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(完整word)英语中祈使句的用法
龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义(第 讲)
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课 题
祈使句
教学目标
祈使句的学习
重点、难点
祈使句的反义疑问句;
考点及考试要求
1。考查祈使句的肯定式、否定式及其反义疑问句;
2。考查祈使句的回答;
教学内容
祈使句
一。祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调.在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气.祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如:
Keep off the grass! 勿踩草地!
Put the boxes in the small room。把那些盒子放到那个小房间里.
1。 肯定的祈使句
(1)动词原形+其他
Stand up, please。 = Please stand up。 请起立.
(2)Be + adj。
Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心!
(3)Let's + 动词原形
Let’s go to school together。 咱们一起上学去吧.
2。 否定的祈使句
(1) Don’t + 动词原形 Never + 动词原形
Don’t stand up. 别站起来。
Don't be careless. 别粗心.
Don’t let them play with fire。 别让他们玩火。
(2) Let’s ( let sb。 ) + not + 动词原形
Let’s not say anything about it。 对于这件事,咱们什么也别说。
Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
3。祈使句的反意疑问句
(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。
Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开,好吗?
(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you.
Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了,行不行?
(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we.
Let’s turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开,好吗?
<特别注意> 只有以let’s开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we,而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won’t you.如:Let us stay here, will/ won’t you? 请(你)让我们留在这好吗?
4。在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用『No+名词/V—ing形式』结构,表示『禁止做某事』。例如:NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照!
5。祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是『形式一致』,即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。二是『意思相反』,即Yes是『不』的意思;No是『是』的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如:
——— Don't go out, please。 It’s raining heavily outside。
请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
———- Yes, I will。 I have to meet my brother at the airport.
不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。
6.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。例如:
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do。
把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we'll be late。
快点,否则我们要迟到了.
七.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如:
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow。
如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。
八.祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义).例如:
Do shut up! 快住口!
九.特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句.例如:
More water and the young trees couldn't have died。 =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died。
如果你给那些小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了。
十。运用祈使句的误区
祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中,如果稍不留神,就会出错。因此,要认真审题,认真分析句子结构,并根据上下文语境,作出正确判断。例如:
___________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided。
A。 Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check
析:如果空白处选填B(Check)项,则视为祈使句,但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接;如选A或D项(分词或不定式),句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作,故均不符合句子结构.因此,只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意.
祈使句考题集锦(1)
一、单项选择
1. The TV is too loud. Please________。
A. turn it down B。 to turn it down C。 turn down it D。 to turn down it
2。 _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not
3。 _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A。 Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't
4. Please help me carry it, ______?
A。 will I B。 will you C. shall I D。 shall we
5。 Don't make so much noise, ______?
A. will you B。 won’t you C。 shall we D. do you
6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?
A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood
7。 Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring B. brings C。 to bring D。 bringing
8。 ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A。 Telling B。 To tell C. Told D。 Tell
9. I’ve kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.
A. Name B. named C。 naming D. to name
10. Don’t you know that _______ is good for our health?
A。 swim B。 swimming C. swam D. swims
二、句型转换
11. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改为祈使句)
_____ _____ again more slowly, please。
12. If you don't listen to me, I'll go。 (改为同义句)
_____ _____ me, or I’ll go。
13。 Let’s watch the sports games。 (改为反意疑问句)
Let’s watch the sports games, _____ _____?
14。 The teachers often tell the students not to be careless。 (改为祈使句)
_____ _____careless, please。
15. Please sit next to Nancy. (改为否定句)
_____ _____ next to Nancy。
16. Don’t forget to turn off the lights, please. (改为反意疑问句)
Don’t forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?
17. If you move, you’ll die。 (改为同义句)
_____ _____, or you’ll die。
18。 Come to my house tomorrow。 (改为反意疑问句)
Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?
19. 这是一个坏了的被子. (翻译句子)
This is a ______ ______。
20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。 (翻译句子)
Let’s go and help the _____ _____, please。
参考答案
1-5。 ABDBA 6—10。 CADBB
11。 Read it 12。 Listen to 13. shall we 14. Don’t be 15。 Don’t sit
16. will you 17. Don’t move 18. will / won’t you 19。 broken glass / cup 20. crying girl
祈使句考题集锦(2)
一、将以下祈使句改为否定式:
1。 Come here early。
2。 Ask him.
3. Please wait for her.
4. Read the book carefully.
5. Sit under the tree, please。
6。 Let’s go there together.
二、选择最佳答案填空:
1。 If you are tired, ______ a rest.
A。 have B。 having C. to have D。 had
2. ______ me go。 It is very important for me。
A。 Do let B。 let do C。 Doing let D。 To do let
3。 He is not honest. ______ believe him。
A。 Not B. Don’t C。 To not D. Not to
4。 If you want to stay, let me know, ______?
A. will you B. shall we C。 do you D. do we
5。 Never come late again, ______?
A. will you B。 won’t C。 do you D。 does he
6. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can't catch the train.
A. Getting B. Get C。 To get D. Got
7. _____ in the street。 It’s dangerous.
A。 Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t play D. Don’t to play
8。 Please ______ me some money, will you?
A. lend B. lending C. to lend D。 be lend
9。 The film is about to begin。 Please ______ seated。
A。 be B. are C. is D。 being
10。 _____ the boxes。 You may use them later。
A. Keep B。 Keeping C. To keep D。 Kept
祈使句考题集锦(3)
I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1。 It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be) late.
2. ____________ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3。 ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite.
4. ____________ (not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.
5. ____________ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry。
6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming。
7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like。
8。 ____________ (not, let) the baby cry。
9。 Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold。
10. Let's ____________ (not, say) anything about it。
II. 选择填空
( )1 .Her doctor said: “________ work so hard"
A Stop B Don’t C Can’t D No
( )2。 Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock
A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure
( ) 3.________ when you cross the road。
A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful
( ) 4。 ________him the secret, will you?
A Don't tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling
( ) 5。 ________ in bed。 It’s bad for your eyes.
A Not to read B Don't read C Don’t to read D Not read
( ) 6。 ________ Your child. We’ll look after him.
A Not to worry about B Don’t worry about
C Not worry for D Don’t worry with
( ) 7。They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?
A not they B do not they C don’t they D not to
( ) 8 -—You look rather tired。 ________ stopping to have a rest?
—- All right。
A Why not B How about C Why not to D why don’t
( ) 9 ______ tell a lie.
A Hardly B Not C No D Never
( ) 10. Please ________ look outside。 Look at the blackboard。
A not B don’t C aren't D can’t
( ) 11. Why don't you join us in the game?
A What not B Why not C Why to D How to
( ) 12 ______ go for the book alone, Ms Zhang.
A Let’s B Let me C Let us D Allow
( ) 13 John, read the text for us,________?
A does he B will he C do you D will you
( ) 14。 Let’s do it at once, ________ ?
A shall we B will you C do we D do you
( ) 15。 Let us do it at once, ________ ?
A shall we B will you C do we D do you
将下列汉语翻译成英语。
1。 请照看好您的包。 ___________________.
2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________!
3。 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________!
4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________.
5。 不要让猫进来。 ___________________.
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