初三英语-动词的现在完成时态-精讲精练.doc

初三英语上册【动词的现在完成时态】精讲精练 2018.12
一、构成形式(肯定式): 主语＋助动词have/has＋过去分词＋…….
﹡过去分词: 规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要专门记忆。
 [Exercise 1]
( ) 1. I Enghish in this school since 1998.
(A) taught (B) have taught (C) teach (D) would teach
( ) 2. Li Lei the pen for five years.
(A) has had (B) bought (C) had (D) has bought
( ) 3. Kate her grandmother's photo before.
(A) haven't seen (B) have seen (C) saw (D) hasn't seen
( ) 4. Mary you these days?
(A) Has, seen (B) Do, see (C) Did, see (D) Is, seeing
( ) 5. So far, we thousands of Buildings in Quanzhou.
(A) build (B) have built (C) build (D) will build
二、否定式: 主语＋haven’t/hasn’t＋过去分词＋…….
    疑问式: Have/Has＋主语＋过去分词＋……?
    简略答语: Yes, 主语＋have/has.(肯定回答) / No, 主语＋haven’t/hasn’t.(否定回答)
 [Exercise 2]
( ) 1. He finished his homework yet.
(A) doesn’t (B) haven’t (C) hasn’t (D) doesn’t have
( ) 2. —Have you finished your work? —
(A) Yes, I do. (B) No, I didn’t. (C) Yes, I have. (D) No, I won’t.
( ) 3. —Has she ever learned English? — .
(A) Yes, she has (B) No, she doesn’t (C) Yes, she does (D) No, she didn’t
三、现在完成时的用法之一: 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常与already，just，yet， ever/never，before，twice，so far等连用。（这些标志词可以表达这种含义。）
⑴ 以already, just和yet为标志
already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。
He has already had dinner. He has just seen the film. He hasn’t come back yet.
⑵ 以ever和never为标志
      ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。
      This is the best film I have ever seen. He has never been to Beijing. 
⑶ 以动作发生的次数为标志
      若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，则要使用现在完成时。
     He says he has been to the USA three times.
⑷ 以so far为标志
      so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。
      So far about 500 people have died in the earthquake. She has passed the exam so far.
 [Exercise 3]
( ) 1. —Have you travelled on the train? —Yes, I have.
(A) never (B) ever (C) just (D) yet
( ) 2. —Have you finished your homework? —Not .
(A) ever (B) already (C) yet (D) just
( ) 3. We haven't finished our homework .
(A) already (B) ever (C) yet (D) never
( ) 4. —Have you learned English? —Yes, I've learned a lot.
(A) never, ever (B) ever, never (C) ever, already (D) already; ever
( ) 5. —Have you finished your homework ? —Yes, I've done that .
(A) yet, already (B) already, yet (C) ever, never (D) still, just
( ) 6. John's father borrowed some pictures.
(A) have already (B) has just (C) have ever (D) has yet
四、现在完成时的用法之二: 表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
常与for，since，how long，these days，in /for/during the last/past … years/months/weeks/days等连用。
⑴◆since＋过去的时间点◆since＋时间段＋ago◆since＋从句（一般过去时）此部分用how long提问。
Mr. Smith has worked here since 2000.
Xiao Ming has played the piano since 5 years ago.
He has learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.
⑵ for＋时间段（数词+量词）此部分用how long提问。
We have known each other for twenty years.
I haven’t seen her for a long time.
※ 注：since＋时间段＋ago ＝ for＋时间段
⑶We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们已种了成千上万棵树。
I have been here for the last month. 最近一个月里我一直在这儿。
[Exercise 4]
A）用since和for填空。
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _____ lunch time
10) _______ we were children 11) ______ she left here
B）用since和for填空。
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last year.
2. I’ve known him ________ we were young.
3. Our English teacher has taught English ________ twenty years.
4. She has been away from the city ________ about ten days.
5. It’s about two years ________ she left the city.
C）选择填空
( ) 1. I've been like this ever since .
(A) last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D) the last week
( ) 2. My mother has worked in this factory 2 years.
(A) about (B) for (C) in (D) since
( ) 3. I haven't heard from him last week.
(A) since (B) for (C) ago (D) before
( ) 4. His father joined the Party _________.
(A) for three years (B) since three years ago (C) three years ago (D) in two years' time
( ) 5. He moved here in 1999, and he has been here .
