中考英语专题复习之介词.doc

学习必备 欢迎下载中考英语专题复习之介词【知识梳理】一、考查简单介词的用法知识链接 分类例词表示时间in, at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, from, to, by, before, past表示方位in, at, on, around, before, in front of, between, behind, beside, near, under, above, below, ,next to, among表示往返的方向to, towards, round, around, though, across, fromto, into, out of, off, along其他by, to, like, unlike, of, except, about, against, with, but, as, without（一）时间介词1at、in、on表示时间的区别 (1)at表示具体的时间点，常用于表示钟点及某些词组中。如: at Christmas(在圣诞节)； at six oclock(在6点钟)； at night(在晚上)； at the end of(在结束时)； at the age of(在岁时)；at last(最终，最后)。(2)in还可以表示从现在算起到若干时间以后，意为“在时间后”，用于一般将来时或过去将来时态。如:Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes? 你能在5分钟内画一匹好看的马吗?(3)on用于表示确定的时间，具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等。如:on December 1st，1994 (在1994年12月1日)；on Teachers Day (在教师节)on Monday morning (在星期一上午)；on a cold morning (在一个寒冷的早晨)；on the night of October 22nd (在10月22日晚上)；on Christmas Day (在圣诞节)。注意:在以this，that，next，last，tomorrow，yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。如:I will go to Beijing next week.下周我将去北京。2.for，since，from表示时间的区别(1)“for+一段时间”意为“已经多长时间了”，强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如: She has worked there for four years.她已经在那里工作4年了。(2)since用作介词时，意为“自从，自以后”，指从某一时间一直延续至今，后接时间点，通常与完成时连用。如:The factory has been there since spring 1989.那家工厂自1989年春就在那里了。注意:since还可以用作连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句。如:Great changes have taken place since he left.自从他离开以后，这里发生了巨大的变化。(3)from(from.to.)表示开始的时间，意为“从”(“从到”)，谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态。如:Students go to school from Monday to Friday. 学生们周一至周五上学。3.to，past，pass表时间的区别(1)to介词，大于30分钟时，表示“差”。如:ten to seven (6:50)(2)past介词，小于30分钟时，表示“过”。 如:ten past six (6:10)(3)pass动词，表示“经过，过去”。如:He passed by me.他从我身边经过。4.其余表示时间的介词(1)after指时间“在以后”，后面接时间点或时间段均可。接时间段时，多和过去时连用；接时间点时，多和将来时连用。如:He came back after a few days.几天后他回来了。 Ill call you after 4:30.四点半以后我给你打电话。(2)till/until表示“到为止，直到之时，直至”，在肯定句中要用延续性动词。如:Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上待到明天。 I shall wait until ten oclock.我将等到10点钟。在否定句中，not.until.意为“直到才”，是连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句，谓语动词用短暂性动词。如:I didnt go to bed until eleven last night.昨天晚上直到11点钟我才睡觉。(3)by 表示“不迟于”(not later than)，常与完成时连用。如:by then到那时，by now到目前为止。They had seen four English films by the end of last night.到昨天晚上为止他们已经看过四部英语电影。(4)before指时间“在以前”，后面一般接时间点。如:I will get to Australia before Friday.我将于星期五之前到达澳大利亚。(5)during表示“在期间”，强调“自始至终”。如:During those three months，he asked a lot of questions.在那三个月期间，他问了许多问题。（二）方式介词1.by，in，on表交通方式用by时，交通工具前不用任何限定词；用on或in时，交通工具前用限定词。如:Jenny goes to school by bike.詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bike=on a bike)Mr. Green goes to work by car.格林先生开车去上班。(by car=in a car)2.by，in，with表示手段或工具(1)with后跟具体的工具。如:I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔做作业。(2)in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料，语言、材料前不加冠词。如:Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说吗?(3)by表示用某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词，若后接动词，需将动词变为动名词形式。如:This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工做的。 He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。（三）地点介词1.in，at与on(1)in表示地点，意为“在内”，用于内部。如:He put his hands in his pockets.他把手放进口袋。(2)on意为“在上面”，用于表面接触，指在一个平面上。如: There was a carpet on the floor. 地板上铺着一块地毯。(3)表示“在某地”时，at后接小地方，in后接大地方。如: When did you arrive at the station? 你什么时候到车站的? He was born in Wuhan.他出生在武汉。(4)at还有“在旁边”之意，如: at the table在桌子旁边2.above与belowabove的意思是“在之上” “高于”，与物体表面不接触，表示相对高度，不一定是在正上方，它的反义词是below。如: The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。 The Dead Sea is below sea level.死海的海面低于海平线。3.over与underover的意思是“在之上”， 与物体表面不接触，表示垂直之上，其反义词是under。如:There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。 There is a boat under the bridge.桥下有一艘船。4.by，beside与near(1)by表示“在旁边”，较near更近。如:My house is by the river.我的家在河边。(2)beside表示“近旁”、“紧靠”，相当于next to。如:Come and sit beside me.来坐在我的身旁。 (3)near意为“在附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等。如: He sits near the window.他坐在窗户附近。5.after与behind(1)after表示位置关系，意为“在的后面”。如:Your name comes after mine in the list.名单上，你的名字列于我之后。(2)behind表示位置，意为“在后面”。如:The boy was hiding behind a tree.那个男孩躲在一棵树后。6.through, across, cross穿过(1)through介词，纵穿(从空间穿过)。如:The soldiers went through the forest.那些士兵穿过树林离开了。(2)across介词，横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is walking across the street.他正在横过马路。(3)cross动词，横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is crossing the street. 他正在横过马路。7.among, between 在之间among在(三者或三者以上)之间；between在(两者)之间。常用词组: between.and，如: The man who is standing among the students is Lilys father.站在学生中间的是莉莉的父亲。I will be back between five and six.我将在5到6点之间回来。8.in，on，toin表示在范围之内(属于该范围)；on表示与某一地区接壤；to表示隔海相望。如:Guangdong is in the south of China. (广东属于中国。)Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. (广东不属于湖南，但与湖南是毗邻关系。)Japan is to the east of China. (日本不属于中国，而且隔海相望。)9.outside与insideoutside意为“在的外边”；inside意为“在的里边，在之内”。如:A woman is waiting outside the office.一位妇女正在办公室门外等候。Dont let the dog come inside the house.不要让狗进入房子里。10.in front of与in the front ofin front of表示“在之前”(范围外)；in the front of表示“在的前部(范围内)”。如:There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些树。Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。知识链接1.介词+动词的常见搭配listen to听laugh at嘲笑get to到达 look for寻找get onoff上车下车 wait for等待 hear from收到的来信 worry about担心think of想起，认为 look after照顾 spend.on花费agree with同意do with处置 depend on依靠talk about谈论 turn onoff打开关掉 turn updown调大调小 regard.as把当作 pay for付款 knock at敲 ask for请求，向要2.介词与形容词的常见搭配be fond of喜欢be ready for为做好准备be kind to对亲切be sure about确信be busy with忙于be late for迟到be afraid of害怕be good at擅长于be full of装满3.