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4 4Passion guides life choicesUnit Unit 8 8 Section ASection AFOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY1.Onepersonwithabeliefisequaltoninety-ninewhohaveonlyinterests.JohnStuartMillIbelievethatIamnotresponsibleforthemeaningfulnessormeaninglessnessoflife,butthatIamresponsibleforwhatIdowiththelifeIvegot.HermannHesse4 48UNITPassion guides life choicesPassion guides life choices2.8UNITSection A 4 4A meaningful lifeObjectivesObjectivesTotalkaboutthemeaningoflifeTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTolearntowriteapersonalnarrativePassion guides life choicesPassion guides life choices3.ContentsA meaningful lifeWarming-upActivitiesTextStudyLanguageApplicationSummarySectionA4.Warming-upActivitiesLead-inLead-inPre-reading ActivitiesPre-reading ActivitiesCultural BackgroundCultural BackgroundA meaningful lifeSectionA5.Thefollowingquestionsaredesignedtohelpyougettoknowyourlifeattitude.Foreachquestion,pleasechooseoneitemthatbestfitsyourviewstowardlife.Thencompareyouranswerstosomeotherstudentsanddiscusshowtheyaresimilarordifferent.1.Themostimportantthinginlifeis_.AhealthBmoneyC familyD successE Noneoftheabove.Itshouldbe_.SurveyTipsTipsTipsTips6.2.In5-10years,Idliketoseemyselfas_.AarichpersonBahappypersonCahealthypersonDasuccessfulcareerpersonE Noneoftheabove.Idliketobea(n)_.3.OnanidealSaturdaynight,Immorelikelyto_.AplaycardsBstudyhardCstaywithmyboyfriendorgirlfriendDhavefunonthecomputerENoneoftheabove.Iwouldliketo_.SurveyTipsTipsTipsTips7.4.Whileatschool,Ispendmosttime_.AdatingBstudyingCdoingapart-timejobDhangingoutwithfriendsENoneoftheabove.Ispendmosttime_.5.Myultimategoalinlifeis_.AtohaveahappyfamilyBtobecomearichpersonCtobesuccessfulinmycareerDtotravelaroundtheworldENoneoftheabove.Mygoalis_.SurveyTipsTipsTipsTips8.Q1.Doyouthinkitisimportantforapersontoplanhisfutureasearlyaspossible?Whyorwhynot?Yes,itisimportantforonetoplanhisfutureearly.Earlyplanningmakesitpossibleforapersontoworktowardhislifegoalsandachievesuccessmoreefficiently.Inthisway,hecanavoidwasteoftimeandenergyonthingsthatwillcontributelittletotherealizationofhislifegoals.TipsTipsTipsTipsTobecontinuedTobecontinued9.Q1.Doyouthinkitisimportantforapersontoplanhisfutureasearlyaspossible?Whyorwhynot?No,itisunnecessaryforonetoplanhisfutureearly.Weallknowfromexperiencethatanyplanislikelytochange,nomatterhowcarefullymadeitmayhavebeen.Nobodycanforeseethefuture,andhenceitisamerewishfulthoughtthatearlyplanningwillendinsuccess.Ithinkabetterthingforonetodoistomakethebestplanbasedonthesituationheisfacedwithatthemoment,ratherthandrawunrealisticplansbeforeheevenhasanyideaaboutwhatwillhappeninthefuture.10.Q2.Whatkindofcareerwouldyouliketopursueinthefuture?Idliketobeainthefuture.Iamstudyingformybachelorsdegreeinrightnow,andIkeepmyselfupdatedaboutthelatestdevelopmentsinthefield.Iamparticularlyinterestedinhowadvancesincanhelphumanbeingssolveproblems.IbelievethisisameaningfulcareertopursuebecauseIcancontributetothewelfareofthehumanrace.11.Q3.Fromyourperspective,whatfactorsareessentialforameaningfullife?Beingabletopursueonesdreamfreely.Meetingchallengesbravelyeveniftheeffortsendinfailure.Havingahappyfamily.Doingsomethingthatmakestheworldbetter.12.1.