产品设计和处理选择——生产(英文).ppt

Product Design&Process Selection-ManufacturingOperations ManagementFor Competitive AdvantageCHASE AQUILANO JACOBSninth editionChapter 5Chapter 5Product Design&Process Selection-ManufacturingTypical Phases of Product Design DevelopmentConcurrent EngineeringDesigning for the CustomerQFDDesign for Manufacturability Types of ProcessesProcess Flow StructuresProcess Flow DesignGlobal Product Design and ManufacturingTypical Phases of Product Design DevelopmentConcept DevelopmentProduct PlanningProduct/Process EngineeringPilot Production/Ramp-UpConcurrent EngineeringDefinedConcurrent engineering can be defined as the simultaneous development of project design functions,with open and interactive communication existing among all team members for the purposes of reducing time to market,decreasing cost,and improving quality and reliability.Designing for the Customer Quality FunctionDeployment House of QualityValue Analysis/Value EngineeringIdeal Customer ProductDesigning for the Customer:Quality Function DeploymentInterfunctional teams from marketing,design engineering,and manufacturingVoice of the customerHouse of Quality Designing for the Customer:The House of QualityCustomer RequirementsImportance to Cust.Easy to closeStays open on a hillEasy to openDoesnt leak in rainNo road noiseImportance weightingEngineering CharacteristicsEnergy needed to close doorCheck force on level groundEnergy needed to open doorWater resistance106692375332XXXXXCorrelation:Strong positivePositiveNegativeStrong negativeX*Competitive evaluationX=UsA=Comp.AB=Comp.B(5 is best)1 2 3 4 5XABX ABXABA X BX ABRelationships:Strong=9Medium=3Small=1Target valuesReduce energy level to 7.5 ft/lbReduce forceto 9 lb.Reduce energy to 7.5 ft/lb.Maintaincurrent levelTechnical evaluation(5 is best)54321BAXBAXBAXBXABXABAXDoor seal resistanceAccoust.Trans.WindowMaintaincurrent levelMaintaincurrent levelThe McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,20017Designing for the Customer:Value Analysis/Value Engineering(VA/VE)Achieve equivalent or better performance at a lower cost while maintaining all functional requirements defined by the customer.Does the item have any design features that are not necessary?Can two or more parts be combined into one?How can we cut down the weight?Are there nonstandard parts that can be eliminated?Design for ManufacturabilityTraditional Approach“We design it,you build it”or“Over the wall”Concurrent Engineering“Lets work together simultaneously”Design for Manufacturing and AssemblyGreatest improvements related to DFMA arise from simplification of the product by reducing the number of separate parts:1.During the operation of the product,does the part move relative to all other parts already assembled?2.Must the part be of a different material or be isolated from other parts already assembled?3.Must the part be separate from all other parts to allow the disassembly of the product for adjustment or maintenance?Types of ProcessesConversionFabricationAssemblyTestingProcess Flow StructuresJob shopBatch shopAssembly LineContinuous FlowIV.ContinuousFlowIII.AssemblyLineII.BatchI.JobShopLowVolume,One of aKindMultipleProducts,LowVolumeFewMajorProducts,HigherVolumeHighVolume,HighStandard-izationCommercialPrinterFrench RestaurantHeavyEquipmentCoffee ShopAutomobileAssemblyBurger KingSugarRefineryFlexibility(High)Unit Cost(High)Flexibility(Low)Unit Cost(Low)Exhibit 5.10Virtual FactoryDefinedA virtual factory can be defined as a manufacturing operation where activities are carried out not in one central plant,but in multiple locations by suppliers and partner firms as part of a strategic alliance.Process Flow DesignDefinedA process flow design can be defined as a mapping of the specific processes that raw materials,parts,and subassemblies follow as they move through a plant.The most common tools to conduct a process flow design include assembly drawings,assembly charts,and operation and route sheets.Example:Assembly Chart(Gozinto)A-2SA-24567LockringSpacer,detent springRivets(2)Spring-detentA-5Component/Assy OperationInspectionFrom Exhibit 5.14Example:Process Flow Chart Material Received from SupplierInspect Material for DefectsDefects found?Return to Supplier for CreditYesNo,ContinueGlobal Product Design and Manufacturing StrategiesJoint VenturesGlobal Product Design StrategyMeasuring Product Development PerformanceTime-to-marketProductivityQuality