中考被动语态精讲精练.doc

(word完整版)中考被动语态精讲精练
初中被动语态精讲精练
一、语态：英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：He wrote the novel. People grow rice in the south of China。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如：The novel was written by him. Rice is grown in the south of China。
二、主动语态和被动语态的转换
1.一般情况下,主动语态变被动语态
1）.把原句的宾语改成主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。
2） 把原句的主语变宾语， 若主动句中的主语是人称代词，要将主格变成宾格,用by引出来.3) 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
人们说英语.People speak English in many countries。 英语被说。 English is spoken in many countries..
我们造这座桥.We built this bridge last year。 这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.
三、各个时态的被动语态的结构
初中英语教材中出现了8种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。
1.一般现在时: do/does—-—am/is/are done
We clean the classroom.-——--Our classroom is cleaned every day。
Many countries speak English。-—— _____________________________________
We clean our classroom every day。-—-________________________________________
Does you plant many trees every year？-—- _____________________________________
2。一般过去式: did———was/were done
We cleaned the window just now.-——— The window was cleaned just now.
The flood washed away many houses。—-—________________________________
We asked him to sing an English song。-——______________________________________
People built the bridge in 2000. -—- When ____________________________________？
3.一般将来时: will do—--will be done am/is/are going to do——-am/is/are going to be done
They will build some new factories here this year。 -——Some new factories will be built here this year.
I‘m going to repair your watch in an hour。 ———Your watch is going to be repaired in an hour。
These letters _________________________tomorrow。（post) The baby _____________________in the hospital。（take good care of)
All the windows ___________________ this afternoon。 (clean) Railway Station __________________ at the end of this month。 (complete）
4。过去将来时: would do-—-would be done ； was/were going to do-—-was/were going to be done
She said that some new factories _________________ soon in our city。（build)
He promised that the money _________________ next week. （return)
5。 现在完成时： has/have done—-—have/has been done
I have finished all my homework.-—-Alll my homework has been finished。
They have already solved the problem.--—__________________________________ The popular song ___________________ on radio. （teach）
6。 过去完成时： had done——-had been done He said that some new factories ________________in the city.(build）
7。 情态动词+do ———情态动词 be done
Can you repair this walkman？ ———Can this walkman be repaired?
You must hand in your composition by 10:00。———_________________________________
We should make full use of our time。——-________________________________________
We should speak to old men politely。--- ______________________________________ Anything here can’t ___________ here. (touch)
四 主动语态变被动语态的特例
1。在主动句中的感官动词see， hear, watch， feel， notice等以及使役动词make、have、let等后接省略to的不定式.但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。
例如:The boss made them work ten hours a day。 →They were made to work ten hours a day.
      A boy saw him enter the house。→He was seen to enter the house.
He made the girl stay at home。 —--The girl ________________________________
Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre。 Last Sunday they _______________________________________________。
The thief was noticed ________________ the room. (enter)
2. 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
I heard Jane playing the piano in the room. ———Jane was heard playing the piano in the room.
Someone saw the girl playing beside the river。 --- The girl _________________________
The teacher told her to stay here.—-— She ________________________________
He found his bike stolen when he came back.——-__________________________________________________
五、几种主动表被动含义的情况
1。当动词(write, read, sell, wash, lock， open等）用来说明主语的性质特征时,一般用主动形式。
This kind of pens writes smoothly. (写起来） The book sells well and It will be sold out in our shop soon.
卖起来 将被卖完
The shirt washes well.（耐洗） The door doesn't open easily （容易开）
2. Look， sound， smell, taste, feel等系动词
Mooncakes taste delicious。 The uniforms look ugly on us。
3. be worth doing结构 This film is worth seeing. The book is worth reading。
4。 Want/ need/require+doing= Want/ need/require to be done
My bike needs repairing= My bike needs to be repaired. These flowers want _________ (water)。
六、中考语态题方法突破
1、首先要确定主语到底是谓语动词的执行者还是承受者。2、其次要确定谓语动词的时态
1)。Chinese ______by more and more people from all over the world today. A。 learn B。 learned C。 is learned D. was learned
2）。（14湖南） --May I use your cup， Tom?——Sorry, it ___ by my sister just now.A。 was broken B。 is broken C. broken
3）.(12山西)--—Susan, why are you still here？ They are all ready to start.
-——I’m sorry， but I _______ when to leave。 A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C。 wasn’t told
4）。（14天津） The 30th Olympic Games _____ in London soon。 A。 held B. will be held C. were held D。 have been held
5). (13重庆) I’m glad to find that many trees _____ in our city last year。 A. plant B。 planted C. were planted D. are planted
6). (13浙江金华) A friendly basketball match between teachers and students
_____ tomorrow afternoon. Anybody is welcome。 A。 was held B。 will be held C. is held D. must be held
六 实战演练： 把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1．  We often use a recorder in our English class.
2．  They will show a new film next week。
3．  When did they build the house?
4．  I saw the boy enter the room。
5．  Will they show a new film next week?
6．  Have they posted the letter yet?
7．  We often see him help his classmate。
8．  You must turn off the light before you go to bed
规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。　　
(1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”work——-worked-—-worked ,visit—-—visited-——visited （2）以“ e "结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ” 　live—--lived——-lived , 　　
(3) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 ”i" ，再加“ ed ” study—--studied--—studied ，cry—--cried---cried
(4) 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”stop--—stopped-—-stopped ， drop——-dropped——dropped
Ⅰ。 A—A-A 型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）
1
花费
cost

