中考英语语法-复合句.doc

人教版中考英语专项练习 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。一.宾语从句1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。 We all knew (that) we should learn from each other.由if/whether引导的宾语从句。 Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?2.宾语从句“三关”引导词关注意：whether与if的区别 只用whether的情况 在介词后面 We dont think about whether it would rain the next day. 在动词不定式前 They asked me whether to sit at the front. 当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时 Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not at that time 宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not, I cant say 在动词discuss后的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we should have a sports meeting next week. 引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether The question was whether he went there last night 只用if的情况 引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked me if I hadt finished my homework 引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果”Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow语序关 宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变 宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序时态关 如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定 如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时3.人称变化：4.从句简化当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式 She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句简化为不定式结构 She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构 Can you tell me how I can get to the station? Can you tell me how to get to the station?5.否定转移 如果主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose等，且主句主语是一人称时，后面所接宾语从句的否定词通常前移到主句中。 I dont think that she can finish this work on time.注意：这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓要与从句一致 I dont think he is interested in that, is he? 如果主句主语是二三人称时，宾语从句否定词不前移，反意疑问句反问主句She thought that film was not interesting, didnt she?二状语从句1.时间状语从句 常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等来引导。在时间状语从句中，通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Since引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用过去时。 While引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词，不能是短暂性动词。as, when, while都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生。as强调两动作同时进行，并表示对比；发生时间较短，且由“一边一边”的意思。When还可表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作“之前”或“之后”发生。While用于时间较长时。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.2.条件状语从句 通常用if, unless引导。在条件状语从句中，谓语动词通常用现在时表示将来的动作或状态。 Im waiting for my friend. If she doesnt come, Ill go shopping alone.3.原因状语从句通常用because, since, as（由于）引导。because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答 由why提出的问题，只能用because。as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的从句多放在句首。because和so不能同时出现。 As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our match.4.结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that 引导。sothat与suchthat可以互换。如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so. sothat句型的否定形式可用简单句tooto或notenough to代替such+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词+thatsnch+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that=so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+that Last night Judy worked so late that she didnt catch the early bus this morning.5.比较状语从句通常由asas, than等连词引导Though the player is over thirty, he can still run as fast as some young players6.目的状语从句通常用so that, in order that引导。so that即可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别是： 目的状语从句中往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等，从意义上看，目的状语从句表示的目的很明确。 Pass the cake round so that everyone can take a piece.7.让步状语从句通常由though, although, as等连词引导。although, though与but不同时出现。Though he is old, he is very strong.8.地点状语从句通常由where, wherever引导Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.9.方式状语从句通常由as, as if, as though等引导Always do to the others as you would be done by.希望别人怎样待你，你就怎样待人三定语从句指在主从复合句中充当定语的句子，在句中修饰名词、代词，常由关系代词which, that, who(m), whose及关系副词when, where, why等引导。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放先行词后做后置定语1. 当先行词表示人时，定语从句用关系代词that, who, whom引导。当先行词表物时，定语从句用关系词that或which。当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。 that可指人，也可指物，在从句中可作主语，宾语。作宾语可省 which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，作宾语时可省，可以引导非限制性定语从句，有时可与that互换。 who, whom, whose指人，who在从句中做主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.The package which/that you are carrying is too heavy.Please pass me the book whose/of which cover is green.2. 当引导词在句中作状语时不可用that, which, who(m)等关系代词，而应用关系副词。表示时间用when,表示地点用where, 表示原因用why。但这些关系副词可转换为“介词+关系代词”形式。Beijing is the place where/in which I was born.3. 其他注意事项 表示物时只能用that引导定语从句的情况 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much none, the one等不定代词时 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等词修饰时（当先行词是人时，也可用关系代词who或whom） 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 当先行词同时含有物和人时 主句中已有疑问词who或which时 Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 表示物时只用which不用that的情况 当关系代词前使用介词时 在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主语隔开，若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句）中 指人时，当先行词为everybody, anybody, everyone, anyone等时要用who,不用that 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个用who The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用thatEdison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before注意：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数要和先行词一致one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数谓语动词 the (only) one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数谓语动词Titanic is one of the best movies that have been produced in Hollywood.Titanic is the (only) one of the best movies that has been produced in Hollywood四主语从句在句中作主语的名词性从句叫主语从句。主语从句的谓语动词通常用三人称单数。主语从句可直接位于句首。但如主语从句长，可用it充当形式主语代替主语从句，把主语从句后置。记住下列主语从句常用结构：It is said that据说 It is reported that据报道It is announced that.据宣布 It is (well) known that众所周知It is believed that人们相信 It is supposed that人们希望It is hoped that希望 It is suggested that有人建议It must be remembered that务必记住注意：有些情况下谓语动词的单复数应和表语保持一致 What we need are doctors and nurses. What we need is time.五同位语从句同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位语从句引导词为that,有时根据需要也可以用when, where等His opinion that we must take good care of our earth sounds reasonable. They have no idea at all where he has gone.注意:同位语从句的that在句中不作句子成分，也无词义，但不能省。而定语从句中的that除了引导从句外，还是从句的一个成分，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省。六表语从句在句中作连系动词的表语的从句，位于主句中系动词后 That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.