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutMotherTerasa?2.Doyouthinkshelivedameaningfullife?Why?Watch a video clip about Mother Terasa and discuss the following questions.TipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsVideo Watching Watch&Talk13.1.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutMotherTerasa?MotherTeresawasaRomanCatholicreligioussisterandmissionarywholivedmostofherlifeinIndia.MotherTeresafoundedtheMissionariesofCharity(仁爱教会),whichbeganasasmallOrder(宗教团体)with12membersinCalcuttaandtodayhasmorethan4000nunsrunningorphages,AIDShospices,charitycentersworldwide.MembersoftheMissionariesmustadheretothevowsofgiving“wholeheartedfreeservicetothepoorestofthepoor”.TobecontinuedTobecontinued Watch&TalkTipsTipsTipsTips14.Becauseofherselflessdevotiontothepoor,inthe1970s,shebecameaninternationalcelebrityandreceivednumerousawardsincludingthe1979NobelPeacePrize.Duringherlifetime,andevenafterherdeath,shewasconsistentlyfoundbytheGalluppoll(盖洛普民意调查)tobetheworldsmostadmiredperson.In1999shewasrankedasthe“mostadmiredpersonofthe20thcentury”andevenoutpolledtheotherpoliticalleadersbyawidemargin.Watch&TalkTipsTipsTipsTips1.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutMotherTerasa?15.2.Doyouthinkshelivedameaningfullife?Why?YES.Shehelpedmaketheworldbetterbyreducingthesufferingofthepoorandtheneedy.Shealwaysrememberedhermissiontohelpthepoorandbroughtchangetothesociety.Watch&TalkTipsTipsTipsTips16.Lifeisneverjustbeing.Itisbecomingarelentless,flowingon.Ourparentsliveonthroughus,andwewillliveonthroughourchildren.The_webuildendure,andwewillendurethroughthem.Thebeautywefashioncannotbe_bydeath.Ourfleshmayperish,ourhandswillwither,butthatwhichtheycreateinbeautyand_andtruthlivesonforalltimetocome.TobecontinuedTobecontinuedListen to a short passage concerning the meaning of life and fill in the missing information.institutionsdimmedgoodness17.TobecontinuedTobecontinuedDontspendandwasteyourlives_objectsthatwillonlyturntodustandashes.Pursuenotsomuchthematerialastheideal,foridealsalone_lifewithmeaningandareof_.Addlovetoahouseandyouhaveahome.Addrighteousnesstoacityandyouhavea_.Addtruthtoapileofredbrickandyouhaveaschool.accumulating enduring worthinvest communityListen to a short passage concerning the meaning of life and fill in the missing information.18.Addreligiontothehumblestofedificesandyouhaveasanctuary.Addjusticetothefar-flungroundofhumanendeavorandyouhave_.Putthemalltogether,exaltthemabovetheirpresent_,addtothemthevisionofhumankindredeemed,foreverfreeofneedandstrifeandyouhaveafuture_withtheradiantcolorsofhope.lightedcivilizationimperfectionsListen to a short passage concerning the meaning of life and fill in the missing information.19.Questions PreviewingWhataretheanimalrights?Whatideasdotheadvocatesandcriticsofanimalrightshold?Animal