肯尼迪演讲修辞方法分析.ppt

INAUGURAL ADDRESSJohn F.Kennedy rhetorical devices1.Alliteration（头韵)2.Metaphor(暗喻）3.Parallelism（排比)4.Paradox（反论)5.Repetition（重复)6.Quotation（引用）Alliteration（头韵（头韵)vAlliteration:vExamples：Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoe,inordertoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty(para4）Metaphor(暗喻暗喻)vMetaphorMetaphor:（implied comparison through a figurative,not literal,use of words）vExamples:1.Torememberthat,inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.(para7)2.Tothosepeoplesinthehutsandvillagesacrosstheglobestrugglingtobreakthebondsofmassmisery(para8)3.Tooursisterrepublicssouthofourborder,weofferaspecialpledge-toconvertourgoodwordsintogooddeeds-inanewallianceforprogress-toassistfreemenandfreegovernmentincastingoffthechainsofpoverty.（para9)4.Beforethedarkpowersofdestructionunleashedbyscienceengulfallhumanityinplannedoraccidentalself-destructio.（para11）排比（排比（Parallelism）Parallelism:(thearrangementofwords,phrases,clauses,orlargerstructuresplacedsidebyside,makingthemsimilarinform)Examples:1.Borninthiscentury,temperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace,proudofourancientheritageandunwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthosehumanrights.towhichthisNationhasalwaysbeencommitted,andtowhichwearecommittedtodayathomeandaroundtheworld.2.LetallourneighborsknowthatweshalljoinwiththemtoopposeaggressionorsubversionanywhereintheAmericas.AndleteveryotherpowerknowthatthisHemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse.3.Theenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichwebringtothisendeavorwilllightourcountryandallwhoseveritandtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld.Paradox（反论）（反论）Paradox:(astatementthatseemsself-contradictory,yetturnsouttohavearationalmeaning)Examples:Morehaste,lessspeed.欲速则不达。1.Symbolizinganend,aswellasabeginning;signifyingrenewal,aswellaschange.2.Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.3.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.Repetition（重复）（重复）Repetition（awordorphraseusedtwoormoretimesincloseproximity）Examples:1.allformsofhumanpovertyandallformsofhumanlifenotfromthegenerosityofthestate,butfromthehandofGod2.thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoe.3.wepledgeourwordthatoneformofcolonialcontrolshallnothavepassedawaymerelytobereplacebyafarmoreirontyranny.weshallnotalwaysexpecttofindthemsupportingourview.Butweshallalwayshopetofindthemstronglysupportingtheirownfreedom.4.Wedarenottemptthemwithweakness.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.Quotation（引用）（引用）1.ForIhaveswornbeforeyouandAlmightyGodthesamesolemnoathourforebearsprescribednearlyacenturyandthreequartersago.2.LetbothsidesunitetoheedinallcornersoftheearththecommandofIsaiahto“undotheheavyburdensandtolettheoppressedgofree.”3.Nowthetrumpetsummonsusagainnotasacalltobeararms,thougharmsweneed,notasacalltobattle,thoughembattledwearebutacalltobeartheburdenofalongtwilightstruggle,yearinandyearout,“rejoicinginhope,patientintribulation”astruggleagainstthecommonenemiesofman.Donotprayforeasylives.Praytobestrongermen!