练习1.Well play snowmanit snows heavily this afternoon.A. if B. although C. unless D. but2.Ididnt know_they could pass the exam or not.A.why B.when C.that D.whether3.I dont think Ben did such a stupid thing_?A.do I B.did I C.did he D.does he4.Newton was playing under an apple tree_an apple fell onto his headA.when B.while C.after D.before5.The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children,isnt it?Yes,it has built many schools_those children can study happilyA.where B.when C.which D.why 6.During the holiday I visited Shaolin Temple_lies in the west of Zhengzhou. A.where B.which C.who D.what7.Jims mother let him watch TV after he finished his homework.（同义句）Jims mother_let him watch TV _he finished his homework.8.The TV play is so interesting that we like to see it again（改为同义句）It is_ _intereting TV play _we like to see it again.9.When people in the United States have guests(1)_when they are invited to a get-together,they usually try to make others feel comfortable(2)_ relaxed.Generally,they tend to be informal.Men shake hands,(3)_usually only (4)_theyare introduced.Male friends and business associates(5)_ havent seen each other for a time may shake hands. When a woman (6)_ a man are introduced,shaking hands is decided by the woman.American women become more(7)_more independent.They go to places by themselves,earn their own money,(8)_often live alone ,Sometimes they will ask men for help,(9)_they usually dont want to be peotected.American women may start conversations with men (10)_even ask them to dance.10.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person_she could turn for help A.that B.to whom C.from whom D.who11.Please pass me the dictionary _is blackA.its cover B.which cover C.of which the cover D.cover of which12.There are forty-five students in our class,_are from the neardy villages A.one-third of who B.one-third of whichC.one-third of them D.one-third of whom13.This is the student_you took the message yesterday.A.whose father B.to whose father C.to his father D.his father14.There isnt much_I can doA.what B.which C.that D.how15.Tell us about the people and the places_are different from oursA.that B.who C.which D.whom16.Last Sunday they reached Qingdao,_a conference was to be heldA.which B.that C.when D.where17.Is this the museum_you visited the other day?A.that B.where C.in which D.the one18.This is the very film_Ive long wished to seeA.which B.that C.who D.whom19.There is no difficulty_ cant be overcome in the worldA.that B.which C.who D.what20.Who is the person_is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A.who B.that C.which D.whom21.The house_the capitalist used to live in is now a nurseryA.that B.where C.what D.when22.The house_we live is not bigA. in that B.which C.in which D.that23.单句改错This is the factory where we visited last weekThis is the watch for which Tom is lookingThe person to who you spoke is a student of Grade TwoThe house in that we live is very smallThe sun gives off light and warmth,that makes it possible for plants to grow24.The WTO can not live up to its name _it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankindA.as long as B.while C.if D.even though25.John shut everybody out of the kitchen_he could prepare his grand surprise for the partyA.which B.when C.so that D.as if26.He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation_it got worse, A.until B.when C.before D.as27.-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?-Yes.He had never praised him _he became one of the top students in his grade A.after B.unless C.until D.when28.You can eat food free in my restaurant _you like A.whenever B.whereever C.whatever D.however29.Scientists say ir may be five or six years_it is possible to test this medicine on hunman patientsA.sice B.after C.before D.when 30. This house is _my father painted by himself.A.that B.which C.the one D./31. _we cant get seems better than _we haveA.What,/ B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what32.-What did Jack ask you just now?-He wanted to know how long_when I reached the cinemaA.had the film been on B.the film had startedC.the film had lasted D.had the film ended33.I dont have to introduce him to you _you know the boyA.until B.unless C.since D.but 34._hamburgers are junk food,many children like themA.If B.Unless C.Because D.Although35.We should do_we can _those endangered animalsA.that,to save B.which,save C.that ,save D.what ,to svae36._you go ,_you do, I will be right here waiting for youA.If,if B.Wherever,whatever C.where,what37.If you dontgo to the mall this weekend,_A.he will,too B.he wont,either C.neither he will D.he doesnt ,either38.I arrived at the airport_the plane had taken off. A.after B.while C.when D.before40.Our hometown is quite different from_beforeA.that it was B.what it was C.which it was D.when it was41._she succeeded in finishing her tasks remains a secretA.What B.If C.How D.Who42.Is this the reason_at the meeting for carelessness in his work?A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explained43.We are living in an age_many things are done on computerA.which B.that C.whose D.when44._the days went on, the weather got worseA.With B.Since C.While D.As45.-What was the party like?-Its years_ I enjoyed myself so muchA.after B.when C.before D.since46._you have tried it on, you cant imagine how pretty the new style skirt is.A.Because B.Although C.Unless D.When47.I wont go to her party unless my best friend Tom_A.will invite B.will be invited C.is invited D.invites48.Franklin told them all_to be in Britain againA.he was how happy B.how happy he wasC.how was he happy D.he was happy how49.Jane is one of the students in the class_have ever been to ChinaA.who B.whose C.which D.whom50.I still remember the time_we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year A.when B.what C.who D.which51.Mr. Smith_ is smoking is looking for_he lost yesterdayA.whom;which B.who;what C.that;who D.which;where52.Nobody knows_A.how will our future look like B.what will our future be likeC.how our future will look like D.what our future will be like53.I was chatting with my friends on the phone_my mother came in A.while B.when C.as D.since54.In order to choose the right one, she first asked me_I want to use a dictionary forA.what B.why C.how D.whether55.Customers are asked to make sure that they_the right charge be-fore leaving the shopA.will give B.have been given C.have given D.will be given56._Tom didint go to school?A.Do you know how B.Why do you knowC.How you know why D.Do you know why57.Marys mother asked her_A.that whether she had finished her homeworkB.if she has finished her homeworkC.if she had finished her homeworkD.that if she had finished her homework58.The hostess said that it_time that they _supper.A.was; had B.was;had had C.is; have D.is; have had59.He said,“Dont do that again”He_me_that againA. said to; not to do B. siad to; dont do C. told; dont do D. told; not to do60.He always think of_ he can work better.A. what B. how C. who D.which61.The photographs will show you_.A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look