机械设计制造及其自动化优质毕业设计外文翻译.doc

英文原文名 Automatic production line PLC control of automatic feeding station 汉字译名 基于PLC自动化生产线自动上料站控制 汉字译文：自动化生产线自动上料站PLC控制自动生产线是由工件传送系统和控制系统，将一组自动机床和辅助设备根据工艺次序联结起来，自动完成产品全部或部分制造过程生产系统，简称自动线。二十世纪20年代，伴随汽车、滚动轴承、小电机和缝纫机和其它工业发展,机械制造业开始出现在自动生产线,第一个是组合机床自动线。在20世纪20年代,第一次出现在汽车工业流水生产线和半自动生产线,然后发展成自动生产线。第二次世界大战后,在机械制造工业发达国家,自动生产线数量急剧增加。采取自动生产线生产产品应该足够大,产品设计和技术应该是优异、稳定和可靠,基础上保持了很长一段时间维持不变。自动线用于大,大规模生产能够提升劳动生产率,稳定和提升产品质量,改善劳动条件,降低生产区域,降低生产成本,缩短生产周期,确保生产平衡、显著经济效益。自动生产线一个干预指定程序或命令自动操作或控制过程,我们目标是稳定、正确、快速。自动化技术广泛用于工业、农业、军事、科学研究、交通运输、商业、医疗、服务和家庭,等自动化生产线不仅能够使大家从繁重体力劳动、部分脑力劳动和恶劣、危险工作环境,能扩大人器官功效,极大地提升劳动生产率,提升大家认识世界能力,能够改变世界。下面我说下它应用范围：机械制造业中有铸造、铸造、冲压、热处理、焊接、切削加工和机械装配等自动线，也有包含不一样性质工序，如毛坯制造、加工、装配、检验和包装等综合自动线。加工自动线发展最快,应用最广泛机械制造。关键包含:用于处理盒、外壳、多种多样部件,如组合机床自动线;用于加工轴、盘部分,由通用、专业化、或自动机器自动专线;转子加工自动线;转子自动线加工过程简单、小零件等。1.确保节拍时间:不管什么样产品,全部必需完成时间生产。2.单元过程:只有一个产品,单位部分处理、组装、加工和材料。3.先导器：了解为视觉设备节拍时间。4.U型生产线:校准设备根据项目订单逆时针方向,和一个人负责出口和入口。5.AB控制:只有当没有产品工程,工程产品,使项目。6.灯光:传达我们产品线过程改变装置。7.后工程领取:在产品生产线,以满足项目需求。设备联接：自动线中设备联结方法有刚性联接和柔性联接两种。在刚性联接自动线中，没有装载装置,工件加工和传输过程有严格节奏。当暂停设备故障,将造成政府关门。所以,刚性连接自动生产线工作需要高可靠性多种设备。在自动生产线柔性连接,每个工序(或部分)之间加载装置,比无须严格在每个过程是一致,短暂停顿,一个设备能够由存放设备在一定时间来调整平衡,从而不会影响其它设备正常工作。集成自动生产线、装配、自动线路和时间组合机床自动线通常采取柔性连接。组成部分：自动线路传输系统通常包含机床和工件装载装置,传动装置和加载装置。在转子加工自动线,传动装置,包含重力式输送机或迫使槽或进料输送机,推广、传输和配电装置等。有时,机械手完成转运装置功效。在组合机床自动线工件有适宜输送机基础,采取直接传输方法,传输设备有多种步进式输送机、传输装置和翻转装置形状不规则,没有合适传输基础表面工件,通常在托盘位置和运输,这种情况将增加托盘返回设备。自动生产线控制系统关键是用于确保机床传动系统,工件,依据相关要求和辅助设备正常工作工作周期和联锁要求,检验设备和信号设备和麻烦。适应要求自动生产线调试和正常运行,控制系统有三种工作状态:,半自动和自动调整。调整能够手动操作和调整,实现单机每个行动;在半自动可实现单机单工作;在自动传输机能够连续工作。控制系统有其“停止”控制功效、停车、传送机在正常工作条件下需要完成一个工作循环,每个机床运动部件上停车后回到原来位置。自动设置其它辅助设备根据步骤和自动化程度要求,比如洗衣机工件自动检测装置,自动工具改变装置,自动芯片系统和冷却系统,等。为了提升生产力,自动行必需确保自动生产线工作可靠性。关键影响原因自动生产线可靠性工作是加工质量和设备稳定运行可靠性。自动生产线发展方向关键是提升生产率和增加通用性和灵活性。为了适应多个生产需要,调整开发能够快速可调自动生产线。这生产线是一套基于PLC控制教学系统,也是一套模块化生产实训系统。它集电气控制、PLC应用、传感器和气动等多个技术于一体, 由自动上料、传输检测、真空分拣、颜色分拣、位置调整、配件供给和装配下料等七个工作站组成。自动上料站功效是为其它工作站提供工件。工件由气动机械手抓取,经平移,升降,摆动等动作,放到输送带上,然后回归原位。1.系统硬件设计自动上料模块是整个自动生产线系统起始单元,关键由工件装料管和推出装置,支架,阀组,终端组件、PLC、按钮、槽底板,等。关键功效是被放置在一个掩体工件自动推到材料板,方便运输单元机械手抓取和输送。有手动和自动两种操作方法。操作前应确保进料板材料。1.1 动作过程上料单元主体是一个转动料盘,料盘上设置两个管形料仓。在料盘口对应上料位置安装了漫反射光电开关,功效是检测材料装在盘子里。当工件将达成位置,光电开关检测工件存在,然后系统提供本单位圆盘材料工件信号。在输送单元控制程序中,您能够使用信号状态构件驱动机械手装置,去旅游。本在重力作用下工件自动向下移动工件,准备下一个抓取工件。假如目前盘没有工件,材料板将在程序控制下预期位置继续测试。直到两个菜没有工件,材料板停止转动。1.2 气动回路设计气动控制回路是本工作单元实施机构,由气动机械手和上料转盘组成,完成上料和取料。机械手在结构上由两个直线气缸、一个摆动气缸和气爪组成。归位状态为:气爪闭,平移缸退,升降缸落,摆缸0。一个工作循环:气爪闭气爪开升降缸升平移缸进气爪闭平移缸退摆缸180平移缸进升降缸落 气爪开平移缸退升降缸升摆缸0。机械手能够完成翻译,举重和摆动臂爪抓取动作,由磁性靠近开关安装在每个气缸缸测试极限位置,然后由PLC实现位置控制。五两位五通双电动电磁阀安装在搜集器板,控制机械臂平移、起重和摆动控制和上料盘旋转动作。1.3 PLC控制在上料单元中,检测磁开关、位置缸材料盘没有光电开关工件,传输拥塞检测传感器和控制按钮,PLC,总共14个输入终端接收信号。电磁阀来控制运动输出,故障信号和信号,共13个输出终端。能够选择西门子s7 - 300关键单位和从站之间信息交换。2.系统软件设计PLC梯形图程序设计方法有经验法和次序控制法两种。次序控制设计法基础思想是将系统一个工作周期划分为若干个次序相连步,用编程元件(比如存放器位M)来代表,在任何一步内各输出量状态不变。使系统由目前步进入下一步信号称为转换条件,它能够是外部输入信号,如按钮、限位开关通断等。也能够是PLC内部产生信号,如定时器和计数器触点信号。使用次序控制设计方法时,首先依据系统工艺步骤,所表示次序功效图,再依据次序功效图画出梯形图来完成程序设计。The original textAutomatic production line PLC control of automatic feeding stationAutomatic production line is composed of the workpiece transmission system and control system, a set of automatic machine and auxiliary equipment in accordance with the process sequence, completion of all or part of the manufacturing process production system, automatic line for short. The 20th century 20 s, as car, rolling bearings, small motor and sewing machines and other industrial development, machinery manufacturing industry began to appear in automatic production line, the first is the modular machine tool automatic line. In the 1920 s, first