rightsTipsTipsTipsTips20.Whataretheanimalrights?Whatideasdotheadvocatesandcriticsofanimalrightshold?Animalrights,alsoknownasanimalliberation,istheideathatthemostbasicinterestsofanimalsshouldbegiventhesameconsiderationasthesimilarinterestsofhumanbeings.Advocatesofanimalrightsagreethatanimalsshouldbetreatedashumanbeingsandmembersofthemoralcommunity,andshouldnotbeusedasfood,clothing,researchsubjects,orforentertainment.Animal rightsTobecontinuedTobecontinued21.Animal rightsCriticsoftheideaarguethatanimalsareunabletoenterintoasocialcontractormakemoralchoices,andthustheycannotbeseenaspossessorsofrights.However,defendersofanimalrightsdisagreewiththisview.Theythinkthathumansareconsideredtohaverightsregardlessoftheirmentalcompetence,soanimalshaverightstoo.Whataretheanimalrights?Whatideasdotheadvocatesandcriticsofanimalrightshold?22.Main Idea&StructureMain Idea&StructureLanguage Language FocusFocusCritical Critical ThinkingThinkingTextStudyA meaningful lifeSectionA23.ThedeathofHenrySpira,ananimalactivist,doesnotrate with thatofrockstar,yethislifetellsussomethingimportant,notonlyabout_,butaboutthepossiblitiyof_.(Para.1)TipsTipsTipsTipsbe compared withthe modern animal movement an individual making a difference in the modern world24.PartIfunctionsastheintroduction.Theauthorstatesthemainideaofthepassage:Henryslifetellsussomethingabouthowanindividualcan_intheworldalthoughhisdeathdidnt_fromthepublic.Part I (para._)1make a differencedraw much attention25.HowdidtheauthorgettoknowHenrySpira?WhatstheauthorsfirstimpressionofHenry?(Para.2)TipsTipsTipsTipsTheauthorfirstmetHenryatanadulteducationseminaratNewYorkUniversity.HeconsideredHenryanunusualpersonbecauseHenrydidntfittheregularimageofan“animalperson”.Hisclotheswereuntidy,hishairuncombed,andhislanguagequiteopenanddirect.26.Whathadanimalrightsmovementbeendoingforoveracentry?Wasitsuccessful?(Para.3)Theanimalrightsmovementhadbeenputtingoutgraphicbrochures,leaflets,andaudiopropaganda,alertingpeopletothedreadfulexperimentsonanimals.Butthenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshadrisengreatly.Noactivisthadmanagedtostopasingleexperimentorimprovethelivesofanimals.TipsTipsTipsTips27.closeddownalabconductingexperimentsonrabbits;laidsiegetoRevlonovertheiruseofrabbitstotestcosmeticsforpotentialeyedamage;exertedenoughpressuretopersuadethemtosearchforalternatives;othermajorcosmeticscorporationssoonfollowedsuit.TipsTipsTipsTipsAccordingtotheauthor,Henrysachievementsinanimalrightsprotectioninclude:(Paras.3-4)28.WhatapproachesormethodsdidHenryusetoachievesuccessinhiscampaignsforanimalrights?(Para.5)TipsTipsTipsTipsHelearnedhowto:buildpublicawarenesscampaigns;shapemalpracticelawsuitstosuelargecompanies,buildcommittedgroupsofsupporters.29.HowdidHenrymakeadifferenceinthefaceofabigandbureaucraticsociety?(Paras.6-7)TipsTipsTipsTipsHenryslifewasdedicatedtothecauseof_,especiallythoseusedinresearch.Hedidnt_ortryto_thesufferingheobserved.Henrywaspractical.Heacted.He_andcreatedpublicitykitstohelpcommonpeoplebecomeactivists.preventing suffering of innocent,helpless animalsstand on the sidelinesget revenge for appealed to the public30.HowdidHenryreactwhenhewasdianosedwithcancerandpredictedtodieinafewmonths?