外研版英语必修一module3、4知识点提纲.doc

英语必修一Module 3、4 知识点总结一、 Language points1、 means n.(often pl.) 方式，方法（单复数同形） by all means 当然，务必 by no means 绝不，并没有 by means of 用方法，依靠 辨析：mean v. 意欲，打算 mean to do sth 打算做 mean doing sth 意味着 mean to have done sth = had meant to do sth 原打算做某事实际未做 用方法（注意介词搭配） by means of in this way with the method of 2、refer to a提到，说起 He never referred to his sisters in his letters.他在信里从未提到过他的姊妹。 b参考，咨询，查资料 If you dont know what this means, refer to the dictionary. 如果你不知道这是什么意思，去查字典。 c有关，针对 The new law doesnt refer to the land used for farming. 新法与耕地无关。 d提交（某人或某机关考虑办理或决定） They referred their plan to the government. 他们将计划提交了管理部门。 e认为起源于；认为与有关；有归属于；归功(或咎)于；归于 Mr White referred his success to his hard work. 怀特先生说他的成功是靠勤劳工作而获得的。拓展：查字典 refer to / turn to the dictionary look sth up in the dictionary refer to sth/sb 提到某物/某人，意指某物，涉及某人 refer to as 将称为3、take off a(鸟等)起跳；跳起来；(飞机等)起飞The plane took off from the airport and headed south towards Hong Kong. 飞机从机场起飞往南向香港飞去。b脱下(衣帽、鞋子等)，脱掉；拿掉，取下；移去；拆下，拆掉 He took off his coat and sat down. 他脱下大衣坐了下来。 to take off ones glasses 摘下眼镜c出发；匆匆离开 The professor took off for Shanghai this morning. 教授今天上午动身去上海了。d中止，中断；停止(演出)，取消；(使火车、公共汽车等)停运The show had to be taken off because of poor audiences.因观众太少而不得不取消演出。e将调离工作；休假，休息；美国方言缺勤，旷工，旷课 He took two weeks off from work. 他歇工两星期。4、come from + 地点 来自于（地方）5、get on a(使)登上公共汽车(或火车等)；(使)骑上自行车(或马等)Before you can learn to ride a horse, you have to be able get on it.你要学会骑马，必须先会上马。 b穿上(衣服等)；戴上(帽子等)；盖上(盖子等) Get on your rubbers, we have to go out in the rain. 穿上你的胶鞋，我们必须在雨天外出。6、get offa(使)下车，(使)下马Excuse me, I have to get off at the next stop. 劳驾，我必须在下一站下车。 b(从)下来，(从)下去 That roof is dangerous, do get off. 那房顶太危险，千万要下来。 c(使)离开；(使)动身 We have to get off early tomorrow. 我们明天一早必须动身。 d(从)脱下(衣服等)；拿开(某物) Her finger had swollen so much that she couldnt get her ring off.她的手指肿得很厉害，连戒指都取不下来了。 链接：get about 四处走动 get back 回来，取回，继续 get behind 落后 get down to 开始做 get out 逃离，泄露，生产，公布 get together 相聚，聚集 get on 上车 get around 传播 get away 逃离，离开 get over 爬过；克服；熬过 get in 进入；收获；收（税等） get rid of 除掉，摆脱 get through 通过；做完；看完 get up 起床，起身 get along / on (with) 相处；进展7、more than (用法) more than + 数词 含“以上、超过”之意 Judging from his appearance, he is more than 40. 从他的外表判断，他40多岁了。 more than + 名词 表示“多于”、“非但尤其是”Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 杰森不仅是一名演讲者，还是名作家。 more than + 形容词 “很、非常”的意思 I assure you I am more than glad to help you. 我确信，我很乐意帮助你。 链接： 在“more.than.”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，约等于“是而不是、与其说不如说”Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.听到吵闹的噪声，男孩是惊讶而不是害怕。He is more a scholar than a teacher. 与其说他是位教师毋宁说他是位学者。 not more than 有两种用法:a后接名词 作不超过、至多解。There are not more than five books in the case. 