六年级英语下册随堂笔记.doc

第一模块 How Tall Are You ?

一、常用句型
（一）形容词的比较级句型
A+be动词+形容词的比较级（如：taller,stronger,older）+than+B
A比B更……
例如：
You are taller than your brother .
I am fatter than Xiaojun .

（二）A比B高或重或大或小多少的句型
A + be动词+数字+单位（如：cm,kg）+形容词比较级+ than+ B
例如：
You are 4 cm taller than me .
I am 10 kg heavier than Tom .
John is 2 years younger than her .

（三）描述身高的句型：
主语 +be动词 + 数字+ 长度单位（如：cm、m）+ tall .
例如：
I’m 160 cm tall .
My mother is 1.62 m tall .

（四）询问对方身高、体重、年龄、大小、长度的句型：
问句：How+形容词（如：tall/heavy/old/big/long）+be动词+主语？
答句：主语 +be动词 + 数字+ 单位（如：cm/kg/years）+ 形容词 .
例如：
How tall are you ?
I’m 160 cm tall .
（五）形容词比较级的变化规则

构成方法
原级
比较级
规则变化
一般在词尾加er
tall
high
short
strong
young
taller
higher
shorter
stronger
younger
以字母e结尾的词，加r。
fine
late
finer
later
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加er。
fat
big
thin
fatter
bigger
thinner
以y结尾，并且y前面是辅音字母的词，先把y变为i，再加er。
easy
funny
heavy
easier
funnier
heavier
不规则变化

good
bad/ill
many/much
little

better
worse
more
less

（六）如何用“how”问体貌
How tall are you ?
How old are you ?
How heavy is your brother ?
How long is its tail ?
How big are your hands ?

（七）“one”做代词的用法
one是数字“一”的意思，但有时用它做代词，用来代替上文中已经出现过的单词，以避免重复。例如：
Which monkey do you like ?
I like the yellow one .

（八）“up to…”的含义
“up to…”表示“达到……”，后面常接数字。例如：
each up to 20 cm long
Up to ten people can sleep in this room .
二、常用短语
from shorter to taller from……to……
I wear size 17 . up to……
dive into…… jump out of……
good swimmer have a try
三、单词
dinosaur house schoolbag tall long short strong old young heavy thin big small funny its tail brown think only about hair head hand eye arm leg foot tooth meter ton each squid lobster shark seal deep swimmer little cm（centimeter） than kg（kilogram） even

第二模块 What’s The Matter ?

一、常用句型
（一）关心他人的“What’s the matter ?”
“What’s the matter ?”表示“怎么了？”
例如：
What’s the matter , John ?
I have a toothache .
如果询问具体某个人怎么了时，要用句型“What’s the matter with + 某人?”，例如：
What’s the matter with them/him/her/you ?
类似的句型还有“What’s wrong ?”
What’s wrong , Tom ?
I can’t find my schoolbag .

（二）关心他人的“How are you ?”
“How are you ?”表示“你好吗？”
例如：
How are you , John ?
Fine , thank you .

（三）询问对方的感觉时，可以用以下句型：
How do you feel ?
I feel + 表示感觉的形容词（happy/sad/tired/sick）。
例如：
How do you feel ?
I feel sick .

（四）询问第三方的感觉时，可以用以下句型：
How does he/she/it/John feel ?
He/She/It is + 表示感觉的形容词（happy/sad/tired/sick）。
例如：
How does Amy feel ?
She’s tired .

（五）如何描述对方看起来的状态---“You look +形容词”
“You look +表示状态的形容词（happy/sad/tired）”句型，表示“你看起来…”。“look”在这里是“看起来”的意思，例如：
You look so happy .

（六）听到坏消息应该怎样表示难过---“I’m sorry to hear that”
“I’m sorry to hear that”表示“听到那件事我很难过”
例如：
--- What’s the matter , John ? You look sad today .
--- I failed the math test .
--- I’m sorry to hear that .

（七）现在进行时表示将来
I am going on a big trip .（我将要进行一次长途旅行）
用现在进行时表示将来要发生的事情或动作，常用的动词有：go,come,take等表示位置移动的动词。例如：
He is coming to see you this afternoon .
Miss White is taking her students to the zoo tomorrow .