appeared in the automotive industry running water production line and semi-automatic production lines, and then developed into the automatic production line. After the second world war, in the machinery manufacturing industry in developed countries, the number of automatic production line has increased dramatically. Adopt the products of the automatic production line should be large enough, the product design and technology should be advanced, stable and reliable, remained largely unchanged for a long time. Automatic line for large, mass production can improve labor productivity, stability and improve product quality, improve labor condition, reduce the production area, reduce the production cost, shorten production cycle, guarantee the production of balance, significant economic benefits. Automatic production line of an intervention in a specified program or command automatic operation or control of process, our goal is to be stable, accurate and fast. Automation technology is widely used in industry, agriculture, military, scientific research, transportation, business, health, services, and family, such as automatic production line can not only make people from heavy manual labor, parts of mental Labour and bad, dangerous working conditions, can expand human organ function, greatly improve the labor productivity, improve the ability of people to know the world, can change the world. Below I say under its scope of application: In mechanical manufacturing casting, forging, stamping, heat treatment, welding, machining and mechanical assembly, automatic line, also to have the process including different properties, such as blank manufacturing, machining, assembly, testing and packaging of integrated automatic line. Processing and automatic line fastest growing, most widely used machinery manufacturing. Mainly includes: used for processing box, shell, all kinds of parts, such as the combination machine tools automatic line; Used for machining shaft, plate part, by gm, specialization, or automatic machine automatic line; Rotor processing automatic line; Rotor automatic line, such as simple process, small parts. 1. Ensure the takt time: no matter what kind of products, are required to complete the time of production. 2. Unit process: only a product, the unit parts processing, assembly, processing and materials. 3. The guide: understand the takt time for visual devices. 4. U-shaped line: calibration equipment in accordance with the project order counterclockwise, and a person in charge of export and entry. 5. AB control: only when there is no product engineering, product engineering, make the project. 6. Lighting: convey our product process change device. 7. After the engineering drawing: in the product line, in order to meet project requirements. Equipment connection: Automatic line of the connection device has two kinds of rigid connection and flexible connection. In rigid connection automatic line, there is no loading device, processing and transmission process has strict rhythm. When the suspension of equipment failure, will lead to shut down the government. Therefore, rigid connection of automatic production line work need high reliability of various equipment. In the automatic production line of flexible connections, each working procedure (or parts) between the loading device, than dont have to be strict in each process is consistent, a brief pause, a device can be made by a storage device in a certain time to adjust the balance, thus will not affect the normal work of the other