2
割
cut

3
打，击
hit

4
伤害
hurt

5
让
let

6
放
规则动词的过去式和过去分词

7
读
read

8
伸展，传播
spread

Ⅱ。 A—A-B 型（动词原形和过去式同形)
9
跳动
beat

Ⅲ。 A—B-A 型（动词原形和过去分词同形）
10
变成
become
规则动词的过去式和过去分词

11
来
come

12
跑
run

Ⅳ。 A-B—B 型（过去式和过去分词同形）
13
挖
dig

14
得到
get

15
吊死
hang

16
悬挂
hang

17
握着，举行
hold

18
产卵
lay

19
照耀
shine

20
坐
sit

21
赢
win

22
遇见
meet

23
保持
keep

24
睡觉
sleep

25
打扫
sweep

26
感觉
feel

27
逃跑
flee

28
闻
smell

29
离开
leave

30
建设
build

31
借出
lend

32
传送
send

33
花费
spend

34
沉下
sink

35
丢失
lose

36
燃烧
burn

37
学习
learn

38
意思是
mean

39
抓住
catch

40
教
teach

41
带来
bring

42
战斗
fight

43
买
buy

44
想，思考
think

45
听见
hear

46
卖
sell

47
告诉
tell

48
说
say

49
找到
find

50
饲养
feed

51
有
have/has

52
制造
make

53
站
stand

54
粘贴，刺
stick

55
拼写
spell

56
吐唾沫
spit

57
明白
understand

V.A—B—C型
58
开始
begin

59
喝
drink

60
躲藏
hide

61
铃响
ring

62
唱
sing

63
游泳
swim

64
吹
blow

65
画画
draw

66
飞
fly

67
生长
grow

68
知道
know

69
投掷
throw

70
出示，显示
show

71
打破
break

72
选择
choose

73
忘记
forget

74
结冰，凝固
freeze

75
说
speak

76
醒
wake

77
驾驶
drive

78
吃
eat

79
落下
fall

80
给
give

81
升高
rise

82
拿，取
take

83
弄错
mistake

84
骑
ride

85
写
write

86
做
do

87
去
go

88
平躺
lie

89
看见
see

90
穿
wear

91
是
be(am,is，are）

现在完成时：1)表示动作发生在过去,而对现在造成的影响和结果。
　　I have spent all of my money。(现在我没有钱花了.） 　　Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.) 　　
Michael has been ill。(现在仍然很虚弱) 　 He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地) 　　
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段)，since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
①for + 时段 为…时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点（译为:自从……以来)③since + 时段 + ago ④since + 从句（过去时） ⑤It is + 时段 + since + 从句（过去时） 　　
Mary has been ill for three days。 　　I have lived here since 1998. 注：瞬间动词(buy,die,join，lose…)不能直接与for， since 连用。
★1.have代替buy， My brother has had（不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow， I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days。 　　
★3、用be替代become ,How long has your sister been a teacher? 　　
★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold，Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday。 　　
★5、用wear代替put on ，He has worn this coat for a week.