(Paras.11-12)TipsTipsTipsTipsHedidntshowanysignofdepression,andherefusedtohearsympathyandcondolences.Forthenexttwoyearshekeptworking,helpingdevelopthematerialtheauthorneededforhisbook.31.Part II Paras._-_PartIIisthebodyoftheessay.TheauthordescribeshisacquaintancewithHenryandHenrysachievementsintheanimalrightsmovement.InParas.2-7,theauthorgivesabriefaccountofHenrys_andmakesa_onit.InParas.8-12,theauthordescribeshismeetingwithHenryafterHenrywas_anddepictsHenrys_inthefaceofdeath.campaigns and achievementscomment212diagnosed with cancer calmness32.WhatdidHenryfindmeaningfulinthewayheledhislife?(Para.13)TipsTipsTipsTipsHecouldbesatisfiedwithhisachievementswhenlookingbackatlife,andtobeabletoacceptdeathcalmly.33.Part III (Para.13)PartIIIservesasaconclusion.Henry_becausehewas_withwhathehaddonealthoughhedidnotenjoymuchmaterialwealthandcomfort.led a meaningful life satisfied34.Thetextisa_whichtellsthestoryofHenrySpira,_,whodedicatedhislifeto_.Hemadegreatachievementsandrevealedthepossibilityofanindividualmakingadifferenceinthebigandbureaucraticsociety.Afterhewasdiagnosedwithcancer,hedidntshow_andkeptworking.Heledameaningfullifethoughhewasntmateriallywealthy.Main Idea of the Textnarrative an animal rights advocate/activistprotecting innnocent and helpless animalsany sign of depression35.Henryslifestorytellsushowanindividualcanmakeadifferenceintheworldalthoughhisdeathdidntdrawmuchattentionfromthepublic.(Para.1)36.A brief account of Henrys campaigns and achievements and the authors comment on Henrys contributions.(Paras.2-7)The authors meeting with Henry after Henry was diagnosed with cancer and Henrys calmness in the face of death.(Paras.8-12)37.Henry led a meaningful life because he was satisfied with what he had done although he did not enjoy much material wealth and comfort.(Para.13)38.Henry led a meaningful life because he was satisfied with what he had done although he did not enjoy much material wealth and comfort.(Para.13)39.InSeptember1998,HenrySpira_unnoticed.Yethislifetellsussomethingimportant,notonlyaboutthemodernanimalmovement,butalsothepossibilityofanindividual_inthemodernworld.TobecontinuedTobecontinuedpassed awaymaking a difference 40.Theauthorgot_Henryataseminar.ThentheauthorgottoknowHenrysmajorachievementsinanimalrights_.Throughdecadesofworkonthesideofweakand_,Henryinfluencedtheanimalrightsmovementandbroughtchangestosociety.TobecontinuedTobecontinuedoppressedacquaintedwith protection41.TheauthorwenttovisitHenrywhenhewas_cancer.Hewasmovedbyhis_attitudetowardlifeanddeath.Henryleda_lifebecausehewassatisfiedwithwhathehaddonealthoughhedidnotenjoymuchmaterialwealthandcomfort.fighting against positivemeaningful 42.Practical PhrasesPractical Phrases MeaningsMeanings1.putout展示；张贴；公告2.alertsb.tosth.提醒（某人）注意3.laysiegetosth./sb向展开攻势；围攻4.followsuit跟着做；仿效5.stand/stay/remainonthesidelines袖手旁观；置身事外6.getrevenge(onsb.)forsth.因为报复（某人）7.appealtosb.todosth.呼吁某人做某事43.展示；公告展示；公告 put out短语逆译(statement/rumour)Thegovernmenthasputoutastatementdenyingtheserumours.短语应用政府发表了一项声明，否认了这些谣言。意群提示44.提醒（某人）注意提醒（某人）注意(printandbroadcastads/drinkdriving/speeding)Theorganizationunveiledaseriesofprintandbroadcastads,hopingtoalerttheyoungpeopletothedangersofdrinkdrivingandspeeding.alert sb.to sth.