devices. Integrated automatic production line, assembly, automatic line and time combination machine tools automatic line usually adopt flexible connection. Components: Automatic line transmission system generally includes machine tools and the workpiece loading device, transmission device and load device. In rotor machining automatic line, transmission device, including gravity conveyor or force or feed conveyor trough, the promotion, transmission and distribution equipment, etc. Sometimes, the function of the manipulator to complete the transfer device. In combination machine tools automatic line artifacts have suitable conveyor foundation, USES the direct transmission mode, transmission equipment has a variety of stepping conveyor, transmission device and flip device irregular shape, without proper transmission based on the surface of the workpiece, usually in the tray location and transportation, this kind of situation will increase the pallet return equipment. Automatic production line control system is mainly used to ensure the machine tool driving system, artifacts, and auxiliary equipment in accordance with the relevant regulations of the normal work of the work cycle and interlocking requirements, test equipment and signal equipment and trouble. Adapt to the requirement of automatic production line of the debugging and running, there are three kinds of working state: control system, semi-automatic and automatic adjustment. Adjustments can be manual operation and adjustment, realize single machine every action; In the semi-automatic can realize single machine single work; In the automatic transmission machine can work continuously. Control system has its stop control function, parking, transfer machine in normal working conditions need to complete a work cycle, each machines moving parts on back to its original position after parking. Other auxiliary equipment automatically set according to the requirements of process and automation degree, workpiece automatic detection devices such as washing machine, automatic tool change device, automatic chip system and cooling system, etc. In order to improve the productivity, automatic line must ensure that the work reliability of the automatic production line. Main factors influencing the reliability of the automatic production line of work is the reliability of the processing quality and the equipment and stable operation. The development direction of automatic production line mainly is to improve the productivity and increase the versatility and flexibility. In order to meet the needs of a variety of production, adjustment of development can be quickly adjustable automatic production line. This production line is a set of teaching system based on PLC control, is also a set of modular production training system. It sets, sensors, PLC application and electric control of pneumatic and other technology in one, by the automatic feeding, transmission detection, vacuum sorting, color sorting, position adjustment, spare parts supply and assembly blanking seven workstations, etc. The function of automatic feeding station is to provide other workstations artifacts. Artifacts by pneumatic manipulator grasping, through translation, lifting and swinging movements, such as on the conveyor belt, and then return to the in situ. 1. The hardware design of the system Automatic feeding unit module is the start of the automatic production line system, mainly by the workpiece loading and launching device, stents, valve group, terminal components, PLC, button, groove bottom, etc. Main function is to be placed in a bunker workpiece automatically pushed to the material plate, so that the manipulator grasping and transmission of transport unit. Have both manual and automatic operation mode. Before the operation should ensure that feed plate material. 