英语系动词的分类.doc

(完整版)英语系动词的分类英语系动词的分类 系动词词义不完整,在句中不能单独使用(除省略句外）,后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语. 一、系动词的分类： 常见的系动词大致可分为三类. 第一类:表示特征或状态的，有be， look， feel， seem， appear, smell， taste， sound， turn， out（结果是、证明是)等. You”ll be all right soon。 You don”t look very well。 I feel rather cold。 He seems to be ill。 It appears that he is unhappy。 The roses smell sweet。 The mixture tasted horrible。 How sweet the music sounds！ The day turned out (to be） a fine one。 第二类:表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化,有become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run等。 He became a world-famous scientist。 It is getting warmer and warmer。 It grew dark。 The food has turned bad。 Yesterday he suddenly fell ill。 Marys face went red。 His dream has come true。 The boy”s blood ran cold. 第三类:表示保持状态的,有keep， remain， continue等。 Keep quiet, children！ The weather continued fine for a long time。 It remains to be proved。 系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句，系动词be可用于上述所有情况.如： The pepople are the real heroes。（名词） That”s something we have always to keep in mind。（代词） She is often the first to come here。(数词） She is pretty and wise。（形容词) The news was surprising。（分词） His job is teaching English.（动名词） The only method is to give the child more help.（不定式） I must be off now。（副词） The bridge is under construction。（介词短语） hat would be a great weight off my mind。（词组） This is why he was late.（从句） 二、系动词的使用特点： 1. 所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例. Our future will be beautiful。 She looks unhappy today。 do you feel cold? You seem/appear ill。 The food tastes delicious。 The weather is turning/ growing/ becoming/ getting cold。 he often went hungry。 2。 能用名词作表语的系动词有：be， become， turn sound， remain， seem等。 He was a postman six years ago. He has become a famous doctor。 He turned traiter to his country。 That sounds a good idea。 He remains an ordinary worker. He seems a stranger to me。 3。 能用不定式作表语的系动词有：appear, seem， get， prove, remain， turn out等。 She appears/ seems to be very young。 He appears/ seems to have caught cold。 They got to be friends。 The meeting turned out to be successful。 The theory proved to be right。 Much remains to be done. 4. 能接从句的有：be， seem， appear， sound， look等. That”s why he fell ill。 My idea is that we should help him。 It seems/ appears to me that something is wrong。 It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house。 Your voice sounds as if you had a cold。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 5。 能接介词短语的有：be， feel, look, sound， taste， remain等。 be是特别活跃的系动词,其后可接很多介词短语作表语。 He is at home/ in the library/ on the way home/ on holiday。 The police are after him。 He is at work on a new invention。 He found the girl was in tears. They are on duty/ on strike/ on leave. The road is under repair。 其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。如： It feels like a rain. It looks like a rain。 It sounds like a train going under my room。 It tastes of apples。（这有苹果的味道。） The concert remains in my memory。 6。 能接分词的系动词有：be， become, get， grow， seem， appear等. It is report was surpring/ disappointing/ delighting/ moving/ astonishing The boy was moved/ delighted/ surprised/ disappointed/ astonished. He has become/ got/ grown/ interested in modern physics。 He seems/ appears drunk。 系动词后还可接代词、数词、动名词、副词及其词组，基本都是be的用法。其他系动词几乎不能这样用或很少这样用，这里就不再赘述了。 表语是说明主语身份，职业，性质，状态或特征的句子成分，它只能与 sein, werden, bleiben, scheinen, heissen 这些联系动词连用: 可做表语的词类和形式 1 名词或代词 Sie ist Krankenschwester。 她是护士。 Das ist es gerade! 正巧是这么回事儿. 2- 副词 Die Zeit ist um。 时间到了。 3 形容词，分词，数词 她好漂亮。 . 由于生病，歌唱家只好将此音乐会改期。 4- 第二格和第四格名词 他在工厂工作了一整天. 一天，闪电打到我家的房子上。 5 不定式短语 如其用语言来描述，还不如我给你看图片. 时候用BE，有时候用IS、ARE，怎么区别使用当句子中有情态动词，系动词用be.如:must,can,need，should等作主语后都用be。当句子中只有名词时，可用is,are。如果该名词是可数名词，那么当它是复数形式则用are.如果该名词是单数形式或不可数名词，则用is。当然，are,is是用于一般现在时和一般将来时，而be可用于一般现在时,一般将来时，过去时，完成时等时态。(在完成时态中,be可不加情态动词)