常考动词十五类.doc

(完整word)常考动词十五类
常考动词十五类
动词是英语中最活跃的词类,是句子的核心成分。
一、连系动词类
1．变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go， turn， grow， get， fall等。
2．感觉类表人体部位的感受,如feel， smell, taste, look, sound appear, seem, look等。
3．状态类表事物所处的状态,如keep， come, run, remain， stand, lie， stay， prove等。
连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel， get, become, grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如:
the mixture is tasted terrible。（误）
the mixture tastes terrible（正）
二、感官动词类
常考的感官动词有see， watch, notice, observe， hear， feel， find, catch等.感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。
1．后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。
I often heard the song sung, but i have never heard you sing it.
When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the chinese football team win.
2．后接v-ing形式表伴随的动作。
Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy。
Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast。
3．后接v-ed形式表被动意义。
After his return twenty years later， he found his home town greatly changed。
Although i had learnt some English, i had never heard a word of it spoken.
三、使役动词类
表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词,如make， let, have, keep, leave, set， send等.使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况：
1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式,表“使／让某人／某物做某事”。
Don’t make him do it if he doesn't want to。
If you have any problems, just let me know。
在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中。
He was made to apologize to the guest.
2。 have, keep， leave, send, set， get等后接v—ing形式,表持续性动作.
I'm sorry to keep you waiting for so long。
why do you have him worrying about his lessons？
3. have， keep, leave等后接v—ed形式，表被动含义。
He didn't keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired.
I'll keep you informed as soon as i have the news.
四、含情感色彩的动词
这类动词有excite， inspire, encourage， interest， satisfy， delight， please, move， frighten, surprise， amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish， disappoint, discourage， exhaust， puzzle, tire， terrify等.情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语,有v—ing和v-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语,v-ed形式指人,v-ing形式则指事物。
The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.
That disappointing result!
We were all disappointed with it。
Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit。
五、后接不定式动词类
afford, agree， choose， determine， expect, decide, learn, offer， mange, hope, want, wish， promise， refuse， fail, pretend， happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。
Thank you for offering to help, but i can manage myself.
He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy。
六、后接v—ing形式动词类
该类动词常考的有appreciate， avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape， finish, hate， imagine， keep, mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist， risk, stand, suggest 等.这些动词须接v-ing形式作宾语。例如；
I don’t mind waiting, but I've got to stand in the cold wind。
have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan？
Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken english。
七、后接不定式与v-ing形式意义不同动词类
remember， try, regret， mean， forget， stop， go on， can't help等后接不定式与v-ing形式作宾语,表达含义不同。见下表：
动词
接动名词作宾语
接不定式作宾语
remember
过去发生的动作
将来的动作
try
尝试做某事
努力做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着做某事
企图(打算）做某事
can’t help
禁不住做某事
不能帮助做某事
go on
继续做未完成的事情
做完一件事后，接着做另一件事
forget
忘记以前曾做过某事
忘记做某事
stop
中断正在做的事情
中断正在做的事去做别的事
例如：
I remember being pad， but I’ve forgotten the exact amount。
Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.
I don't really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards。
八、进行时态表将来意义动词类
这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go， come, start, arrive， take， leave， move等.例如：
When are going off to for shanghai？
Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month。
九、主动表被动动词类
英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义,可分为以下三种情况:
1．某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash， write, last, read, wear等.这种“动词＋副词”结构,常表示事物内部特有的属性。
this kind of cloth washes well and lasts long。
the pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
written in simple English， this article reads easily.
2．某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业），close（关门），shut（关闭）,cut(切割），weigh（重）， act（上演）等。
The door won’t shut.
This shop opens much earlier than it used to.
Each stone weighs 2 tons.
3．某些不及物动词，如happen， occur, cost以及短语,如come out（出版），come up（出现），come into being（产生）come to one’s mind想起），turn out（证明是），come about（发生），break out（爆发），belong to (属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century。 suddenly an idea came to his mind.
It never occurred to me to phone you.
十、虚拟语气动词类
insist， order, command, suggest， advise, propose， ask， require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)＋动词原形”。
the guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules。
the rule requires that everyone， young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year.
十一、省略替代类
believe， think， suppose, guess, hope， expect, imagine， would like/ love， be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等.例如:
-Do you think Norman would have lent me his car i had asked him to?
—Yes, i ，think so。
—Will you be able to come to my birthday party?
—I’d love to， but I'm too busy.
注意：believe, think, suppose， guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说i believe (think， suppose guess) not，也可以说i don’t believe （think, suppose guess) so,但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说i hope (expect） not以及I'm afraid not
十二、否定转移类
think， believe， guess, suppose, imagine， expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构,常将否定词not前移到主句中。
I don’t think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work.
He doesn’t think tom will make an excellent player。
当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句,后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：
I don't think there is anything else i need, is there?
he doesn't believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he？
十三、带介词to的动词短语类
这类短语有be （get） used to， lead to, devote…to, look forward to， stick to, object to, get down to, There is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时,要用v-ing形式。例如：
I’ve got used to driving in all kinds of weather.
as soon as she returned home from abroad， she got down to preparing supper for children.
注意区分介词to与不定式符号to
He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left. (used to表“过去常常",to为不定式符号,be used to 表“习惯于”，to为介词）
I'm looking forward to seeing you soon。（look forward to意思是“盼望，期待”，to为介词。)
He looked forward to see what was happening. (look forward意为“向前看",to see是不定式作目的状语.)
十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类
这类动词常考的有go, come， leave， start， return, begin， arrive， stop, finish， borrow, lend, open, close， die， become， break, join， marry， employ， graduate等。瞬间(非延续性动词)表短暂性的动作,因此不可与表“段时间”的for/ since短语或since从句连用。例如：
he has come here for three years.(误)
he has been here for three years。（正）
it is three years since he came here.（正）
十五、计划未能实现类
intend， mean， hope， wish, plan, expect, think, want, suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。
1．该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。
I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift.
I had panned to call on you, but i was too busy to get away.
2．该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的完成式或一般式。
I'd like to have arrived on time， but i was caught on the traffic jam。