小学三年级英语语法.doc

小学三年级英语语法(一)情态动词cancan 在英语中有一个特殊的名字,叫做情态动词，表示“能够”, “会”, “能力”后面要跟着表示动作的动词。没有时态和人称的变化。表示不能做什么的时候,后面加上 not为 can not,或者缩写为cant。问别人“能吗？”要把can 放在句子前面,首字母要大写,句尾别忘加上问号。例句：I can swing .I can draw.She can jump.He can play . We can touch .They can run.I cant sing.You cant see.She cant dance.He cant hear a car.We cant hear an aeroplane.Can you hear a dog？Can he hear a bus？Can Lucy write？Can you do it? 将下面各组词组成句子1._（an,aeroplane,hear,Lucy,can ）2. _ (not,he ,dance,can )3._? (you,can ,see,what )4._(can ,see ,not ,we ,you)5._. (I ,can ,help ,you )6._? (I,can ,do,what)7._? (you ,can ,hear me)8._? (you ,can ,dance) 答案：1. Lucy can hear an aeroplane. 2. He can not /cant dance. 3. What can you see? 4. We can not /cant see you 5. I can help you. 6. What can I do?7. Can you hear me? 8. Can you dance?(二)人称代词所属格. 人称代词表人称主格be动词及其否定形式所有格，形容性物主代词have/has及其否定形式助动词及其否定形式宾格单数第一人称我Iam/am notmyhave/haventdo/dontme第二人称你youare/arentyourhave/haventdo/dontyou第三人称他heis/isnthishas/hasntdoes/doesnthim她sheis/isntherhas/hasntdoes/doesnther它itis/isntitshas/hasntdoes/doesntit人名人名is/isnt人名shas/hasntdoes/doesnt人名复数第一人称我们weare/arentourhave/haventdo/dontus第二人称你们youare/arentyourhave/haventdo/dontyou第三人称他们，她们，它们theyare/arenttheirhave/haventdo/dontthem注意：主格作主语,其中she指带代国家,it可指代天气时间等。宾格作宾语，介词宾语，表语 。动词后面用人称宾格形容词性物主代词作定语。名词性物主代词作主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语 书信yours表示 - 的,这样的词我们也学习很多了，你能想出来吗？记住这个小口诀就很容易了：我的 my ，你的your，他的 his、她的her. /它的是its; 我们的 our; 你们的是 your他们(它们,她们)的是their/这些人称代词形式称为人称代词所属格,也叫形容词性物主代词。通常用在名词前面表示所属关系。另外，表示某人的还可以用名词或人名+ s 来表示。如: my kite;your book;his pen;her coat;its tail;our class;their teachers;my brothers;book;the cats ears;Marys mother一.写出下列人称代词的所属格形式I_you_he_She_it_we_You_they_二.用合适的人称代词填空(1) This is Ben. This is _bicycle.(2) I am Kitty. _ bag is blue(3) Shes Alice. Thats _ umbrella.(4) You are Mr Li. _ car is black.(5) Is this _ hat? Yes, its my hat.(6) Thats my mother. Thats _ coat.(7) Wheres _ scarf? Here you are.(8) Hes Mr Wang. _ gloves are new.三.翻译下列词组1. 你的名字 _2.我们班_3. 他的小弟弟_4.我祖母_5. 它的尾巴 _ 6.我的鞋_7. 她的围巾_8.我的衬衫_9. 他们的老师_10.玛丽的雨伞_四.用下列单词组句1._ (my , is,name , Tom)2._ (is, miss , Gao, , our,friend)3._ (is what ,your number ,telephone)4._? (mother , your ,a teacher , is)5._? (whos , cap , it , is)答案：一. I(my) you (your)he(his)she(her)it(its)We (our)you (your)they (their)三. 1.your name2.our class3. his little brother4.my grandmother5.its tail6.my shoes7.her scarf8.my shirt9.their teacher10. Marys umbrella 四. 1.My name is Tom.2.Miss Gao is our friend3.Whats your telephone number?4.Is your mother a teacher?5.Whos cap is it?(三)介词、连词和感叹词1.介词：介词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,必须在介词后面加上个名词或代词使用,作句子成份。介词后面的名词（或相当于名词的其它词）叫做介词的宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语。介词短语在句中可作壮语、定语或表语。介词如: in 在里面on在上面under在下面等。 in the classroomin the treein the hall on the roadon the deskon the floor under the tableunder the bedunder the chair2.连词：连词是用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子等的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句子中不能单独作句子成分。连词分两类：一类叫等立连词，另一类叫从属连词。(1). 等立连词是用来连接同等的词、词组和分句的。等立连词有许多 我们现在只学到了and和but，其他的以后学到再介绍。 如：A and B ; blue and white ；an apple and a banana;a car and a bus;Lucy and Ben ; Ben and Kitty ; This is a lorry and thats a drill. I like dolls and you like robots.(2). 从属连词是用来引起从句的、从属连词又分为1) 引起名词性从句的连接词，如：if ，that 等。2）引起壮语从句的连接词，如：when ， after ，befare等。以后会逐渐学到再介绍。3.感叹词: 表示说话人的某种感情(惊讶,高兴,痛苦等)的词叫感叹词。感叹词后常用感叹号。常用的感叹词有：oh（表示惊奇或痛苦），ah（表示惊奇或满意），hello（常被用来打招呼相当于汉语的“喂！”），well（表示惊讶，无奈）如：Hello.Are you Mary?练习：翻译下列词组1.在桌子上面 2.在树下面 3.在椅子上面 4.在盒子里面5.在黑板上 6.在书里7.在脸上 8.在公共汽车上9.一只猫和一只狗. 10.