(A) at that time (B) for five years ago (C) since four years (D) for four years
( ) 6. Tom has been away from home about five days ago.
(A) \ (B) in (C) since (D) for
五、句式：主句（现在完成时）＋since＋从句（用一般过去时）
[Exercise 5]
( ) 1. She Enghish in our school ever since she here.
(A) has taught, came (B) taught, came
(C) has taught, has come (D) teaches, has come
( ) 2. Shanshan in Laiwu since she born in 1999.
(A) has lived, has been (B) has lived, was
(C) lived, has been (D) lived, was
六、句式：It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句（用一般过去时）
[Exercise 6]
( ) 1. It’s ten years since she .
(A) has left (B) has been away (C) left (D) leaves
( ) 2. It has been three years since he the army.
(A) has joined (B) has been in (C) join (D) joined
七、have/has been in, have/has been to 与have/has gone to 的用法
⑴ have/has been in＋地点：表示“在某地住/呆/留(多长时间)”，常与表示一段时间的状语，如since, for, how long 等连用。
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.
▲此外还搭配：have been here/there/abroad(在海外)‖at home/school‖on the farm等。
⑵ have/has been to：表示“去过某地”，现在已经不在那里。可与just, ever, never等连用。
I have just been to the post office.
Mary has never been to the Great Wall.
Have you ever been to Hangzhou?
▲此外还搭配：have been here/ there
▲have/has been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。
I have been to Beijing twice.
He has been to Paris three times.
They have been to that village several times.
⑶ have/has gone to：表示“去了某地”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
—Where is Tom? —He has gone to the bookshop.
The Smiths have gone to Canada for a holiday. 史密斯一家到加拿大度假去了。
▲have gone to后接学校时可意为“上过学”。
She is the only girl who has gone to a high school. 她是唯一上过中学的女孩。
⑷ have/has been to 与have/has gone to均可和不定式连用，但意思不同。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 我生病以来他从未来看过我。
They’ve gone to live overseas. 他们到海外居住了。
[Exercise 7]
A）用have(has) been /gone 填空。
A: Where _________ Li Fei __________? B: He __________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long __________ he __________ there? B: He ____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I ________ never __________ there.
A: How many times __________ Li Fei _________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
B）用have been in/to, have gone to的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He _____________ the zoo with his friends. 2) David ___________ the park just now.
3) John ____________ England since he came back. 4) How long ________ he __________ this village?
5) The Smiths ____________ Beijing for years.
6) —_______ you ever __________ America? -- Yes, I ___________ there many times.
7) I ______________ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He ______________ the farm.
C）选择填空
( ) 1. Mrs. white isn't here, she ___ London, she there many times.
(A) has been to, went (B) has gone to, has been
(C) went to, has gone (D) has been to, has gone
( ) 2. She has __________ to Shanghai twice.
(A) gone (B) got (C) been (D) come
( ) 3. —where your father , Li Lei? —To Beijing.
(A) have, been (B) has, been (C) have, gone (D) has, gone
( ) 4. Mr. Green isn't in the office, he to the library.
(A) has gone (B) went (C) has been (D) will go
( ) 5. Mr. smith to Tokyo and he will be back in a week.
(A) has been (B) has visited (C) has sent (D) has gone
( ) 6. They China for two years.
(A) have been to (B )have been in (C) have gone to (D) have come to
八、现在完成时的反意疑问句：have（n’t）/ has（n’t）＋人称代词宾格
[Exercise 8]
( ) 1. Jim's been to the Great Wall before, ?
(A) isn't he (B) wasn't Jim (C) hasn't he (D) doesn't Jim
( ) 2. She's never been to England, she?
(A) has (B) hasn't (C) isn't (D) is
九、How long与现在完成时
[Exercise 9]
( ) 1. — have you been here? — Since last year.
(A) How far (B) How long (C) How often (D) How soon
( ) 2. _________ has Han Mei been in the library?
(A) How long (B) How soon (C) How far (D) How often
( ) 3. How long ________ he_______ the library book?