1.1 action process Feeding unit main body is a rotating tray, tray set on two tubular bin. In the position of the dish on the corresponding material installed diffuse photoelectric switch, function is to detect material served on plates. When the workpiece will reach position, photoelectric switch to detect the existence of the workpiece, and the system to provide the unit disk material artifacts signal. In conveying unit control program, you can use the signals of the state of the component to drive the manipulator device, to travel. This under the action of gravity, the workpiece automatically move down the artifacts, ready for the next grab artifacts. If the current plate without artifacts, material plate will continue to test the expected position under program control. Until the two dishes no artifacts, material plate stop running. 1.2 the pneumatic circuit design Pneumatic actuator, control loop is the unit of work consists of pneumatic manipulator and feeding wheel, finish loading and discharge. Manipulator in structure consists of two straight line of cylinder, a swinging cylinder and claw. Place status to: paw closed gas, shift cylinder, lifting cylinder, cylinder 0 . A working cycle: the paw closed - gas claws open - qi - translation cylinder into - claw gas cylinder closed - translational cylinder to cylinder 180 , back translation cylinder into the gas - lift cylinder fall - claw open to shift cylinder annealing, lifting cylinder to cylinder 0 . Robots can do translation, lifting and swinging arm claw grasping motion, by magnetic proximity switch installed in each cylinder cylinder test limit position, and then by the PLC to realize position control. WuLiangWei five-way double electric solenoid valve installed on the collector plate, control of mechanical arm translation, lifting and swinging control and feeding plate rotating movement. 1.3 PLC control In feeding unit, magnetic switch, position detection plate cylinder material without artifacts photoelectric switch, transmission congestion detection sensor and control buttons, PLC, a total of 14 received signal input terminal. Electromagnetic valve to control the movement of the output, the fault signal and the signal, a total of 13 output terminals. The main unit can choose Siemens s7-300 and the exchange of information between from the station. 2. The software design of the system Design method of PLC ladder diagram program has two kinds of empirical method and sequence control. Sequential control design method is the basic idea of the system of a working cycle is divided into several connected to a sequence of steps, with programming components (such as memory M) to represent, in any step in the state of each output unchanged. Make the system by the current step into the next step signal is called the transition conditions, it can be an external input signal, such as buttons, such as the limit switch on and off. Can also be a PLC, the signals produced by internal contact signals such as timers and counters. Using sequential control design method, first of all, based on the system of technological process, as shown in the order of the functional diagram, function drawing out the ladder diagram according to order to complete the program design.