（八）人人讨厌的“fail”
“fail”表示“不及格；失败”，例如：
I failed the math test .
Did you fail the Chinese test ?

（九）讨人喜欢的“pass”
“pass”表示“通过”，例如：
Amy passed the English test .

“pass”还表示“传递”，“把某物传给某人”可以用“pass sth. to sb.”例如：
John passed the ball to Tom .

（十）表示两者之间的“between”
“between”的意思是“在……之间”，当表示两者之间时，常与“and”搭配，构成“between……and……”结构。例如：
There is a football match between Class 1 and Class 2.
Tom is sitting between John and Amy .

（十一）“another”和“other”的区别
1、“another”表示“又一个”、“另一个”，例如：
Another goal !
Have another cup of tea .
2、“other”前常加定冠词“the”，表示两个人或物中的第二个，意思为“另一个”；表示一组中其它的人或物，意思为“其它的”。例如：
I have two friends . One is Mike , the other is Peter .
Tom is here , but the other boys are at school .

（十二）“laugh”与“laugh at”的区别
1、“laugh”表示“笑，大笑”。例如：
The children are laughing and playing games .
2、“laugh at”表示“嘲笑”。例如：
Don’t laugh at the little boy .

（十三）“be going to”表示一般将来时
“be going to +动词原形”结构表示“打算或将要做某事”，是“一般将来时”的一种表达方式。例如：
I am going to fly kites next Sunday .

（十四）“have”的用法
1、表示“得……病”，例如：
have a cold have a fever
2、表示“吃，喝”，例如：
They often have bread and milk for breakfast .
3、表示“有”，例如：
I have a new pen .

（十五）让人疼痛的“ache”
“ache”是个名词，表示“疼痛”，常放在表示身体部位的名词之后，表示“……疼”，例如：
headache toothache earache stomachache backache

（十六）时间状语从句简介

引导词
例句
时间状语从句
when（当……时）
How do you know when you have the flu ?
before（在……之前）
The game was over before you came .
after（在……之后）
We went to the park after the rain stopped .
till/until（直到）
The little girl stopped crying till her mother came .
as soon as（一…就…）
I will write to you as soon as I get to Jinan .
注意：时间状语从句如果放在主句前，一般要用逗号分开；时间状语从句如果放在主句后，一般不用逗号。例如：
The game was over before you came .
Before you came , the game was over .

（十七）条件状语从句简介

引导词
例句
条件状语从句
if（如果，假如）
If you have a fever , you might have the flu .
unless（除非）
He is sure to come unless he is ill .
as long as（只要）
You will go to college as long as  you study hard .
注意：条件状语从句如果放在主句前，一般要用逗号分开；条件状语从句如果放在主句后，一般不用逗号。例如：
If you have a fever , you might have the flu .
You might have the flu if you have a fever .

（十八）“people”的可数与不可数
1、“people”表示“人，人们”时，是集合名词，本身就是复数概念，无复数形式。例如：
Some people feel sick in the winter .
2、“people”表示“民族”时，有复数形式。例如：
There are 56 peoples in China .

（十九）“a few”与“few”的区别
“a few”与“few”后面都跟可数名词复数，但意思不同。
1、“a few”表示肯定，意思是“几个”。例如：

（二十）“hurt”的用法
“hurt”作动词用时表示“伤害，弄伤，弄疼，疼痛”，既可以做及物动词，也可以做不及物动词。例如：
I hurt my leg .
My leg hurts .

