高考英语完形填空解题思路与技巧课件(公开课)(PPT文档).ppt

从江一中英语高考从江一中英语高考二轮复习专题课二轮复习专题课2018.3.21 contentscontents：1.考纲分析2.主要特点3.技巧点拨技巧点拨6.课堂小结课堂小结5.真题演练真题演练4.经典例解经典例解1.考纲分析考纲分析2.主要特点主要特点1.考纲分析考纲分析1.高考完形填空词数高考完形填空词数250左右，选材以记叙文为主，夹叙夹议，设空左右，选材以记叙文为主，夹叙夹议，设空20个，首句不设空个，首句不设空2.文章主题明确，条理清晰，逻辑性强，语言地道，内容颇有教育意义，文章主题明确，条理清晰，逻辑性强，语言地道，内容颇有教育意义，有助于学生形成正确的情感态度和价值观有助于学生形成正确的情感态度和价值观3.做该类题时间为做该类题时间为15分钟，文章难度相当于必修教材分钟，文章难度相当于必修教材句内层次题：是指空格的答案由空格所在句子决定句内层次题：是指空格的答案由空格所在句子决定(容易容易)句组层次题：是指空格的答案与空格相距不远的一组句子决定句组层次题：是指空格的答案与空格相距不远的一组句子决定(较易较易)语篇层次题：语篇层次题：是指空格的答案与语篇文章的内涵决定是指空格的答案与语篇文章的内涵决定(较难较难)1.语境为主，语法极少：语境为主，语法极少：2.干扰性强，重细微辨析干扰性强，重细微辨析3.实词为主，虚词为辅实词为主，虚词为辅4.纵观历年英语高考，会发现有些词和语法点是命题组特别纵观历年英语高考，会发现有些词和语法点是命题组特别偏爱的，例：名词偏爱的，例：名词:voice,customer;形容词形容词:surprise,impossible;副词副词:immediately,successfully;动动词词:go,come,annoy,continue等经常出现在选项中，且多为正等经常出现在选项中，且多为正确确5.，四个答案通常各，四个答案通常各5个，个，6.文章中出现的词在选项中复现，常为答案文章中出现的词在选项中复现，常为答案2.主要特点主要特点英语完形填空解题步骤英语完形填空解题步骤1.速览全文，把握大意。速览全文，把握大意。2.细读首句，摸清文路。细读首句，摸清文路。3.瞻前顾后，准确选择。瞻前顾后，准确选择。4.复核全文，调整答案。复核全文，调整答案。做完形填空必须读懂文章，前后逻辑一致；完形填空做完形填空必须读懂文章，前后逻辑一致；完形填空每个小题的正确答案都是有充分根据的，可以在文章每个小题的正确答案都是有充分根据的，可以在文章汇总找到具体的突破口也就是汇总找到具体的突破口也就是信息点信息点。解题时应联系。解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。2mins10mins2mins1mins3.技巧点拨技巧点拨1.首尾句进行预测首尾句进行预测2.语法分析语法分析3.固定搭配固定搭配4.固定句型固定句型5.复现信息复现信息6.排除法排除法 7.上下文逻辑关系上下文逻辑关系8.背景常识背景常识9.对比结构对比结构10.平行结构平行结构同时多关注熟词新义同时多关注熟词新义(已印发已印发)1.跳读首尾句进行预测跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when,where,who,what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。EvelynGlenniewasthefirstladyofsolopercussioninScotland.Inaninterview,sherecalledhowshebecameapercussionsoloist(打击乐器独奏演员)inspiteofherdisability.本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员EvelynGlennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想EvelynGlennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，EvelynGlennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。4.经典例解经典例解_doyousupposeheaskedforthem?A.WhatB.HowC.WhoD.Which演练：_Ihadbeenborninthe16thcentury,Iwouldhavehadnojob.A.BecauseB.WhileC.IfD.Since2.语法分析语法分析【解析】本题中，doyousuppose为插入成分。heaskedforthem是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked，而不能用代词What,Who或Which。【解析】根据后面的Ihadbeenborninthe16thcentury可知这只是个假设，是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导BCTheycouldtreadorwrite.Theydidntliketoworkandtheynever_baths.A.tookB.washedC.ranD.covered演练：Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwasuselessandwhenIwas14.Hesaid,“Yourenevergoingtobe_butafailure.”A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing3.固定搭配固定搭配【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配takeabath，意为“洗澡”。【解析】本题考查习语anythingbut，意为“决不”“根本不”，即校长认为我肯定是一个失败的人。AAIhaventhadaphoneinthehouseforthreeweeksnow,anditsseveraldays_Iusedaphonebox.A.asB.whenC.ifD.since演练：Itwasntlong_thepolicecaughtthethief.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.until4.固定句型固定句型【解析】本题考查的是itssince句型，意为“自从已(多长时间了)”。这句话的意思是“自从我上次打投币电话已经有好几天了”。【解析】Itwasntlongbefore是常用句型，意为“不久就”。