物
be sucessful in doing sth=succeed in doing sth 成功完成某事
feel good 感到愉快或有信心 return to a normal life 重新回到正常的生活
obey /disobey the rules遵守\违反规则 take drugs 吸毒
Project Hope 希望工程
in the past+时间 在过去的……里in the past sixteen years在过去的16年里
the people at home and abroad 国内外的人们
thousands of…数以千计的hundreds of …数以百计的millions of…数以百万计的
aim to do sth 目标是做某事，为了做某事pay for 付款
in poor areas 在贫困地区 send …to… 把…送到/派到…
现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用。
a)“for + 时间段” (长达…) 与 “since + 时间点”（自从……以来）， 都表“一段时间”，常用How long 提问。
如: ----How long have you been like this?
---I have been like this since last month./ for a month.
---How long have you lived in Changle?
----I have lived in Changle for ten years / since ten years ago.
b) 如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。
如：I bought this TV three days ago.= I have had this TV for three days.
His cat died yesterday.= His cat has been dead since yesterday.
常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性动词如下：
come-be here; go-be there; close-be closed; open-be open;
buy-have; borrow -keep; leave-be away; begin-be on;
finish-be over; die-be dead etc.
构词法
合成词：由两个或者更多独立的单词组合成一个单词。 如：
motherland, basketball, filmmaker, birthday; hometown, greenhouse, etc.
派生词：一词通过加前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 如：
常见的前缀：
dis-; un-; im- 表示“不”， 如：
dislike（不喜欢） disappear（消失） disagree （不同意）disobey（不遵守）
unhappy（不快乐） unfair（不公平） unlike（不像） unfriendly（不友好）
impolite （不礼貌） impossible（不可能）
re- 表示“重复”， 如：
retell（复述） review（复习） rewrite（重写） return（重返）
super- 表示“超”， 如：
supermarket（超市） superman（超人） superstar（超级明星）
mis- 表示“错误”， 如：
mistake（错误） misunderstand（误解）
2) 常见的后缀：
名词后缀：-er, -or; -ness; -tion; - ment 如：
worker（工人） player（选手） teacher（教师） driver（司机）
visitor （参观者） inventor（发明者） translator （翻译者）
question（问题） invention （发明） education （教育） organization（组织）
movement（运动 ） agreement（同意） development（发展）
形容词后缀：-ful; -ous; -less - able; -y 如：
useful （有用的） careful（认真的） helpful （有帮助的） successful（成功的）
dangerous（危险的） famous （着名的） delicious （可口的） serious（严肃的）
homeless （无家可归的） careless（粗心的） useless（无用的）
changeable （易变的） countable（可数的）
cloudy （多云的） windy （有风的） sleepy（困倦的） rainy（下雨的）
Unit 2 Topic 1
There be+sth./sb.+doing sth. 有某人或某物正在做… pour…into…向…排放
my goodness 我的天哪！ have/has gone不见了
It’s + 形容词+ for sb to do sth 做某事对某人…
It is difficult for me to breathe. 对我来说很难呼吸。
be harmful to=do harm to 对…有害
How long have you been like this?你处于这样的状况有多久了？
I’ve been like this since…自从…以来我就这样。
too much noise 太多噪音too many problems 太多问题
in a bad mood心情不好 can/can’t stand sb / sth / doing …能/不能容忍…
stand sb doing sth 容忍某人做某事stand /improve / protect the environment忍受/改善/保护环境 manage to do sth.设法做某事 try to do sth 尽力做某事
write to sb. 写信给某人go /become deaf 变耳聋have hearing loss听力丧失
It is reported that…据报道…It is said that… 据说…
not all…不是所有的都…quite a few/a lot/ bit 许多，大量very few 几乎没有几个
no better than “同…（几乎）一样”, 和…(几乎)一样坏in public 公开，公众
all sorts of = all kinds of 各种各样的disturb others打扰别人
with the increase in…随着…的增长high blood pressure高血压
in many ways在很多方面as well 也in strong, changeable light 在强而多变的灯光下
直接引语和间接引语
在引用别人原话时，被引用的部分称为直接引语；如：
“What are you reading,Jane?” Maria asked.
