中考英语重点单词短语.doc

2016中考英语：重点单词短语用法大总结
◆1.cost/take/spend/pay花费
花费时间做某事：It takes sb sometime to do sth.=sb spend sometime(in)doing sth.=sb spend some time on sth.
　某人花钱买某物： sb spend some money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money .
　　※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。
　　※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?
　　The sweater ________ me 90 yuan . =I_______ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater .
　　He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone .
　　It ________ her 20 minutes to go home everyday . = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day .
　　◆2 . thanks for为…而感谢
　　⑴ ______inviting me to your birthday party .
　　thanks to 多亏/由于
　　⑵______ your help.I got good grades .
　　◆3 . 感叹句：多么… what + 名词
　　how + 形容词 / 副词
　　⑴. ______ bad weather !⑵. ______ hard he works !
　　⑶. ______ fresh vegetables ! ⑷. ______ cute a monkey it is !
　　◆4 . 因为、由于： because( 连词 ) +从句： ( 表示原因 )
　　because of(介词短语) + 名词(短语 )= thanks to
　　⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache .
　　He was late for class ______ the bad weather.
　　He can’t come _____ he is ill .
　　Many people have a cold _____ the cold weather .
　　※because和 so不能同时连用 .
　　◆5 . 来自： be from = come from
　　⑴ Where are you from ? = Where ______ you ______ ______ ?
　　⑵ He is from Tibet . = He ______ ______ Tibet .
◆6 . How often 对频率提问( 多久一次) →回答用表示频率的副词或短语
　　How long 对一段时间提问 (多久 ) →回答用表示一段时间的状语
　　How soon 对将来时间提问 ( 多久 ) →回答用 in+时间段
　　How far 询问多长距离(多长)
　　⑴- ______ have you been collecting the kites ? -For ten years .
　　⑵- ______ do you go shopping ? -Sometimes.
　　⑶ - ______will your father come back ? - In two years .
　　⑷- _____ do you exercise ? - Once a week .
　　⑸- _____ is it from your home to school ? - About ten miles .
　　⑹- _____ are you staying there ? - Two weeks .
　　◆7 . 乘交通工具： take a / the +交通工具在句中作谓语
　　by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语
　　交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…
　　⑴ He takes a bus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes to bank on a bus .
　　⑵ I walk to school . = I go to school ______ .
　　※骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car
　　◆8 . 对不起： Excuse me (劳驾，客套话)
　　Sorry ( 表示道歉 )
　　⑴ ______.Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ?
　　⑵–Would you mind cleaning your room ? - ______ . I’ll do it right away .
　　⑶- Don’t eat in class . - _____ . Ms Clark .
　　⑷ _____ , is this the way to the station ?
　　◆9 . 声音： sound ( 自然界各种声音 )
　　noise(噪音)
　　voice(悦耳的声音：嗓子)
　　⑴Lucy has a sweet______ . ⑵That ______ like agood idea .
　　⑶Don’t make ______ . The baby is sleeping .
◆10 . look like (外貌看起来像… )
　　be like ( 性格像… )
　　⑴Lily _____ _____Lucy . Oh , they are twins .
　　⑵ Tony______ ______ a monkey because he is cute and playful .
　　◆11 . take… to …带去
　　bring…to …带来
　　fetch 没有方向性(强调来回)
　　⑴ Tony .______ the ball here .Please .
　　⑵ My father often ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays .
　　⑶ ______your homework _____ school tomorrow .
　　◆12. 一些： some 用于肯定句
　　any 用于否定句和疑问句
　　⑴ I’d like ______ milk .
　　⑵–Would you like______ yogurt ?
　　_ Thanks . I don’t want______ .
　　※在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some .
　　◆13. 多少： How many修饰可数名词复数
　　How much 修饰不可数名词
　　⑴ ______juice do you want ? ⑵ ______apples do you want ?
　　⑶- ______is the T-shirt ? –It’s 30 yuan .
　　※ How much可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ?
◆14.看 ：see 强调看的结果
　　look ( at ) 不及物动词，强调看的动作
　　watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影
　　read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志
　　⑴Don’t______ in bed .
　　⑵ We will______ a basketball game this evening .