二、常用短语
have a headache have/get the flu
have a toothache have a cold
have a fever have a sore throat
My nose hurts . My throat is sore .
take it easy hurt one’s leg
Don’t worry . in the winter
see the doctor take some medicine
drink hot drinks Stay in bed for a few days .
feel better soon go on a big trip
fail the math test a little angry
bounce off…… fly into……
win the game laugh at……
buy me a new skirt = buy a new skirt for me
I feel bored . a ghost story
I feel scared . It’s midnight .
go skating

三、单词
fever hurt toothache headache sore throat matter feel sick nose people flu know might worry medicine drink stay better soon tired excited angry happy bored sad trip fail test hear match between pass kick goal bounce off another guess win won game laugh robot straw weather fun funny ghost scared midnight parent

第三模块 Last Weekend

一、常用句型
（一）一般过去时：
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事情，常和表示过去时间的状语连用。
表示过去时间的状语包括：yesterday , just now , the day before yesterday , last week/month/year/night , an hour ago 等等
1、一般过去时的构成：

肯定式
否定式
含be动词的一般过去时
I was…
He/She/It/John was…
We/You/They were…
I wasn’t…
He/She/It/John wasn’t…
We/You/They weren’t…
含实义动词的一般过去时
I/You/ He/She/It/John/We/They +动词过去式…
I/You/ He/She/It/John/We/They
+ didn’t + 动词原形…

2、be动词：
一般现在时形式：am/is/are
一般过去时形式：am/is------was are-------were
3、do的过去式是did

4、一般过去时的疑问句和简略答语：

第一人称（I/we）
第二人称（You）
第三人称（He/She/It/John/They）
含be动词的一般过去时的一般疑问句和简略答语
Was I …?
Yes,you were.
No,you weren’t.
Were you…?
Yes,I was .
No,I wasn’t .
Was he/she/it…?
Yes, he/she/it was .
No, he/she/it wasn’t .
Were we…?
Yes,we/you were .
No, we/you weren’t.
Were you…?
Yes,we were .
No, we weren’t.
Were they…?
Yes,they were .
No, they weren’t.
含实义动词的一般过去时的一般疑问句和简略答语
Did I +动词原形…?
Yes,you did .
No,you didn’t .
Did you +动词原形…?
Yes,I did .
No,I didn’t .
Did he +动词原形…?
Yes,he did .
No,he didn’t .
Did we +动词原形…?
Yes, we/you did .
No, we/you didn’t .
Did you +动词原形…?
Yes,we did .
No,we didn’t .
Did they +动词原形…?
Yes,they did .
No,they didn’t .

Was I fat last year ? Were you tired yesterday ?
Yes,you were . No,we weren’t.

Was she angry just now ?
No,she wasn’t .
5、人称代词和物主代词
人称
人称代词
物主代词
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
第一人称
I
me
my
mine
we
us
our
ours
第二人称
you
you
your
yours
第三人称
he
him
his
his
she
her
her
hers
it
it
its
its
they
them
their
theirs
（1）人称代词
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人或物。人称代词的主格在句子中做主语。宾格作宾语和表语。
宾语分为介词宾语和动词宾语。介词后面的为介词宾语，及物动词后面的为动词宾语。例如：
on Monday with me
help him read books
表语是系动词后面的词。常用的系动词包括：be动词（am/is/are）、become（成为）、look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、turn（变成）等。例如：
This is a park .
The rain becomes vapour .
You look sad .
It sounds good .
It smells bad .
（2）物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，又分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面跟名词。例如：
This is my book .
Their bags are on the desk .
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，具有名词性质，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：
This is your book , and that is mine .
Our school is beautiful , and yours is clean .
（二）动词过去式的构成规则
构成规则
动词原形
过去式
一般在动词原形后加ed
watch
wash
watched
washed
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d
live
love
use
dance
lived
loved
used
danced
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed
stop
plan
stopped
planned
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加ed
study
carry
studied
carried
以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接加ed
play
stay
played
stayed
（三）常用的不规则变化动词过去式
has/have---had am/is---was are---were do/does---did
win---won go---went read---read fly---flew
swim---swam sing---sang eat---ate take---took
buy---bought see---saw leave---left get---got
come---came say---said feel---felt know---knew
draw---drew drink---drank run---ran write---wrote

（四）一般过去时的典型句型
1、一般疑问句
Did you play football with Zhang Peng ?
Yes , I did .

Did you help them clean their room ?
No , I didn’t .

2、特殊疑问句
What did you do last weekend ?
I played football with Zhang Peng .