介词+名词的常见搭配by bikebustrain骑自行车/乘公共汽车乘火车 on foot步行withwithout ones help在有没有某人的帮助下on time准时on ones way to在某人去的路上to ones surprise使某人惊奇的是at the end of在尽头，末尾at the foot of在的脚下专项练习1、Hong Kong is_ the south of Chinaand Macau is_ the west of Hong Kong Ain，to Bto，to Cto，in Din，in2、When the temperature stays _ zero, we cant see ice. A. up B. down C. above D. below3、When and where were you born? I was born_ October 1st , 2019 _Suzhou. A. on; on B. in; in C. on; in D. in; on4、-Is there any relationship _ smoking and health? -Sure. People who do not smoke usually enjoy a longer and healthier life. A. among B. within C from D. between5、Thanks _ your last letter. Aof Bfrom Cfor Dto6、We should do something to stop sandstorms _ happening again and again. A. from B. on C. by D. to7、Mr Wang is very strict. His students are afraid _ him. A. at B. of C. about D. to8、Have you got any books _ science? A. at B. about C. of D. in9、What do you think of the report on the UFOs?-Great! Many students were interested in it and they kept on standing _ the end of the meeting. A. until B. in C. at D. by10、You must stand _ line when you are waiting _ a bus. A. on; in B. in; for C. in; on D. on; for11、He took my English-Chinese dictionary mistake. A. for B. by C. with D. in12、Where is the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall?Its here, _ the Great Hall of the People and the Museums.A. next to B. between C. over D. among13、Yao Ming is tall _ short hair. A. in B. on C. with D. of14、My mother has to work at weekends _. A. last night B. best of allC. from time to time D. on earth15、I can meet him_ the morning_ October 2nd. A. on; in B. in; of C. on; of D. in; in16、Did you and your family join in the trip?Yes. _ us, the Greens also went to the amusement park. AExcept BBeside CBut DBesides 17、I live my parents Nanjing. A. with; in B. in; with C. in; in D. with; with18、For girls, we have T-shirts _ red, green and black _ only $4 . A. at; in B. in; for C. for; in D. with; at19、Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive _ London _ the morning of July 19.A. to， on B. in， on C. in， in D. at， in20、There is a new bridge _ the river in front of my house. A. on B. over C. above D. near21、Kathy always cares _ what others say so much that she loses her own idea. A. about B . much C little D of22、They have sold _ the trousers _ your size. A. out ; in B. off ; with C. away ; of D. on ; in参考答案1、A2、D 3、C4、D5、C6、A7、B8、B家庭是幼儿语言活动的重要环境，为了与家长配合做好幼儿阅读训练工作，孩子一入园就召开家长会，给家长提出早期抓好幼儿阅读的要求。我把幼儿在园里的阅读活动及阅读情况及时传递给家长，要求孩子回家向家长朗诵儿歌，表演故事。我和家长共同配合，一道训练，幼儿的阅读能力提高很快。9、A单靠“死”记还不行,还得“活”用,姑且称之为“先死后活”吧。让学生把一周看到或听到的新鲜事记下来,摒弃那些假话套话空话,写出自己的真情实感,篇幅可长可短,并要求运用积累的成语、名言警句等,定期检查点评,选择优秀篇目在班里朗读或展出。这样,即巩固了所学的材料,又锻炼了学生的写作能力,同时还培养了学生的观察能力、思维能力等等,达到“一石多鸟”的效果。10、B11、B12、B 语文课本中的文章都是精选的比较优秀的文章,还有不少名家名篇。如果有选择循序渐进地让学生背诵一些优秀篇目、精彩段落,对提高学生的水平会大有裨益。现在,不少语文教师在分析课文时,把文章解体的支离破碎,总在文章的技巧方面下功夫。结果教师费劲,学生头疼。分析完之后,学生收效甚微,没过几天便忘的一干二净。造成这种事倍功半的尴尬局面的关键就是对文章读的不熟。常言道“书读百遍,其义自见”,如果有目的、有计划地引导学生反复阅读课文,或细读、默读、跳读,或听读、范读、轮读、分角色朗读,学生便可以在读中自然领悟文章的思想内容和写作技巧,可以在读中自然加强语感,增强语言的感受力。久而久之,这种思想内容、写作技巧和语感就会自然渗透到学生的语言意识之中,就会在写作中自觉不自觉地加以运用、创造和发展。13、C 14、C 15、C 16、D17、A18、B19、B20、B21、A 22、A 第 11 页