雅思阅读分类词汇(场景).doc

.
IELTS阅读分类词汇

===阅读分类词汇===心理
theorem 原理，定理v.s. theory
methodology 方法论 (method)
physiology 生理学 (physiological)
psychiatry 精神病学psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysis
correlation 相互关系correlation coefficient
sensation 感觉，知觉 (另)轰动 sensational
perception 感知，认知
intuition 知觉 (intuitive)
ESP 第六感 (Extrasensory Perception)
motivate 激励à motivation (^ bonus, commission, …)
incentive 激励因素
stimulus 刺激à stimulate, stimulation
disorder 紊乱，失调
dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function
dissonance 不和谐，不一致dis + son(sound) +ance
trauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11
anxiety 焦虑 (= anxiousness)
depression 沮丧 (de + press + ion)~ depressedv.s. repression (压抑)
insomnia 失眠
phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobia
acrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFL…
enophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers
claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place
allergy 过敏(症)，反感 ( allergic)He is allergic to card playing.
propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclination
paranoid 偏执的 paranoia (偏执狂)
workaholic 工作狂 ( alcoholic)
symptom 症状
diagnosis 诊断(n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”
electroencephalogram 脑电图^ electrocardiogram (心电图)
assertive 武断的 ( assert)
therapy 治疗法group therapy
hypnotism 催眠术 (~ hypnotize)
prescribe 开药方v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribeà prescription: ~ drugs
antidepressant 抗抑郁药
tranquilizer 镇静药 ( tranquil)
side-effect (+s) 副作用
immune 免疫的，免除的 ( immunity)
rehabilitation 复原，康复
relapse 旧病复发，故态复萌v.s. elapse 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，
不舍昼夜！
chronic 慢性的
adulthood ＜＞ childhood
puberty 青春发动期
adolescence 青春期 (the time of life between puberty and adulthood)
emotional ＜＞ rational
affective 情感的 ( affection)
sane 神智健全的 insane
superstition 迷信superstitious
telepathy 传心术，通灵术tele(far away) + pathy(heart)^ numerology, palmistry
apathy 无感情，无兴趣，冷漠 (= indifference) sympathy: sym(same) + pathy
pathology 病理学，病理，病变
delusion 迷惑，欺瞒v.s. illusion
disorientation 迷失 (dis + orientation)~ disoriented
pervert 使反常/变态 反常/变态者 perversion
introspection 内省v.s. retrospection (回顾，反省)
sublimation 纯化，升华 sublime
personality = personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格)
innate 天赋的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenital
attribute 属性 (à attributable)
trait 特征，品质national traits 国民性vs. traitor

===阅读分类词汇===科技
ubiquitous 普遍存在的= omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)
versatile (人)多才多艺的，(物)通用的à versatility
alchemy 炼金术
transmute 变形，变质transmute silver into gold (!)
arduous 艰巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous task
pitfall 陷阱，未预见之困难
metallurgy 冶金
alloy 合金
aluminum = aluminium (BE)^ calcium, uranium, radium ,copper, brass, bronze
electrode 电极
distill 蒸馏 distilled water
quartz 石英
phosphorus 磷，磷光物质
inflammable 易燃的 ( flame)
combustion 燃烧 (combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus)
ceramic 陶瓷的 瓷器 (ceramics)
insulate 隔离，绝缘insulator (＜＞ conductor＝
fiber 纤维 (BE: fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学)
optics 光学 (à optical)
retina 视网膜
iris 虹膜
opaque 不透明的v.s. transparent, translucent
microprocessor 微处理器^ CPU(Central Processing Unit), chip
binary 二进制的
integrate integration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)
buffer 缓冲区buffer storage
browser 浏览器 ( IE, Netscape)
hypertext 超文本
envisage 想象，看作 en + vis(see) + age be envisaged as
momentous (极为)重要的v.s. momentary
reticular 网状的
Ethernet 以太网
domain 域 domain names
cyberlaw 网络法律 “cyber-“: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe, …
patent 专利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, ^ pirated software/VCD’s
chronological 按时间顺序的 “chron”: time^ chronic, chronicle, chronograph
robot 机器人(“肉包它”) robotics
artificial 人造的，做作的artificial satellite/smile
cone 圆锥体，锥形物the nose cone of a missile
Jupiter 木星 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn
exorbitant 过度的，过分的，过高的ex(out) + orbit + ant
centripetal 向心(力)的＜＞ centrifugal
high-rise 高楼 (~ skyscraper)
cathedral 大教堂
dome 圆顶 (a hemispherical roof)
infrastructure 基础设施＜＞ superstructure
sewage 污水，下水道
hydraulic 水力的，水压的
landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)
ventilation 通风
thermostat 温控器thermo(hot) + stat(steady)^ thermos, thermometer,
thermonuclear
prefabricate 预先制造 prefab (预制的)
polytechnic 各种工艺的 理工学校Hong Kong Polytechnic
geometric 几何(学)的 geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)
asymmetry 不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry(↑)＜＞ symmetry
concave 凹的 ＜＞ convex＝
bilateral 双边的，两方面的＜＞ unilateral
paradoxical “似非而是”的 paradox (悖论)
empirical 经验的empirical law/formula
clockwise 顺时针的 (＜＞ anticlockwise

