各种时态的主动、被动语态结构表.doc

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各种时态的主动、被动语态结构表（以动词do为例）
时态
用法
时间状语
动词构成
例句
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。2)主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。3)表示客观真理
often, sometimes, always, usually
everyday/……; on Mondays once a week , twice a year
do/does
am/is/are +done
We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时
表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
yesterday; last week/…; in 1990
ten minutes ago just now
did
was/were +done
He bought me some books.
I was bought some books by him.
Some books were bought for me by him.
现在进行
1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行或持续的动作
now, these days等或当句中含有look, listen之类的暗示词时
am/is/are +doing
am/is/are + being + done
She is watering the flowers.
The flowers are being made by her.
过去进行
表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段正在进行的动作
this time yesterday, at that time, then, at ten yesterday, from 7:00 to 9:00 last night
was/were +doing
was/were + being +done
I was planting trees this time yesterday .
Trees were being planted by me this time yesterday.
一般将来时
表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态
tomorrow; next week
in a few days
in 2020
will/shall + do
am/is/are going to + do
am/is/are + doing
will/shall be + done
am/is/are going to be + done
am/is/are being done
We will discuss this question in class tomorrow.
This question will be discussed in class tomorrow.
过去将来时
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中

would/should + do
was/were going to + do
was/were + doing
would/should be + done
was/were going to be +done
was/were being + done
He said he would finish the work the next day.
He said the work would be finished the next day.
现在完成时
1）表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系。2）表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.
1.already, yet, ever, never, just, before等
2.和for或since引导的时间状语连用.

have/has + done
have/has been +done
They have made the boy stop crying already.
The boy has been made to stop crying already.
过去完成时
1)过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。
2)从过去某一时间开始持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
1）与 by then, by 9 o’clock, by the end of, by the time…, before+过去的时间构成的短语连用。2）过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用。3） 与when, before, after，as soon as等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后
had + done
had been +done
They had told me the news by 9 o’clock yesterday.
I had been told the news by 9 o’clock yesterday.
The news had been told to me by 9 o’clock yesterday.
含有情态动词

can/may/must do
can/may/must be done
We must take good care of the old.
The old must be take good care of by us.

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