（五）help的用法
help + 某人 + 动词原形… （帮助某人做某事）
例如：help them clean their room
（六）return的用法
return sth. to sb. （把某物还给某人）
例如：return the kite to me
return the pencil to John
（六）grateful的用法
be grateful to sb. （感谢某人）
例如：I am grateful to Tom .
（七）询问某人过得怎么样的句型
How was your weekend ?
It was a busy one .

How is your father ?
Fine .

二、常用短语
do homework wash the clothes
visit grandparents clean the room
go to a park go swimming/fishing/hiking
watch TV play football with…
play the piano at night / in the evening
see the full moon in June
last weekend/night listen to music
play sports cook noodles
Saturday morning Sunday afternoon
tongue twister fly kites
fly into the lake five minutes later
jump into the lake swim to the kite
read books climb a mountain
How about you ?
be（am/is/are） busy
It was his grandma’s birthday .
Today was a fun day .
It was a windy day .
walk to Mike’s home
read funny tongue twisters together

三、单词
yesterday weekend clothes visit grandparents piano full busy cook fun funny sunny windy walk tongue twister together kite suddenly jump minute hour day month year return graterful climb mountain partner another

第四模块 My Holiday

一、常用句型
（一）如何询问对方过去所做的事情
问句： What did you do + 过去时间 ？
答句： I + 动词过去式 + 其它
例如：
What did you do on your holiday ?
I sang and danced with my new friends .

（二）询问对方过去去了哪里的句型及答语
问句： Where did you go + 过去时间
答句： I went to + 地点
例如：
Where did you go last weekend ?
I went to Xinjiang .

（三）询问对方在过去怎样去某地的句型及答语
问句： How did you go + 其它 ？
答句： I went by + 交通工具。
例如：
How did you go there ?
I went by train .

（四）玩得开心用“have fun”
“have fun”表示“玩得开心，过得愉快”，和“have a good time”意思一样。例如：
Every day I had fun with my cousins .
Do you have a good time on your holiday ?

（五）有趣的“miss”
1、作动词，“想念”的意思，例如：
Miss you and dad .
2、作动词，“错过”的意思，例如：
I missed the last bus .
3、当“miss”的首字母大写时，就变成了“Miss”，“女士，小姐，老师”的意思，例如：
Miss Li missed the last train and she missed her family very much .

（六）如何表达“在某月某日”
英语中，在某日前要用介词“on”。例如：
on Monday on Saturday morning
on February 1st

（七）到做某事的时间了-----It’s time to…
It’s time to +动词原形+其它. （到该做……的时间了）
例如：
It’s time to go to school .

（八）情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词后面要跟动词原形。常用的情态动词包括：can, must, may,might,will,shall,would,should等。例如：
I can play the piano .
You must studay hard .
May I borrow your book ?

二、常用短语
buy presents （for…） take pictures
eat good food sing and dance
see elephants learn English
climb a mountain row a boat
go skiing go ice-skating
on your holiday on February 1st
on the first/last day do my homework
work/studay hard learn a lot
every day a lot of…
go by airplane make a snowman
have a good time have fun
go to a restaurant play ping-pong
last year get back to Beijing
prepare to do sth
be back home = go home
Tomorrow I will not be late .
That’s fun .
It was scary .

三、常用单词
usually trip present parent eat picture sing dance elephant learn study lot late fun scary airplane last first relax prepare

Recycle 1 Let’s take a trip ！

一、常用句型
（一）“be going to”句型
“be going to + 动词原形”表示“打算、将要做某事”，是一般将来时的一种表达方式。例如：
I’m going to buy a present for you .
Are you going to watch TV ?
He is going to read books .

（二）现在进行时态表将来的句型：
例如：I’m going to the cinema .这个句子中虽然也有“be going to”，但to后面不是跟动词原形，而是跟名词the cinema，因此这个句子是一个现在进行时态的句子，但是表示的是将来的含义。
在英语中，有一些动词，例如go,come,leave等，它们的现在进行时态可以表示将来的含义。
“be going to”结构虽然可以和go或come或leave连用，例如，打算去上学，可以翻译成“be going to go to school”，但是在英语中尽量避免“be going to”结构和go或come连用，而是用go或come或leave的现在进行时表示将来的意思，而是应翻译成“be going to school”。
例如：
What are you going to do this evening ?