===阅读分类词汇===教育
accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and board
lodging 寄宿(处)
lease 出租 “for lease”, “to let”v.s. rent
tenant 房客，佃户
landlord 房东 à landlady(f)ß Lord, ＜＞ tenant ,housemate ~ roommate, dormmate, schoolmate, classmate
dormitory 寝室 (abbrev. dorm)
au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework (另) = reciprocal
reciprocal 相互的，互惠的
hostel youth hostel~ hotel
real estate 房地产
vicinity = neighborhood
flat 平的，瘪的 flat tire公寓(= apartment)^ condo, studio
bond = deposit
linen 亚麻的 亚麻织品，床单(= bed linen)
utensil 器皿
stationery 文具 (v.s. stationary)
laundry 洗衣，洗衣店
cafeteria 自助餐厅~ canteen
cater 满足(需要)
aerobics 有氧健身操 “aero”: air
badminton 羽毛球(运动)
baseball 棒球 baseball bat
squash 壁球(运动)
amateur ＜＞ professional
gathering 聚会v.s. meeting, reunion
excursion 远足 (= outing, expedition)
commonwealth 共和国，联邦Commonwealth: 英联邦
tertiary 第三的After purchasing a house and a car, the next major life
expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.
primary à secondary à tertiary
post-secondary “post”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral, post-sale, postwar
illiterate 文盲 不识字的il(no) + literate(words)à illiteracy (＜＞ literacy＝
discipline 学科，纪律v.s. subject
terminology 术语
faculty department and staff of a college/university
dean (大学)教务长
curriculum 课程 (= course)à extracurricular 课外的
syllabus 课程提纲
calendar 日历，日程 (~ schedule, agenda, timetable)
compulsory 强制的，必修的＜＞ elective (选修的)
examiner ＜＞ examinee^ take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resit
recruit 招生，招募 recruitment= enroll
prestige 声望，威信à prestigious
esteem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/company
aptitude 智力SAT: School Aptitude Test
matriculation 录取入学
vocation 职业 (= calling, occupation, career) à vocational
vocational education
TAFE Technical And Further Education (Australian)
abbreviation 缩略(词)~ abridge (缩短，删节)
transferable (学分等)可转换的
scholarship 奖学金= fellowship
tutorial 辅导(课)ß tutor (= lecturer, instructor)
pedagogue 教员，学究~ pedagogy (教育学，教学法) demagogue (政治煽动家)
lexicography 词典编撰 (à lexicographer)
assignment 任务，(课外)作业
dissertation 论文 (= thesis)
credential 证明，文凭 “cred”: creditlinguistic credentials
alumni 校友(男)＜＞ alumnae
overestimate 高估 (＜＞ underestimate＝
decipher 解码，解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culture
caliber 才干