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。DC5.复现信息复现信息Iputmyheadin,expectingtheworst.Buttomysurprise,theroomwasntemptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew_,dressedneatly.A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion【分析】名词同现，空格前出现了room,furniture,curtains,aTV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。A演练：Firstofall,Irespectedhis_toteaching.Becausehislectureswerealwayswell-preparedandclearlydelivered,studentscrowdedintohisclassroom.A.attentionB.introductionC.relationD.DevotionHeputthebooksintothereturnbox.Andafterabrief_inthetoilet,hewouldbeonhiswaytotheplaygroundtomeetEric.A.restB.breakC.walkD.stop6.排除法排除法【解析】此题答案为D。人不可能在厕所里休息（rest,break）或是散步（walk），由此排除另外三个选项。演练：thewomanlookedcarefullyatme_throughherglasses,andthenquestionedmeinalowvoice.A.asusualB.forawhileC.inaminuteD.onceagain7.上下文逻辑关系上下文逻辑关系充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句，有提示作用的词或句，结合语境结合语境答题。答题。1)Mrs.Black would ask me for my _.She wanted to know how I thought we should _things.At first I had no idea how to answer because I know_ about stage design!2.A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intention4.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything AhandleC8.背景常识背景常识After_theBritishflagatthePole,theytookaphotographofthemselvesbeforetheystartedthe950-milejourneyback.A.GrowingB.puttingC.plantingD.laying演练：SalinaJoebeganto_whenshewasone-yearold.A.sayB.CryC.SingD.talk【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为C【解析】根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为D。9.对比结构对比结构Apupilwhocandohishomeworkinaquietand_roomisinamuchbetterpositionthanapupilwhodoeshishomeworkinasmall,noisyroomwiththetelevisionon.A.furnishedB.expensiveC.ComfortableD.suitable【分析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的asmall,noisyroomwiththetelevisionon存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。10.平行结构平行结构Manypeoplenowthinkthatteachersgivepupilstoomuchhomework.Theysaythatitis_forchildrentoworkathomeintheirfreetime._,theyarguethatmostteachersdonot_planthehomeworktaskstheygivetopupils.51.A.unnecessaryB.uninterestingC.unfortunateD.unimportant52.A.NeverthelessB.howeverC.ThereforeD.Moreover53.A.considerablyB.favorablyC.properlyD.pleasantly【解析】排比结构由Manypeoplethinkthat.Theysaythat.theyarguethat.所组成。在意义上表现了人们（学生家长）对学生课业负担过重的抱怨。该结构中所设置的三个空格的正确填入，要求考生首先把握结构所体现的“主题”抱怨作业太多。其次，要求考生理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系。即：作业过多“toomuchhomework”；所以，课余学生在家做作业是没必要的“unnecessary”；不仅如此，教师对作业的设计也不合适“notproperly”。故答案分别为A、D、C。11.熟词新义1.三维设计(63页)Ihadbeenpickedtobetheprincessintheschoolplay,andforweeksmymotherhadpracticedmy_withme.A.PointsB.filmsC.linesD.actions2.三维设计(75页)At18shemarriedand_afamily.A.inventedB.selectedC.offeredD.started3.三维设计(81页)Allthat_tohimwastoaccomplishthetaskofactivityathandtothebestofhisability,feelingtheexperienceofrunningfullyandfreely.A.HappenedB.caredC.matteredD.related三维设计(140页)4.Shetoldhimtobringtheirbsonandher_setofcarkeys,becauseherkeyswereinthestolenpurse.A.ownB.otherC.restD.spare5.