当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述部分称为间接引语。如：
Maria asked Jane what she was reading.
直接引语和间接引语可互相转换，但要注意以下几个变化：
直接引语变为间接引语时，引导词要根据句子类型的不同有所变化。
1）如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用that或省略。如：
She said, “I’m very glad to have such a chance.”
→She said (that) she was very glad to have such a chance.
2）如果是一般疑问句时，则用whether或 if。如：
Maria asked Jane, “Can they get good food and medicine?”
→Maria asked Jane whether/ if they could get good food and medicine.
3）如果是特殊疑问句时，则用相应的疑问词what, where, which, how等。如：
Maria asked Jane, “ What are you reading?”
→Maria asked Jane what she was reading.
4）如果是祈使句时，则多用动词ask, tell, order引导的不定式结构。如：
Mother said to me, “ Try again.”→ Mother asked me to try again.
“ Don’t be afraid”, Tom said to Dick.→Tom told Dick not to be afraid.
语序的变化：若是从句，一律为陈述语序。
时态的变化。
1）主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变；如：
He says, “I’m tired.”→ He says he is tired.
He will say, “ The boy was lazy.”→ He will say the boy was lazy.
2）主句为过去时态时，间接引语则一般都有改成相应的过去时态，但表示自然科学和真理之类的仍以现在时出现。如：
He said, “I’m sorry.”→ He said he was sorry.
The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.”
→ The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
人称的变化。如：
The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class.”
→ The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class.
时间状语的变化。如：now→then; today→that day; tonight→that night;
this morning→that morning; ago→before; yesterday→the day before;
last night→the night before; the day before yesterday→two days before;
tomorrow→the next day; next week→the next week.
地点状语的变化。如：here→there
指示代词的变化。如：this→that; these → those
动词的变化。如：come → go; bring → take
Topic 2
as a result 结果something useful 一些有用的东西
None of us likes pollution. 我们中没人喜欢污染 here and there = everywhere到处
walk on grass踩草坪care for = look after = take care of照顾，照看
We should do everything we can to protect the environment.我们应尽一切努力保护环境
even worse甚至更糟make rules 制订规则day by day一天天in the beginning 一开始
die out 灭绝 realize the importance of ……意识到……的重要性
wash away 冲走 blow away 吹走；刮走ake away 带走
turn into = change into 转变成blow strongly 吹得猛烈 cut down 砍伐
stop/prevent/keep from doing sth 阻止做 human beings 人类
turn off 关闭turn on 打开 turn up 开大，调大（音量等）turn down调小，关小（音量等）
on earth 在地球上millions of 数以百万记refer to提到take up占去（空间）deal with 处理
不定代词和不定副词：
(一) 不定代词：
指人：someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody no one/ nobody everyone/everybody
指物：something anything nothing everything
（二）不定副词
指地点：somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
（三）用法：
1．some-复合代词/副词常用于肯定句；如：
I saw someone in the room. 我看见房间里有人。
There is something in the woods. 树林里有什么东西。
He has gone somewhere warm for his holiday. 他去暖和的地方度假了。
2．any-复合代词/副词常用于否定句或疑问句；如：
I didn’t see anyone in the room. 我没看见有人在房间里。
There isn’t anything in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。
He hasn’t gone somewhere warm for his holiday.他没去暖和的地方度假。
3．no- 复合代词/副词表全否定；如：
I saw nobody in the room. 我看见房间里没有人。
There is nothing in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。
4．every- 复合代词/副词代替全部；如：
Everyone is here. 大家都在这儿。
It seems he knows everything. 似乎他知道一切。
※some-复合代词/副词用于疑问句中时，表希望得到对方的肯定回答或表请求；如：
Would you like something to drink? 你要点喝的东西吗？
※any-复合代词/副词用于肯定句时，表“任何”；如：
If people spit anywhere in public, they should be punished.