箱子里至多有五本书。b后接从句往往为not more.than形式,作还比不上解。本句型侧重点往往在后一个分句,译成汉语时,仍按原来的语序。I am not more mad than you. 我哪里像你那么疯。This book is not more interesting than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 no more than = not any more than 后接名词(=only)作不过,仅仅解。 He is no more than a puppet. 他不过是个傀儡。重点比较以下两组：1）nor more than 与 not more than用法no more than的意思是“只不过”，not more than的意思是“不多于”。试比较：This room is no bigger than that. 这个房间并不比那个大。 (有“两个房间都不大”的含义)This room is not bigger than that one.这个房间不比那个大。 (没有“两个房间都不大或都不小”的含义)2）no less than 和not less than 用法no less than的意思是“不亚于”，not less than的意思是“不少于”。试比较： There were no less than a thousand people at the meeting.到会的有一千人之多。(有“到会人多”的含义)There were not less than one thousand people at the meeting.到会的至少有一千人。(没有“到会人多或人少”的含义) 拓展：more than 与其说 倒不如说 no more than 与 同样不 （表示前后比较对象程度相当） the more the more 越 就越 no more than 仅仅，只有 more or less 或多或少 more and more 越来越多 once more 再次，又一次 not any more = no more 不再8、spend a用(钱)，花费 He spent too much money on horse racing. 他在赌赛马上花了很多钱。 b耗费，花费(时间、精力等)；度过You really shouldnt spend so much effort on it. 你真不该在这件事上花费这么大的精力。 c耗尽，用尽(气力等)：He spent all his energy climbing up the hill. 他耗尽全身气力爬上了山顶。 搭配：花费时间/金钱做某事 spend time / money on sth. spend time / money (in) doing sth. 辨析：spend, pay, cost 与 take易混词辨析例句spend人+spend+时间/金钱+(in)doing / on sthTom spent 15 yuan (in) buying/on the book.pay人+pay+金钱+for+物Tom paid 15 yuan for the book.cost事/物+cost+人+时间/金钱The book cost Tom 15 yuan.takeIt+takes+人+时间/精力+to do sth.It took me much time to study the report.9、journey n. & v. 旅行 拓展：go on a journey 去旅行 be on a journey 在旅行中 take / make a journey 旅行 辨析：journey, tour, travel, trip 与 voyage易混词辨析例句journey指从一地出发直达目的地的长途旅行We made a journey from Paris to Berlin.tour强调旅行一周再转回原出发地a round the world tour 环球旅行travel无直达目的地之意，指不同方向的旅行write an account of ones travels写一部游记trip指休闲或因商的短途旅行a trip to the seaside 海滨之行voyage强调较远距离的水上、空中旅行make a voyage across the Atlantic10、look like a看起来像；与相似 He looks like a southerner. 他看起来像是一个南方人。 b看来要；好像要 It looks like rain. 看来要下雨。 链接：Look before you leap. 【谚】三思而后行。 look after 照顾，照料 look ahead 向前看，考虑将来 look around 寻找；参观 look at 看着 look back 回忆，回顾 look down on 轻视，瞧不起 look for 寻找 look into 调查 look forward to 期盼 look over 检阅，检查 look up 查阅；抬头看 look out 小心 look out of 向.外看11、abandon a放弃；弃绝；绝望；断念 He abandoned all hope. 他放弃一切希望。 b丢弃(信仰等)；(不顾信义、义务、责任等而)遗弃，抛弃(妻儿等) The man shamelessly abandoned his wife and child for another woman.那个男人无耻地抛弃了妻儿，另觅新欢。 c放纵;纵情;无拘无束;使沉溺于After his mother died, he abandoned himself to grief. 他母亲死后，他悲伤不已。 拓展：abandon oneself to sth. 沉湎于，沉溺于，纵情于，放纵于，恣意；委身于 辨析：abandon 指不得已而“放弃，遗弃”，desert 指“逃避义务或违背誓约”。12、talk to sb. a跟某人说话 The teacher talked to his students individually. 老师找学生们个别谈话。