　　⑶ Please ______the blackboard . Everyone .
　　⑷ I ______ a bird in the tree yesterday .
　　※On Saturday night . I saw an interesting talk show .
　　On Saturday evening . several kids watched a movie . watch a movie =go to a movie
　　◆15. stop doing sth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking.
　　stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事
　　⑴ The girl soon stopped ______ (cry ) . ⑵ He wastired and stopped ______ (have ) a rest .
　　◆16. forget /remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：
　　△forget /remember to do sth(忘记/记得去做某事)→ He forgot to turn off the light .(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post office after school .
　　forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：
　　△forget /remember doing sth(忘记/记得做过某事)→ He forgot turning off the light .(已做过关灯的动作) Don’t you remember seeing the man before ?
　　◆17. 到达… reach + 地点
　　get to + 地点 reach = get to
　　arrive + in + 大地点
　　arrive + at + 小地点
　　⑴ He reached London yesterday . = He ______ to London yesterday . =He ______ in London yesterday .
　　⑵ Shearrived ______ the bus station just now . ⑶ You should______ ( get ) home on time .
　　※当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to
◆18. 擅长，在…方面做得好： be good at = do well in .
　　⑴ She is good at chemistry . = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry .
　　⑵ Niuniu is good at ______ the violin . = Niuniu ______ well in______ the violin .
　　⑶ Lucy and Lily are twin girls .Lucy is better ______ dancing than Lily .but Lily ___________ in singing than Lucy .
　　◆19. win (赢得 )接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize
　　beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。
　　⑴ Which team______ the football match ?
　　⑵ Wang Hao______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles .
　　◆20. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb .sth 向某人借某物→borrow借入
　　lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出
　　keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。
　　⑴ Can you lend me your bike ? = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ?
　　⑵ You can borrow some money ____ your brother . = You can borrow your brother ____ ____.
　　⑶ - How long can I ______ the book ?
　　- You can _____ it for two weeks .
　　※类似用法的还有：buy — have put on — wear become — be
　　leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on
　　die — be dead return — be back
　　① become He has ______ a doctor .
　　He has ______ a doctor for 10 years .
　　② begin The film has ______ .
　　The film has _________ for ten minutes .
◆21. 能，会。be able to
　　can
　　※情态动词后面都接动词原形。
　　⑴ We should______ able to finish the work tomorrow .
　　⑵ I can______ (play) the guitar .⑶ He ______able toplay chess .
　　◆22. too many 太多— 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house .
　　too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→Maybe you have too much yin .
　　much too太— 后跟形容词或副词原级→ This coat is much too expensive .
　　⑴ Eating_____ ______ is bad for your health .
　　⑵ It’s ______ ______cold today . You’d better not go out.
　　⑶There are____________ students in the hallways . It’s dangerous.
　　◆23. have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing . (现在不在北京)
　　have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing . (现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中)
　　have/has been in / at在某地
　　⑴I have ever_______ ______ America twice .
　　⑵ He has______ ______ Beijing for ten years .
　　⑶– Where is your brother ?
　　- He______ ______ to Hainan .
　　⑷ _____ you ever ______ ______ Disneyland ?
　　◆24. used to do sth .过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean .
　　be(get)used to doing sth .习惯于做某事→ I’m not used to getting up early .
　　be used to do sth = be used for doing sth .被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing .
　　⑴ XiaoGang______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark .
　　⑵ The broom is ______ ______ clean the room . = The broom is ____________ cleaning the room.
　　⑶ He ____________ ______ living countryside .There is fresh air and sweet well .
　　⑷ Wood __________ _____ making paper .
◆25. belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 (属于)
　　be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 (是)
　　⑴It must ______Ning’s .= It must _________ Ning .
　　⑵ The pencil must be ______ (my) . = The pencil must belong to ______(my) .
　　⑶ This ball______ to me .= This ball is ______ .
　　◆26. can’t 不可能 0
　　表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪
　　must 肯定、一定 100﹪
　　⑴ The CD_____ belong to Tony . because he likes listening to music .
　　⑵ The notebook ______ be mine .It has my name on it .