如果人们在公众的任何地方吐痰，他们应该受罚。
※不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；如：
No one knows this secret. 没有一人知道这个秘密。
Everything goes well. 一切进展顺利。
※如果有定语修饰,定语应放在不定代词或不定副词后；如：
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事告诉你。
There is nobody strange here. 这儿没有一个陌生人。
※no= not any → nobody = not anybody; nothing = not anything
She didn’t say anything. = She said nothing. 她什么也没说。
There is nobody strange here.= There isn’t anybody strange here.
这儿没有一个陌生人。
Topic 3
environmental protection环境保护protect the environment 保护环境
spread the message 宣传信息 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
not only … but also 不但,而且
save money/ energy/ electricity 省钱/ 能源/ 电
so that 以便 It’s nice of you to do sth你做某事真是太好了
should = ought to = be supposed to do sth 应该
a greener person 一名绿色使者
instead of 代替 travel a short distance=have a short journey 短途旅行
Easier said than done.说比做容易 Actions speak louder than words.行大于言
May I have your attention, please ? 请（大家）注意啦 ]
I have sth. important to tell you.我有重要的事要告诉大家 Please be on time.请准时
That’s all.我要说的就这些 nuclear energy核能 acid rain酸雨
produce power/ electricity 发电 be used for doing sth 被用于做
并列句：是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子，连词前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。
1．表示并列关系，常用连接词有and, not only…but also…等。如：
His father is a teacher and his mother is a doctor.他的父亲是一位老师，母亲是一位医生。
Mr. Green can not only drive a car but also repair it.格林先生不但会开车而且还能修车。
2．表示转折，常用连词有but, while等。如：
I bought my sister a present, but she didn’t like it.我给妹妹买了一件礼物，但是她并不喜欢。Tom does housework every day while his sister does nothing.
汤姆每天都做家务活，而他的妹妹什么也不做。
3．表示选择关系，常用连词有or, either…or…等。如：
He speaks French, or perhaps he understands it.他会讲法语，或者懂法语。
Either he could not come or he did not want to.他要么是不能来要么是不想来。
表示因果关系，常用连词有so, for等。如：
Her mother is ill, so she has to stay at home and look after her mother.
她母亲病了，所以她不得不呆在家里照看她。
The ground is very wet, for it rained last night.地面很湿，因为昨晚下雨了。
Unit 3 Topic 1
贴在墙上 stick sth on the wall 来看一看come and have a look
为……做准备 be ready for sth 准备做某事 be ready to do sth
迫不及待做某事 can’t wait to do sth=can’t help doing sth.
有机会做某事 have a chance to do sth 练习做某事 practice doing sth
能够做某事 be able to do sth 从现在起，开始 from now on
设法做某事 try one’s best to do sth 对…满意be pleased with… be satisfied with
和…相似 be similar to 与…..一样 be the same as 出差 on business
把…翻译成 translate…into 整理包pack one’s bag
进行（一次）长谈 have a long conversation, have long conversations
向…求助 ask …for help 总的来说，通常 in general =usually (毫不)费力做某事
have (no) trouble/ difficulties (in)doing sth 偶尔 once in a while
作为母语 as mother tongue /first language 第二语言 second language
外语 foreign language 官方语言 the official language
把。。。分成 divide …into ……的总数/ 数量the number of…… 许多 a number of
被广泛使用 be widely used 和某人交流 communicate with sb
这是事实 It’s true that+ 处于领先地位 take the leading position
鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth 中国制造 made in China
把……看作，把…认为regard… as…. 也as well as
即使even though 受。。。欢迎be popular with 在。。。做得好do well in
一般现在时的被动语态
英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。
如：We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。
主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。
如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我们）打扫。
1．被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）
其中by意为“被……；由……”，表动作的执行者。
如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。
be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）
English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）
Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式）
Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
2．被动语态的用法：
（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下，可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。
3．主、被动语态的转换：
主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）
被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）
注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：
(1)People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(2)She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).
交际用语：谈论英语的广泛使用
1.---You’ll have a good chance to practice speaking English there.
---You’re right.
2.---But I’m not good
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