b 口语训斥，责备，对直言不讳 She talked to the pupil about his grammar mistakes. 她找学生谈话，批评他犯语法错误。 拓展：talk back to sb. 和某人顶嘴 13、listen to a听 We are listening to him playing the piano. 我们在听他们弹钢琴。 b仔细听；听取(意见等)；认真思考 We should listen closely to the outspoken criticisms. 我们应该仔细倾听直言不讳的批评。14、a long time ago = long long ago 很久以前15、a way to 的方法、途径 拓展：an answer to .的答案 a key to .的关键16、try doing sth. 试着做某事 链接：try to do sth. = try ones best to do sth. 努力做某事17、bring sth. from sw. 从某处带来某物18、be short for 是的缩写Alex can be short for Alexander. Alex 是Alexander 的缩写。拓展：be short of = lack 缺乏；短少 to be short 简单的说，简言之 in short 简言之，总之 for short 简略为，缩写19、比较级的表达：（一般句式的构成） A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + BShe is taller than me. 她比我高。拓展：1）表示“较低或不及”用less原级形容词than。I am less young than him. 我不比他年轻。 2）表示“两者之中较”，用the比较级of the two。This one is the bigger of the two houses. 这所房子是两座房子中较大的。 3）用于惯用语。More and more students will enter college.愈来愈多的学生将进入大学。（比较级and比较级表示“愈来愈”。）The cleaner,the better.越干净越好。（用于句型the比较级the比较级，表示“愈愈”。）4）比较形容词可以被副词，如a little(一点)，much(得多)，even(更加)等修饰，但不可用very修饰。中文：现在的生活比二十年前的生活轻松得多了。(误)Life is very easier than it was twenty years ago.(正)Life is much easier than it was twenty years ago.20、supply v. & n. 供应，供给；储备拓展：be in short supply 供应不足，不充裕 supply and demand 供求关系辨析：supply, offer 与 provide易混词辨析supplysupply sb with sth / supply sth to sb 为某人提供某物offeroffer sb sth / offer sth to sb （主动）为某人提供某物provideProvide sb with sth / provide sth for sb 给某人提供某物21、return with sth. 带着回来 22、product n.(自然的)产物；（人工的）制品，作品辨析：product, production 与 produce易混词辨析product可数名词，指工厂制造的用来出售的新产品或自然产品，如木材、煤等production不可数名词时，指“生产、产量”；可数名词时，指供剧院或广播电台等上演或播放的戏剧、电影等produce不可数名词，指销售时未经多大改变的农产品23、世纪、年代的表达方法：世纪、年代前加 the ，后面加 s / s。 如：在20世纪20年代 in the 1920s / in the 1920s 60年代 the 60s / the 60s 链接：在某人岁的时候 in ones + 岁数的复数24、not any more 不再链接：not any more = no more not any longer = no longer 辨析：not.any more表示次数不再继续；而 not .any longer 表示时间不再继续。如：他哭了好几次，他不再哭了。 He didnt cry any more. 他等了很久，不能再等了。 He couldnt wait any longer.25、pass a law 通过一项法律 链接：keep / obey the law 遵守法律 break the law 违反法律26、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 链接：allow doing sth. 允许做某事27、shoot v.射杀；射中；射击 辨析：He is shooting at a bear, but he doesnt shoot it. 他向一只熊射击，但是没射中。28、seaside n.海滨，海边 辨析：cost, beach, shore, bank 与seaside辨析例句cost海岸（海陆相接之线）Looking down the plane, we can see the cost.beach海滩（相对平坦，宜于游泳、日光浴等）I like lying on the beach, enjoying the sunbathshore海滨（笼统指平坦或突兀陡峭的岸边）He often walks on the shore,collecting shells.bank河流、湖泊的岸或堤Can you jump over to the opposite bank?seaside河边、海滨（特指游泳场、休闲地的海边、河滩）Were taking the children to the seaside this Sunday.每学期末写工作总结时,我都要写上这样一句话:“以忠诚于党的教育事业为准则”。如何做到“忠诚”呢?我想应该是：圆满完成教学任务，工作成绩突出。如何使自己在教育竞争的大潮中百战百胜，永站前列呢?我觉得应该是进行教育科学研究。