===阅读分类词汇===文化
homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous(＜＞ heterogeneous＝^ homosexual, heterosexual
mainstream 主流 主流的
dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)
discrepancy 差异
misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding
barrier 障碍(物)~ bar, = barricade
discrimination 区别，歧视racial/sexual discriminationß discriminate (+against)
hierarchy 等级制度heir + arch(govern) + y
insularity 岛国性质 (ß insular, ^island) .
microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)
nostalgia = homesickness
patriot 爱国者 (＜＞ traitor＝à patriotic, patriotism
compatriot 同胞 同胞的com + patriot
vernacular 本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话the vernacular languages of India
Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish
immigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)
antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides
of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”
permeate 渗透，弥漫Smoke permeated the house.
entrepreneur 企业家 (~ enterprise)à entrepreneurship
practitioner 开业者，从业者praction(practice) + er
celebrity a famous person= luminary, VIP
proxy 代理人
anecdote 轶事 (à anecdotal)
notoriety 恶名 (ß notorious)
counterpart 对应人，对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China
counterculture, counterbalance
peer 同等的人 凝视，窥视(~ peep)
subordinate 下级 下级的＜＞ superior
tactics 战术，技巧v.s. strategy (战略，策略) marketing strategy v.s. selling
tactics
nuance a subtle difference in meaning
benchmarking 类比分析
punctual 准时的，守时的 (à punctuality)
absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeism
flextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + time
harass 骚扰 (à harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.
redundancy 冗余，冗员network redundancy
downsize 裁员 (~ lay off)
ballot 投票 (= vote)
impartial 不偏不倚的 (＜＞ partial＝
lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)
shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from
which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)
equilibrium 平衡，均衡
questionnaire 调查表，问卷
quantitative 定量的 (＜＞ qualitative＝
contingency 偶然性，偶然事件
incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recur
ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的~ ethics, ＜＞ unethical
dubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.
manifestation 显示，证明 (ß manifest)
subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE:
underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts)
dubbing 配音录制
vogue 时尚 ^ chic
bizarre 奇异的v.s. weird (怪异的)
mediocre 平庸的
dietitian 饮食学家 (~ diet)
connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carte

===雅思阅读分类词汇===-生物/生理
molecule 分子à molecular
cell cellular
amino à amino acids (氨基酸)
protein 蛋白质
enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in
specific biochemical reactions)
catalyst 催化剂
chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”: Cl
photosynthesis 光合作用 (photo + synthesis)à photosynthetic
botany 植物学 (＜＞ zoology＝à botanist, botanical
flora 植物群
fauna 动物群
bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌
fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌
algae alga (pl.) 海藻
herb à herbal: ~ teaà herbicide (^ insecticide, pesticide)
carnation 康乃馨à reincarnation
fade 凋谢，褪色
organism 机体，组织ß organ
arthropod 节肢动物v.s. anthropoid (↓)
reptile 爬行动物
amphibian 两栖动物
mammal 哺乳动物 (ß mamma!)
primate 灵长目动物
evolution 进化 (ß evolve)
anthropoid 类人猿 (“anthrop”: humankind)~ anthropology, philanthropy v.s.
ape, gorilla, chimpanzee
gene 基因^ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)~ genome (基因组)
genetics 遗传学 (à genetical)
helix 螺旋，螺旋壮物… analyze every single gene within the double helix
of humanity’s DNA
identical 同一的~ identity (à ID card)^ clone
mutation 突变 gene mutationà mutable, immutable, mutant
predator 捕食者 (＜＞ prey＝
embryo 胚胎à embryonic (萌芽的)
roe 鱼子＞＞＞ caviar (鱼子酱)
tadpole 蝌蚪＞＞＞ frog, toad (^ told)
caterpillar 毛毛虫 (cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT)
grasshopper 蚱蜢，蝗虫 (= locust)grass + hopper, ^ bellhop
cricket 蟋蟀 (另)板球
butterfly v.s. moth^ dragonfly, firefly
pollen 花粉 传粉à pollinate, pollination
hive 蜂房＞＞＞ honey, ^ concoction
larva larvae (pl.) 幼虫v.s. lava
pupa 蛹à pupate
penguin 企鹅v.s. dolphin (海豚)
raccoon 浣熊v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠)
hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up)
torpid 麻木的，蛰伏的v.s. torpedo (鱼雷)
cerebral (大)脑的
hemisphere 半球 (hemi + sphere)
cortex 脑皮层
migraine 偏头疼ß migrant
somatic 躯体的
limb 四肢 upper/lower limb
anatomy 解剖，剖析
paralyze 使瘫痪 (=incapacitate, immobilize)
artery 动脉 (＜＞ vein＝
gland 腺体
pancreas 胰
hormone 荷尔蒙，激素
cholesterol 胆固醇
efficacy 功效v.s. efficiency, effectiveness

