小学六年级-一般过去式-语法讲解-教案.doc

第一讲 过去式一 概念表示在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如：yesterday, yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening, the day before yesterday, last night, last week, last month, last year, a moment ago, just now, two days ago, a week ago, in 1990等。 如：I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡觉。二 动词过去式的构成规律（一） 规则动词的过去式1， 一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed;Look- looked play-played start- started visitvisited2, 以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d; Livelived use-used3, 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先将y 改成i,再加 ed; Study-studied trytried fly-flied4,以重读闭音节（即辅音+元音+辅音）或 r 音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 ed。 Stop-stopped plan-planned preferred(二)不规则动词的过去式1 改变动词中的元音； Begin- began drink-drank come-came eat-ate Grow-grew run-ran know-knew win-won speak-spokeTake -took write -wrote get-got2 变词尾的-d 为-t Build-built lend-lent send-sent spend-spent bend-bent3 与动词原形一样；Cut-cut put-put cost-cost hurt-hurt shut-shut4 变-ay 为aid(少数动词) Say-said pay-paid lay-laid5 采用不同词根； Sell- sold teach-taught buy-bought6 其他 Am/is -was are-were have/has- had do-did二 加 ed 后的读音方法 1 ed加在清辅音后面读/t/Finished/-t/ help /-t/ asked/-t/ 2 ed 加在浊辅音或元音结尾的， 读/d/Played/-d/ lived/-d/ enjoyed/-d/ 3 ed 加在/t/或/d/后面，读/id/Wanted /-tid/ needed/-did/ visited /-tid/过去时练习： 写出下列动词的过去式Isam_ fly_ plant_ are_ drink_Play _ go_ make_ does_ dance_Worry_ ask_ taste_ eat_ draw_Put_ throw_ kick_ pass_ do_用所给动词的适当形式填空1 We_ (live) in Japan last year.2 Susan_(stop) the car on the street yesterday.3 My mother_(clean) my room and I _( study) for the English test last Sunday.4 What_ you_(do) last night?5 On Saturday morning I _(play) football二 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（1） May_(finish) her homework very late yesterday evening.（2） Han Mei_(bring) her pet to the park that day.（3） His father_(buy) a new computer for him last week（4） Miss Du_ (walk) to work every day last term.（5） We_(move) to Shenyang 8 years ago.（6） _ you _(have) bread for breakfast this morning?（7） She_(give) me a nice present last night.（8） The police_(stop) the car and_(catch) the thief (小偷) just now.（9） Tom _(carry)water for the old man last Saturday.（10） Uncle Wang_(come)into the room and_(find) something to eat.（11） Lily_(study)in the classroom for two hours and then _(leave).（12） Jimmy_(do) a lot today. He_(go) shopping and _(cook)supper.（13） We_(go) to the cinema last night. The film_(be)very good.（14） What time _you_(get) to school this morning? 三 句子变化（一） 一般过去时的一般疑问句1. 把 was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was? 引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes, was. 否定回答为：No,wasnt 由Were?引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes,were.否定回答为：No,werent.如：（1） I was born in Shanghai. -Were you born in Shanghai? -Yes, I was.(肯定回答) -No, I wasnt(否定回答)（2） They were in Li Yans home last night. -Were they in Li Yans home last night?-Yes, they were.(肯定回答) -No, they werent(否定回答) 2.在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词did 来引导，其余的语序不变。要注 意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes,did 否定 No,didnt. 如：John played computer games last night.-Did John play computer games last night? Yes, he did. No,he didnt (二)一般过去时的否定句 1 在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。 如：（1） He was in the park the day before yesterday.He was not in the park the day before yesterday. (2) We were busy last week. We were not busy last week. 2 在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didnt. 然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。 即：didnt+ 动词原形。 如(1) She played the violin last night.She didnt play the violin last night. (2) They swam in the lake yesterday. They didnt swim in the lake yesterday. (三) 一般过去式的特殊疑问句 1.What did? (主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动 原形。） We ate Chinese food last night. What did we eat last night?2. Where did ?(主要是询问过去事情发生的地方)They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?3. Who +动词过去式? (主要是询问过去事情发生的人物)Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.Who climbed mountains last weekend? 四 句子结构 1 在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过去式was,were 构成。 如：（1）I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。（2） We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆、 2 在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。 如：I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。 3 各种句式（1） 一般过去时的肯定陈述句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语或表语。He worked in Shanghai ten years ago. (2)一般过去时的否定句： a. 主语 + didnt + 动词原形 + 宾语。 （did+not=didnt） He didnt do morning exercises yesterday. b.主语 + wasnt/werent + 表语。（was+not=wasnt were+not=werent） （3）一般过去时的一般疑问句： a. Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语？ Did you study English in 1990? b. Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 ？ Was he a pupil five years ago? (4) 一般过去时的特殊疑问句： a 特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 +宾语？ Where did your parents live five years ago? What did you do last Sunday? b 特殊疑问词 + were/ was + 表语？ Who was at the zoo yesterday?