又小又胖答案：1. on the desk2. under the tree3. on the desk4. in the box 5. on the blackboard6. in the book7. on the face8. on the bus 9. a cat and a dog 10. small and fat(四) 单数句和复数句： 口诀： 单数句子变，变化规则要记住。 名词代词要变化，am, is要变are。 this, that变成啥，these, those来替它。 he, she, it要变啥，全部变they不用怕。 I要变we莫落下，名词后面把s/es加。 名前冠词去掉它，其余成分原样加。具体注意下面的六要素： 1单数主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词，即Iwe； youyou； she, he, itthey。 如： She is a girl.They are girls. 2 am, is要变为are。 如： Im a student. We are students. 3不定冠词a, an要去掉。如： He is a boy. They are boys. 4普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如： It is a cat. They are cats. 5指示代词this, that要变为these, those。如： This is a book.These are books. 6 man, woman作定语修饰可数名词时，要在 数上与被修饰名词保持一致。但其他名词修饰名词表示 性质时，不作变化。如： He is a man doctor.They are men doctors. This is an apple tree.They are apple trees.单复数相互转换，每空一词(含缩写)。1. The woman is a nurse.(改为复数句)The _ _ _. 2. There are some old cars.(改为单数句)There _ _ old _. 3. He has a new book.(改为复数句)_ _ new _. 4. Are these your chicks ?(改为单数句)_ _ your _?5. Is there a sheep in the playground?(改为复数句)_ there _ _ in the playground?(五)一般疑问句及特殊疑问句句子基本是：简单陈述句，由简单陈述句转变成肯定句，否定句，疑问句。疑问句是用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句: 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。我们现在已经接触到了前两种疑问句。后两种疑问句以后我们还会学到.一.一般疑问句：英语中要用 yes和no 来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。如:1）Is it hot ?Yes, it is .No, it isnt. be动词引导2）Is it a car ?Yes, it is .No, it isnt . be动词引导3）Is this your ruler ?Yes, it is .No, it isnt . be动词引导4）Do you like bananas ? 含实义动词Yes, I like bananas. No, I dont like bananas.5）Can Ming hear a drill ? 含情态动词Yes , Ming can hear a drill.No,Ming cant hear a drill.陈述句（肯定句，否定句，一般疑问句）的转变规律：1肯定句： 2否定句： 3. 一般疑问句及肯否定回答1) 主语+be动词+. 1) 主语+be动词+not+. 1）be动词+主语+？Yes, 主语+be动词./ No, 主语+be动词+not.I am a teacher. I am not a teacher. Are you a teacher？ -Yes, I am./ No, I am not.My mother is thin. My mother is not /isnt thin. Is your mother thin? -Yes, she is./ No, she isnt.They are insects. They are not/arent insects. Are they insects？-Yes. they are./ No, they arent.2) 主语+情态动词can+ 2) 主语+情态动词can+ not+. 2）情态动词can+主语+？Yes, 主语+情态动词can/No,主语+情态动词can+ notHe can jump. He can not/cant jump. Can he jump？ -Yes,he can./ No, he cant.3) 主语+动词+. 3) 主语+助动词do/does+not 3） 助动词do/does+主语+. 动词原形 +.动词原形？ Yes, 主语+助动词do/does. No, 主语+助动词do/does+not.He likes to eat apples. He doesnt like to eat apples. Does he like to eat apples？ Yes，he does./ No，he doesnt.We like to eat apples. We dont like to eat apples. Do you like to eat apples？Yes，we do. /No，we dont. 二. 祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you常省略。1、肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。 Open the door, please. 2、否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Dont。 Dont be late for class. 三 特殊疑问句（又叫wh-question）用特殊疑问词来提出问题的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问词一般要放在句首。常用的疑问词有what who ，which how 等这些词都以wh 开头（包括how）所以也叫作wh-question。特殊疑问句要求回答具体内容。不能用yes或no回答。结构：疑问词+一般疑问句。回答不能用yes / no(或相当于yes / no)回答的问句。答句的句式同肯定句句式：如：What can you see ?I can see a cat.What can you hear ?I can hear a bus.What can you do ?I can sing and dance.What is it ? Its a panda.What do you like ?I like playing footballHow old are you ?Im ten. 一.将下列句子变成一般疑问句1 Mr Wang is thirsty_?2.The elephents ears are long_?3. We like birds_?4.Hello.You are his mother_?5.I can sing and dance._?二 将下列每组词各组成一句特殊疑问句1.(you are how). _?.2.(old how Ben is)_?3.colour is what your shirt_?4.(can see what the on you desk ) _?5.(like what do you)_? 答案：一.1. Is Mr Wang thirsty?2. Are the elephents ears long3. Do you like birds?4.Hello. Are you his mother?5.Can you sing and dance?二.1. How are you?2.How old is Ben ?3.What colour is your shirt?4.What can you see on the desk?5.What do you like?