===雅思阅读分类词汇===环境问题
conservation 保护，保存 (ß conserve)v.s. conversation
environmentalist = conservationist
acid 酸 酸的 (＜＞alkali＝acid rain
carbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
fume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smog
petroleum 石油à petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)à unleaded petrol/gas
ozone 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layer
ooze 渗出 渗出物
radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation~ radioactive
greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases
solar 太阳的 (solar energy)^ lunar (lunar calendar)
phenomenon 现象
catastrophe = disaster, cataclysm
deterioration 恶化 (ß deteriorate)
extinction 灭绝 (ß extinct)
species endangered species
drought 干旱 (^ “找它”)＞＞＞ famine v.s. flooding
recurrent 反复发生的re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrent
inundate 淹没 ^ “淹掉它”
embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment)
sediment 沉积（物）= deposit
delta 三角洲the Pearl River Delta
alluvial 冲积的
desertification (v.s. dessert)
dust-storm 沙尘暴^ thunderstorm, brainstorm
barren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的
dune sand dune the game “DUNE”!
attributable 归因于be attributable to…
deforestation 滥砍滥伐（森林）de + forest + ation＜＞ afforestation/reforestation
log 原木，日志 伐木v.s. logo
vegetation 植物，植被v.s. vegetable, vegetarian
habitat 栖息地ß habit (Habit is the second nature.)
ecosystem 生态系统 (eco + system)~ ecology
viability ß viable “vi”: life养育能力One tool for assessing the impact of
forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.
demographic 人口统计的 demo(people) + graph(write) + ic
interdependence inter + dependence
counterbalance 使平衡，弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balance
mechanism 机理，机制
precipitation 陡降，降水 (ß precipice)＜＞ evaporation
circulation 流通，循环
tide à tidal wave (海啸)＜＞ ebb ＜＜＜ earthquake
typhoon ~ tornado, hurricane
meteorology 气象(学)
volcano 火山
eruption 喷发 (ß erupt)volcanic eruption ＞＞＞ lava
granite 花岗岩
imminent = impending v.s. eminent
Celsius 摄氏的 37OCv.s. centigrade
Fahrenheit 华氏的
latitude 纬度(另) longitude, altitude
tropical ß (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zone
glacier 冰川
dump 倾倒，倾销à anti-dumping
contaminate 弄脏 (à contaminant)
recycle 回收再利用
irreversible 不可逆的 (= irrevocable)
reclaim 开垦，改造 à reclamation
contentious 有争议的 (ß contend)Many environmental issues today are highly
contentious.
opt 选择(+ for) à option
prioritize 优先考虑 (ß prior, priority)

===雅思分类词汇===医院
mental hospital 精神病医院 clinic诊所
physician/internist 内科医生 oculist/eye doctor眼科医生
surgon 外科医生 dentist牙医 vet兽医 shrink心理医生
symptom 症状
have/catch a cold 感冒
have a sore throat 嗓子痛
have a stomachache 胃痛
have a fever 发烧
pneumonia 肺炎
flu 流感
have a cough 咳嗽
have a headache头痛
have a toothache牙痛
liver trouble 肝炎
allergy 过敏症
twisted/sprained扭伤的
feel dizzy 头晕
feel chilly 觉得发冷
asthma 哮喘
diabetics糖尿病患者
cramps抽筋
vomit/throw up/nauseate呕吐
diarrhea腹泻
vomitive/pukey恶心的
luggies/phlegm痰
have a stuffed nose鼻子不通
cholera霍乱
stiff neck脖子发僵
abscess脓肿
yellow fever黄热病
hay fever枯草热
pills药丸
mixture合剂
eyedrops眼药水
syrup糖浆
pad药棉块
vitamin维他命
tablet药片
penicillin盘尼西林
antibiotic
抗生素
ointment药膏
medication药物
aspirin阿司匹林
bandage绷带
syringe注射器
stethoscope听诊器
injection注射
preventive injection预防