中考被动语态精讲精练.doc

(word完整版)中考被动语态精讲精练初中被动语态精讲精练一、语态：英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：He wrote the novel. People grow rice in the south of China。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如：The novel was written by him. Rice is grown in the south of China。二、主动语态和被动语态的转换1.一般情况下,主动语态变被动语态1）.把原句的宾语改成主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。2） 把原句的主语变宾语， 若主动句中的主语是人称代词，要将主格变成宾格,用by引出来.3) 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。人们说英语.People speak English in many countries。 英语被说。 English is spoken in many countries.我们造这座桥.We built this bridge last year。 这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.三、各个时态的被动语态的结构初中英语教材中出现了8种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。1.一般现在时: do/does-am/is/are doneWe clean the classroom.-Our classroom is cleaned every day。Many countries speak English。- _We clean our classroom every day。-_Does you plant many trees every year？- _2。一般过去式: didwas/were doneWe cleaned the window just now.- The window was cleaned just now.The flood washed away many houses。-_We asked him to sing an English song。-_People built the bridge in 2000. - When _？3.一般将来时: will do-will be done am/is/are going to do-am/is/are going to be doneThey will build some new factories here this year。 -Some new factories will be built here this year.Im going to repair your watch in an hour。 Your watch is going to be repaired in an hour。These letters _tomorrow。（post) The baby _in the hospital。（take good care of)All the windows _ this afternoon。 (clean) Railway Station _ at the end of this month。 (complete）4。过去将来时: would do-would be done ； was/were going to do-was/were going to be doneShe said that some new factories _ soon in our city。（build)He promised that the money _ next week. （return)5。 现在完成时： has/have done-have/has been done I have finished all my homework.-Alll my homework has been finished。 They have already solved the problem.-_ The popular song _ on radio. （teach）6。 过去完成时： had done-had been doneHe said that some new factories _in the city.(build）7。 情态动词+do 情态动词 be doneCan you repair this walkman？ Can this walkman be repaired?You must hand in your composition by 10:00。_We should make full use of our time。-_We should speak to old men politely。- _ Anything here cant _ here. (touch)四 主动语态变被动语态的特例1。在主动句中的感官动词see， hear, watch， feel， notice等以及使役动词make、have、let等后接省略to的不定式.但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如:The boss made them work ten hours a day。 They were made to work ten hours a day. A boy saw him enter the house。He was seen to enter the house.He made the girl stay at home。 -The girl _Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre。 Last Sunday they _。The thief was noticed _ the room. (enter)2. 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 I heard Jane playing the piano in the room. Jane was heard playing the piano in the room. Someone saw the girl playing beside the river。 - The girl _The teacher told her to stay here.- She _He found his bike stolen when he came back.-_五、几种主动表被动含义的情况1。当动词(write, read, sell, wash, lock， open等）用来说明主语的性质特征时,一般用主动形式。 This kind of pens writes smoothly. (写起来） The book sells well and It will be sold out in our shop soon. 卖起来 将被卖完 The shirt washes well.（耐洗） The door doesnt open easily （容易开）2. Look， sound， smell, taste, feel等系动词 Mooncakes taste delicious。 The uniforms look ugly on us。3.be worth doing结构 This film is worth seeing. The book is worth reading。4。 Want/ need/require+doing= Want/ need/require to be done My bike needs repairing= My bike needs to be repaired. These flowers want _ (water)。六、中考语态题方法突破1、首先要确定主语到底是谓语动词的执行者还是承受者。2、其次要确定谓语动词的时态1)。Chinese _by more and more people from all over the world today. A。 learn B。 learned C。 is learned D. was learned2）。（14湖南） -May I use your cup， Tom?Sorry, it _ by my sister just now.A。 was broken B。 is broken C. broken3）.(12山西)-Susan, why are you still here？ They are all ready to start. -Im sorry， but I _ when to leave。 A. dont tell B. didnt tell C。 wasnt told4）。（14天津） The 30th Olympic Games _ in London soon。 A。 held B. will be held C. were held D。 have been held5). (13重庆) Im glad to find that many trees _ in our city last year。 A. plant B。 planted C. were planted D. are planted6). (13浙江金华) A friendly basketball match between teachers and students _ tomorrow afternoon. Anybody is welcome。 A。 was held B。 will be held C. is held D. must be held 六 实战演练： 把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1 We often use a recorder in our English class.2 They will show a new film next week。3 When did they build the house?4 I saw the boy enter the room。5 Will they show a new film next week?6 Have they posted the letter yet?7 We often see him help his classmate。8 You must turn off the light before you go to bed规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 (1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited （2）以“ e 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ” live-lived-lived , (3) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 y 变为 ”i ，再加“ ed ” study-studied-studied ，cry-cried-cried(4) 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”stop-stopped-stopped ， drop-droppeddropped 。 AA-A 型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）1花费cost2割cut3打，击hit4伤害hurt5让let6放规则动词的过去式和过去分词7读read8伸展，传播spread。 AA-B 型（动词原形和过去式同形)9跳动beat。 AB-A 型（动词原形和过去分词同形）10变成become规则动词的过去式和过去分词11来come12跑run。 A-BB 型（过去式和过去分词同形）13挖dig14得到get15吊死hang16悬挂hang17握着，举行hold18产卵lay19照耀shine20坐sit21赢win22遇见meet23保持keep24睡觉sleep25打扫sweep26感觉feel27逃跑flee28闻smell29离开leave30建设build31借出lend32传送send33花费spend34沉下sink35丢失lose36燃烧burn37学习learn38意思是mean39抓住catch40教teach41带来bring42战斗fight43买buy44想，思考think45听见hear46卖sell47告诉tell48说say49找到find50饲养feed51有have/has52制造make53站stand54粘贴，刺stick55拼写spell56吐唾沫spit57明白understandV.ABC型58开始begin59喝drink60躲藏hide61铃响ring62唱sing63游泳swim64吹blow65画画draw66飞fly67生长grow68知道know69投掷throw70出示，显示show71打破break72选择choose73忘记forget74结冰，凝固freeze75说speak76醒wake77驾驶drive78吃eat79落下fall80给give81升高rise82拿，取take83弄错mistake84骑ride85写write86做do87去go88平躺lie89看见see90穿wear91是be(am,is，are）现在完成时：1)表示动作发生在过去,而对现在造成的影响和结果。I have spent all of my money。(现在我没有钱花了.） Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill。(现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段)，since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for + 时段 为时间 since + 过去一个时间点（译为:自从以来)since + 时段 + ago since + 从句（过去时） It is + 时段 + since + 从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days。 I have lived here since 1998. 注：瞬间动词(buy,die,join，lose)不能直接与for， since 连用。1.have代替buy， My brother has had（不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow， I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days。 3、用be替代become ,How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold，Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday。 5、用wear代替put on ，He has worn this coat for a week.