　　⑶ The toy______ be my grandpa . After all .He is an old man .
　　◆27. be made from (由…制成)看不出原材料
　　be made of (由…制成)看得出原材料
　　⑴ The table______ ______ ______ wood .
　　⑵ Paper______ ______ ______ wood .
　　◆28. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事
　　prefer sth . to sth . 喜欢…而不喜欢…
　　prefer doing sth . to doing sth . 喜欢做…而不喜欢做…
　　⑴ I prefer______ (swim) to ______ (play) balls . ⑵ He_______fish to beef .
　　⑶ I prefer to ______ (walk) to work .
◆29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词： —ed 修饰人 —ing 修饰物
　　⑴ I want to go somewhere ______ (relaxing/relaxed) .
　　⑵ She is______ in this ______ history story .(interesting/interested )
　　※ interesting(有趣的) — interested(感兴趣的) tiring(累人的)— tired(累的，疲倦的)
　　boring (令人无聊的)— bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)—excited(激动的)
　　surprising(令人惊讶的) — surprised(惊讶的)
　　relaxing(令人放松的) — relaxed(放松的)
　　embarrassing (令人尴尬的;令人为难的) — embarrassed(尴尬的;为难的)
　　◆30. So + 助/系/情态 + 主语表示肯定意义(…也是如此)
　　Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义(…也不)
　　※它们都属于倒装句。
　　⑴ My mother didn’t go to school .______ ______ my father.
　　⑵ James comes from the USA .______ ______ Tom .
　　⑶ My pen pal can speak Japanese . ______ ______ I . = Me ______ .
　　⑷ My sister isn’t out going . ______ ______ I .= Me______ .
　　◆31. both 两者都
　　all三者或三者以上都
　　⑴ The twins_____ are good students .
　　⑵ There are lots of colorful flowers on _____ sides of the streets .
　　⑶ There are five people in my family . We ______ like playing sports. My parents ______love us . We are very happy .
　　◆32. alone 单独，独自一人→He is alone at home .
　　lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives alonely life in the country .
　　⑴ Sometime she feels quite _____ because he has no friends .
　　⑵ She lives_____ in that large house .
◆33 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree .
　　on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree .
　　⑴ How many monkeys can you see _____ the tree ?
　　⑵ There area lot of bananas_____ the tree .
　　◆34. in the wall 指在墙体内
　　on the wall 指在墙体表面
　　⑴ There is a map _____ the wall .
　　⑵ There is a door _____ the wall .
　　◆35. on the bed 指物品在床上→My bag is on the bed .
　　in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed .
　　⑴ There is a jacket ___________ .
　　⑵ I have to be ________ by ten o’clock .
　　◆36. 引导结果状语从句：so和such(如此…以至于…)
　　so是副词，后接adj和adv .句型：
　　△so+adj/adv+that从句→He worked so hard that he got the firstprize .
　　△so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句 = such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→That was so interesting a story that Iread it twice .= That was such an interesting story that I read it twice .
　　such是形容词，后接n.句型：
　　△such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him .
　　△such+pl./不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming .
　　⑴ He runs____fast ____ we can’catch him. ⑵ Lili is____a kind girl ____we all love her .
　　⑵ Tom is ____a clever boy that he can answer the question .= Tom is____ clever a boy that he can answer the question .
　　⑶ The box is_____ heavy _____ I can’t carry it .
　　※在名词前有many / much /few / little这些词修饰时，要用so…that 。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如：
　　He is so young that he can’t go to school .
　　= He is too young to go to school .
　　= He is not old enough to go to school .
◆37. 引导时间状语从句：
　　when + 延续性/短暂性动词→When I was watching TV , he came in . = When he came in , I was watching TV .
　　while+延续性动词(多用进行时)→While I was in Shanghai ,I visited him .
　　⑴ _____ he was sleeping . Someone knocked at the door .= He was sleeping _____ someone knocked at the door .
　　⑵ _____ the boy heard his mother’s voice , he stopped crying .
　　⑶ My mother was cooking _____ I was doing my homework ..
　　◆38. at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换。
　　I began to play football when I was five years old . = I began to play football ________ ____ ____ five .
　　◆39.instead 放句首、句末
　　instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than .