(A) has, borrowed (B) has, kept (C) has, bought (D) did, buy
十、非延续性动词转换为延续性动词
动词按其动作发生的方式、过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。非延续性动词(瞬间性动词/终止性动词)表示的动作极其短暂，不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束。因此，非延续性动词用于现在完成时态时，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用(限肯定式)，即不能直接与for，since 连用。非延续性动词若要与for或since引导的时间状语连用，应用表示持续状态的动词(即延续性动词)或词组来替换。
初中阶段常见的非延续性动词有：arrive in(at)/reach/get to到达，become成为，borrow借，buy买，begin/start开始，come来，die死，finish完成，go去，join加入，leave离开，marry嫁娶，move搬，put on穿上，return返回等。
[Exercise 10]
A）同义句转换（把非延续性动词转换为延续性动词）
① ◆ arrive at/in sw.‖get to/reach sw.‖come/go/move to sw. → be in sw.
◆ go to school/go home/go to the farm → be at school/at home/on the farm
◆ arrive/get/reach/come/move here或arrive/get/reach/go/move there → be here/there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. →He _______ _______ ________ Beijing for _______ ________.
2) I moved to the USA last year. →I _______ _______ ________ the USA since ________ _________.
3) I went home yesterday. →I _______ ________ ________ home for ________ _________.
4) They came here last week. →They ________ ________ here since ________ _________.
② ◆ come/go back (to), return (to) → be back (to) ◆ come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago. →He ________ _________ ________ for ________ _________.
2) We returned to Fuzhou yesterday. →We _______ _______ ________ to Fuzhou since _________.
③ become → be
1) I became a teacher in 1998. → I ________ _________ a teacher for ________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year. → The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ _______.
④ ◆ close → be closed ◆ open → be open
1) The shop was closed two hours ago. →The shop ______ _______ _______ for ______ _______.
2) The door was opened at six in the morning. →The door _______ _______ _______ for six hours.
⑤ ◆ die → be dead ◆ marry → be married ◆ finish/end → be over
◆ get up → be up ◆ fall/get ill → be ill ◆ leave sw. → be away from sw.
◆ fall asleep/go(get) to sleep → be asleep
1) I got up five minutes ago. → I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now. → He ______ _______ _______ ________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2004. → My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six. → The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago. → I _______ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990. → They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥ ◆ start/begin to do sth. → do sth. ◆ begin/start → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1998. → I ________ ________ at this school since ________.
2) The film began two minutes ago. → The film ______ _______ _______ for _______ _______.
⑦ ◆ borrow → keep/have ◆ buy → have ◆ put on → wear
◆ catch/get a cold → have a cold ◆ get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week. → They ________ ________ it since _________ _________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago. → I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year. → I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago. → I ________ ________ my glasses for _______ ________.
⑧ have/has gone to (＋sw.)→ have/has been in (＋sw.)
1) He has gone to Beijing. → He ________ ________ _________ Beijing for two days.
⑨ join the Party(入党)/army(参军)→
be a Party member/a soldier‖be a member of the Party/army‖be in the Party/army
1) He joined the Party in 2016.
He _______ ________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He _______ _________ a _________ __________ the _________ for two years.
He _________ __________ __________ the Party for two years.
2)  My brother joined the army 5 years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother __________ __________ in ___________ __________ for 5 years.
B）汉译英
1）这本字典我已买了三年了。_____________________________________________________
2）他离开中国十年了。___________________________________________________________
3）我认识他们多年了。___________________________________________________________
4）他们已去美国五年了。 _______________________________________________________
5）自从他搬到莱芜，他就住那儿了。_______________________________________________
6）他们已经结婚20年了。__________________________________________________________
7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经两年了。_______________________________________________
8）这会已开了多长时间了？_______________________________________________________
9）这家店已经关了一周了。_________________________________________________________
10）我参军2年了。
I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ for two years.
I __________ __________ a __________ of _________ ________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
11）自从1996年以来他们就认识。________________________________________________
12）我来到农场已5年了。_______________________________________________________
C）选择填空
( ) 1. —How long can I this book? —Two weeks.
(A) borrow (B) keep (C) lend (D) return
( ) 2. Her father in 1990 and her husband for more than five years.
(A) died, dead (B) has died, dead (C) died, has been dead (D) has died, has died
( ) 3. I have this nice watch for two years.
(A) had (B) bought (C) borrowed (D) lend
( ) 4. He his home for ten years.
(A) has left (B) left (C) has been away from (D) was away from
( ) 5. He the club member for three years.
(A) is (B) has been (C) has become (D) becomes
( ) 6. Li Hua's brother has for two years.
(A) joined the army (B) been an army
(C) become