三维设计(158页)Ifamotheristhecementthatholdsafamilytogether,thenthefatheris_thatstrengthensthatcementA.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing(台词)(组建，创建）(要紧的，重要的）(备用的）(重要人物）5.真题演练真题演练1)It has been many years since I was last in London,I still remember something that happened during that visit.A.and B.for C.but D.as 2)If he did not know them,he would greet them with a few words about the weather,_ he did,he would ask about their familyA.and then B.and so C.even if D but ifIf he didhe wouldhe did he wouldstill1)With her slow and clumsy reactions,she would surely _ her team.A.hold on B.hold out C.hold over D.hold up2)My _ raced back more than thirty years to the dark days of 1941.A.minds B.memories C.thoughts D.brains 坚持；不挂断伸出拖延阻碍slow and clumsy reactionsraced back 头脑；智力记忆思想；想法大脑；头脑完形填空三忌：完形填空三忌：n忌不看首句，直奔空格处作答。忌不看首句，直奔空格处作答。n忌当做语法填空来做。忌当做语法填空来做。完形填空很多选项完形填空很多选项必须根据上下文才能选出，不是孤立的看必须根据上下文才能选出，不是孤立的看本句话。本句话。n忌先入为主，一气呵成。忌先入为主，一气呵成。做题时先填把握做题时先填把握的空格，对不是很有把握的先放一放，在的空格，对不是很有把握的先放一放，在后文的到答案或在做完全文后回头看才会后文的到答案或在做完全文后回头看才会获得答案。获得答案。6.课堂小结课堂小结Thank youHome work:finish the cloze test on the exercise paper.（2015年全国II卷）Inourdiscussionwithpeopleonhoweducationcanhelpthemsucceedinlife,awomanrememberedthefirstmeetingofanintroductory1courseabout20yearsago.Theprofessor2thelecturehall,placeduponhisdeskalargejarfilledwithdriedbeans(豆),andinvitedthestudentsto3howmanybeansthejarcontained.After4shoutsofwildlywrongguesses,theprofessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthe5answer,andwentonsaying,“Youhavejust6animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never7yourownsenses.”Twentyyearslater,the8couldguesswhattheprofessorhadinmind.He9himself,perhaps,asinvitinghisstudentstostartanexciting10intoanunknownsworldinvisible（无形的）tothe11,whichcanbediscoveredonlythroughscientific12.Buttheseventeen-year-oldgirlcouldnotacceptoreven13theinvitation.Shewasjust14tounderstandtheworld.Andshe15thatherfirsthandexperiencecouldbethe16.Theprofessor,however,saidthatitwas17.Hewastakingawayheronly18forknowingandwasprovidingherwithnosubstitute（替代）.“Irememberfeelingsmalland19.”Thewomansays,“andIdidtheonlythingIcoulddo.I20thecoursetheafternoon,andIhaventgonenearsciencesince.”原词重现1AartB.historyC.scienceD.math词汇辨析2AsearchedforB.lookedatC.gotthroughD.marchedinto原词重现3AcountB.guessC.reportD.watch上下文4AwarningB.givingC.turningawayD.listeningto常识推理5AreadyB.possibleC.correctD.difficult固定搭配6AlearnedB.preparedC.taughtD.taken上下文7AloseB.trustC.sharpenD.taken上下文8AlecturerB.scientistC.speakerD.woman上下文9AdescribedB.respectedC.sawD.served词汇辨析10AvoyageB.movementC.changeD.rush上下文11A.professorBeyeCknowledgeDlight常识推理12AmodelBsensesCSpiritDmethods上下文13AhearB.makeCpresentDrefuse逻辑推理14AsuggestingBbeginningCPretendingDWaiting（语法）逻辑推理15AbelievedBDoubtedC.provedDexplained逻辑推理16AgrowthBStrengthCfaithDtruth逻辑推理17AfirmB.interestingCwrongDacceptable词汇辨析18AtaskB.toolCsuccessDconnection逻辑推理19AcruelBproudCfrightenedDbrave词汇辨析20ADroppedBstartedCPassedDmissed