　　⑴ I will go to see her ______ you . ⑵ He doesn’t like beer. give him coke ______ .
　　⑶ We often sing English song ______ reading aloud .
　　◆40. 看起来像是…似乎/好像… (sb/sth)seems to do sth
　　It seems that +从句
　　⑴ It_____ _____ he feels very sad . = He _____ _____ _____ very sad.
　　⑵ She seems to want to have a drink .= _____ _____ that she _____ to have a drink .
◆41. “疑问词 + 动词不定式”与“宾语从句”的互换。
　　⑴ I will show you where you should go .= I will show you _____ __________ .
　　⑵ I don’t know what to do . =I don’t know what _____ .A should I do B I should do
　　⑶ Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace ?= Could you tell me how _____ _____ _____Summer Palace ?
　　※宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell me ____ ____ ____ ____ (天气如何)in Chongqi?
　　◆42. 问题/难题 question由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask / answer搭配使用。
　　problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与solve /work out 搭配。
　　⑴ Please answer my________ in English . ⑵ I can’t work out this maths _______.
　　⑶ This is a difficult_______ to answer .
　　◆43.family家/家庭(强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关)→My family are kind people .
　　home 家(指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩)→Welcome to my home .
　　house 房子/住宅(居住的建筑物)→They moved to their new house last year .
　　⑴ How many people are there in your _____? ⑵ I want to save money and buy a big ____.
　　⑶ I love Chengdu , I looked Chengdu as my ______ .
　　◆44.in front of (在…前面) 在某一范围以外的前面→There is a tall tree in front of our classroom .
　　in the front of (在…前部) 在某一范围内的前面→Two persons are sitting in the front of the car .
　　⑴ The policeman stands____________ the car . ⑵ The driver sits ____________ the car .
　　◆45. 在晚上，在夜里 at night
　　on + a +adj + night
　　⑴ You shouldn’t go out _____ night. ⑵ He met a thief_____ a cold night .
　　◆46. 在…之间 between (两者之间)多与and连用。
　　among(三者或三者以上的人或物之间)
　　⑴ She is sitting______ Lucy and Lily . ⑵ He built a house ______ the trees .
◆47.sometimes不时;有时(是一般现在时的标志词)→Sometimes I go to school by bus .
　　sometimes 几次(此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”)→He has been to Shanghai some times .
　　sometime 某个时间(表示在过去或将来的某个时候)→ I saw him sometime last year .
　　some time一段时间(此时time是不可数名词)→ He will stay here for some time .
　　⑴ We are going to have a party ________ next week .⑵ _______ the boy is late for school .
　　⑶ He spent _________in cutting hair .So he missed the early bus .
　　⑷ LiJun has been to Bird’s Nest_________ .
　　◆48.wear +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调状态)→Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses .
　　put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调动作)→Kate puts on her hat and goes out .
　　be in + 颜色/服饰(强调状态)→The girl in red is my sister .
　　dress + 人/反身代词 (给某人穿) →She dresses her daughter every morning .
　　⑴ You’d better ______ your coat . ⑵ She was_______ a flower in her hair .
　　⑶ The boy ______ white is my friend . ⑷ He is too young to______ himself .
　　⑸ Miss Li often _____the white sports shoes .
　　※ dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物(穿着…颜色的衣服)→He is dressed in a black coat .他常穿着黑色的外套。
　　◆ 49.play+ 球类、棋类名词(不加the )play badminton/ play chess / play computer games
　　play the+乐器名词。(必须加the) play the violin
　　⑴ -Do you like to play ______ football after class , Li Lei ?
　　- Yes ,I do . A .a B .the C . /
　　⑵ Sam can’t play ________(piano), but he can play ________ (chess) .
　　◆50.There be 强调“某处有…” have 强调“某人有…”
　　⑴ ________two computers in the room . ⑵ My uncle _______ a car .
　　※当表示整体与局部的关系时，there be与have可互换使用。如：There are twelve months in a year .= A year has twelve months . 一年有十二个月。
◆51.speak 指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。
　　say强调说的内容。say sth.to sb.→Please say hello tohim .
　　talk指相互之间的谈话。talk