形容词的比较级和最高级知识讲解及练习整理.doc

形容词的比较级和最高级知识讲解及练习2Task1. 形容词的主要句法功能（让学生举例说明）1. 做定语，放于名词前或不定代词后。如：I have something interesting to tell you.2. 做表语，放于系动词后。如：The book is very useful.3. 做宾语补足语，放在keep, make, leave, find等动词的宾语后做宾语补足语。如：Dont keep the door closed.4. 以a-开头的形容词alive, asleep, afraid, alone等一般只做表语（alive 有时可做后置定语）5. the 加上某些形容词相当于名词，表示某一类人或事物。如：The blind need help. 6. 修饰表示长度、宽度和厚度等计量单位的词时，要后置。如：half a meter deep7. 下列以 - ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly, silly, lovely,lonely,lively等。8. 多个形容词作定语时顺序，“限观形龄颜国材”。如: a small old blank wooden deskTask2.副词的主要句法功能（学生举例说明）9. 做状语，修饰形容词副词，通常放在所修饰词之前；修饰动词时，一般放在被修饰词之后；位于句首，修饰整个句子。Luckily, he wasnt badly hurt.10. 做定语，一般放在所修饰词之后。如：the people here, the man upstairs11形容词变副词规则变化 ： 直接加 ly 以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-ly”le结尾变le为 ly Eg: possible- possibly terrible- terrible comfortable comfortably simplesimply gentle-gently本身既是形容词也是副词 fast ,early , high , hard , late ,far ,wide ,alone初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词 true -truly不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有：widely, nicely, closely, rudely, bravely, extremely, politely12enough 形容词和副词的后面 13hard/hardly几乎不. 常见的形容词及比较级和最高级的构成（1）规则变化：单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er Eg: calm-calmer tall-taller smart-smarter以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r Eg: nice-nicer fine-finer large-larger以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er” Eg: early-earlier happy-happier busy-busier以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er Eg: big-bigger thin-thinner hot-hotter多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more Eg: popular-more popular important-more important（2）特殊变化： 原级比较级最高级goo/ wellbetterbestmany/ muchmoremostbad / badly（坏地）worseworstlittlelessleastoldOlder（年龄）/ elder(辈份)oldest/ eldestfarfarther距离/ further（深奥的）farthest/ furthest. 形容词比较级的用法：表示两者（人或物）的比较。表达“A大于B”用 A 比较级+than B . Tom比我胖。 Tom is _ (fat) than me. 他的头发比我的短。His hair is _(short) than _. He has _ (short) hair than _. (注意比较对象的一致性). 英语比语文重要。English is _ (important) than Chinese. 我来的比你晚。I come _ (late) than you.（副词的比较级）表达“A和B一样”，用 A as 原级 as B他和我一样高。 He is as _ (tall) as I/me.英语比语文重要。English is as _ (important) as Chinese.他的头发和我的头发一样长。His hair is _ _ _ mine.他学习和你一样努力。He works _ hard _ you. 表达“A不如B”，用A not+as/so+原级+as+B。 辆车不像那辆车一样贵。This car is _ _ _（expensive） that one. =This car is _ _ / than that one. =That car is _ _ than this one.今天没有昨天暖和。Today _ _ _(warm) _ yesterday. =Yesterday _ _ than today.他昨天来得没有我早。He _ come _ (early)as I (did) yesterday. =He came _ than I yesterday.(同级和比较级的同义句转换)4比较级前可用much / a lot / far( 得多)，a little/bit（稍微）, even（甚至）等表示程度He is much _( well) today. Its much _ (expensive).He is very _ (well) today. Its too _ (expensive)5.在两者之间选择哪一个更，用比较级.Which /Who,A or B?谁跑得快些，Lucy 还是Lily？ Who runs _, Lucy or Lily?6.如果在两者之间表示“最”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语： 约翰是两个男孩子中较聪明的一个。John is the cleverer of the two boys. Of the two boys, John is the cleverer.这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。This watch is of the two.7.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。我比他大两岁。 I am two years _ _ he. 这个建筑比那个建筑高20米。This building is 20 meters _ _that one. “比较级 +and+ 比较级”表示“越来越” 天气越来越冷了。Its getting _ and _(cold)比赛越来越有趣。The game is (interesting)注意:多音节形容词用此句型时，要用more and more +形容词原级；而不能用more beautiful and more beautiful “The+ 比较级，the+ 比较级”表示“越，就越越多越好 The _, the _.他越忙就越高兴。_ _he is, _ _he feels. “用twice 等表示倍数的词+ as +原级as”表示甲是乙的几倍。 “用twice 等表示倍数的词+比较级than ”表示甲是乙的几倍。这间房是那间房面积的两倍。This room is _ as big as that one. =This room is _bigger than that one注意：在英语中，两倍用twice，而不用two times，三倍以上用three，fourtimes。同义引申高high /tall/long etc. 形容词最高级的用法：1.表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较,其中有一个超过其他几个。形容词最高级前要加the，副词最高级前常省略the, 后面通常带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围（of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in 表示时间或空间范围）。在我们班上他最高。 He is _ ( tall) _ our class.玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。Mary is _ (young) _ the three students.2. 形容词最高级的前面常有the，my等形容词性物主代词，Chinas名词所有格，最高级前不加theThis is _ _ day. 这是我最忙的一天。Jack is _ _ friend. 杰克是吉姆最好的朋友The Changjiang River is _ _ river.长江是中国最长的河流。3 在whichA ,B orC_? 句中，表示三者或三者以上比较Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?太阳，月亮，地球，哪一个最大？4. 形容词最高级表示“最.之一”时，可用“one of the+最高级+复数名词”Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world.爱迪生是世界上最为大的发明家之一。 5“the +序数词+最高级”表示“第几个最”； The Yellow River is the second longest river in China6.比较级和最高级的同义句转换He is the tallest boy in his class.He is taller than any other boy in his class.IV 几点注意1.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 ( ) China is larger than any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia.( ) China is larger than any country in Europe. 2要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 上海的人口比北京的人口多（ ）The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.（ ）The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 我们的教师比他们的明亮的多。（ ）Our classroom is brighter than _ A. them B their C theirs