短语应用该组织公布了一系列平面广告和广播广告，希望提醒人们注意酒后驾驶和超速的危险。意群提示短语逆译45.向向展开攻势；围攻展开攻势；围攻lay siege to sth./sb.(havesth.stopped/persuadesb.to/voteagainst)Theonlywaytohavethenewlawstoppedistolaysiegetoallmembersofthecommitteeandpersuadethemtovoteagainstit.短语应用阻止新法规实施的唯一办法就是向委员会的所有成员展开攻势说服其投反对票。意群提示短语逆译46.仿效仿效follow suit(thesmokingban/sparkadebate)Thesmokingbanhassparkedadebateastotheotherprovincesshouldfollowsuit.短语应用禁烟令引发了关于其他省份是否也要仿效的争议。意群提示短语逆译47.袖手旁观；袖手旁观；置身事外置身事外 stand/stay/remain on the sidelines(defer/purchase)Forthelasttwoyears,consumershavebeenstandingonthesidelinesanddeferringpurchasesofautomobiles.短语应用过去两年里，消费者一直处于观望的状态，推迟了他们的购车计划。意群提示短语逆译48.因因为为报复（某人）报复（某人）(swear/dowrongtosb.)Shesworetogetrevengeforthewrongshehaddonetoher.get revenge(on sb.)for sth.短语应用她发誓要报复他曾经对她做的那些坏事。意群提示短语逆译49.呼吁某人做某事呼吁某人做某事(internationalcommunity/alastingsolution)Heappealedtotheinternationalcommunitytocontinuetoworkforalastingsolutionthroughdialogue.短语应用他呼吁国际社会继续努力，通过对话找到一个持久的解决方案。意群提示appeal to sb.to do sth.短语逆译50.Functional Functional Patterns Patterns Functions&Usages Functions&Usages1.Fromdecades/years/monthsspentdoingsth.,sb.becamegood/efficient/skilled/skillful/adeptat用于表达“长期做某事对某人的影响”。2.Whensb.begantodosth.,sb.neverthought,but用于表达“事情的发展超出某人最初的预料”。3.Oneessentialmarkofis用于表达“的一个根本标志是”。51.经过几十年为弱势及受压迫群体所做的抗争，亨利变得非常善于策划各种活动。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习Fromdecadesspentworkingonthesideoftheweakandoppressed,Henrybecameefficientatmastermindingcampaigns.（Line1,Para.5）句型提炼句型提炼52.Fromdecades/years/monthsspentdoingsth,sb.becamegood/efficient/skilled/skillful/adeptat句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“长期做某事对某人的影响”。句型句型应用应用53.(collaboratewith)典型例句数年的外企工作经历使她变得善于与来自不同文化背景的人合作。意群提示Fromyearsspentworkinginaforeigncompany,shebecameskillfulatcollaboratingwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.54.在我开始动笔的时候，我从来没想到亨利能看到完整的初稿，但是他一直活到亲眼看到书在纽约的书店出售。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习WhenIbeganwriting,IneverthoughtHenrywouldseeacompleteddraft,buthelivedtoseethebookonsaleinaNewYorkbookstore.（Line3,Para.12）句型提炼句型提炼55.Whensb.begantodosth.,sb.neverthought,but句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“事情的发展超出某人最初的预料”。句型应用句型应用56.(makeahit/stir/bestseller)典型例句当我着手写这部小说时，我从没想到它能引起轰动，但是它竟然成为年度最畅销书之一。意群提示WhenIbegantowritethenovel,Ineverthoughtitwouldmakeahit,butitturnedouttobeoneofthebestsellersoftheyear.57.一个人活得好的一个根本标志就是，在他回首自己人生的时候，他对自己的成就感到满意，而且能够冷静地接受死亡、面对永恒。原句译文原句译文逆译逆译练习练习Oneessentialmarkoflivingwellistobesatisfiedwithonesaccomplishmentswhentakingaretrospectivelookatlife,andtobeabletoacceptdeathandfaceinfinitycalmly.(Line1,Para.13)句型提炼句型提炼58.Oneessentialmarkofis句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“的一个根本标志是”。句型应用句型应用59.(differentiatebetween/rational/emotionalimpulse)典型例句一个人走向成熟的一个根本标志是，他能够区分理智决定和情感冲动之间的不同。意群提示Oneessentialmarkofapersongrowingmatureistobeabletodifferentiatebetweenrationaldecisionmakingandemotionalimpulse.60.a.Hisclotheswereuntidy,andhishairuncombed.Hisl
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