高中英语句子成分和结构讲解.ppt

英英语句子成分与句子成分与结构构1.nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表表语宾语(间)宾语(直直)Vt系系动词ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.2.Members of a sentence主主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object表表语 predicative宾补 complement定定语 attribute状状语 adverbial同位同位语 appositive3.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语谓语定定语宾语同同位位语状状语4.主主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,主语一般位于_。句首句首Lily llikes her new bike.To learn English well is not easy.5.（二）（二）（二）（二）谓语谓语（predicate)predicate)predicate)predicate)：由由由由动词动词或或或或动词动词短短短短语语充当，位置一般放于主充当，位置一般放于主充当，位置一般放于主充当，位置一般放于主语语后面。后面。后面。后面。He works very hard.谓语谓语The weather is very nice today.谓语谓语 He looked up the word in the dictionary.谓语谓语6.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?(数数词)(名名词化的形容化的形容词)(三三)宾语（object）动作的作的对象或承受者，象或承受者，由由n.或相当于或相当于n.的的词担任。担任。置于置于_或或_之后。之后。（不定式）（不定式）（动名名词）（句子）（句子）及物及物动词介介词7.通通常常情情况况下下，指指物物的的叫叫直直接接宾语，指指人人的的叫叫间接接宾语。间接接宾语多放在直接多放在直接宾语之前。之前。间接接宾语直接直接宾语please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.He gave me some books.8.（四）（四）（四）（四）定定定定语语:(attribute)(attribute)（Noun/PronounNoun/Pronoun）这这是一是一是一是一节节生生生生动动有趣的有趣的有趣的有趣的课课This is a lively and interesting class.有一些有一些有一些有一些难题难题要要要要处处理理理理There is something difficult to deal with.前置定前置定语后置定后置定语Tips:Tips:形容形容形容形容词词作定作定作定作定语时语时通常放在被修通常放在被修通常放在被修通常放在被修饰词饰词的前面，而介的前面，而介的前面，而介的前面，而介词词短短短短语语、不定式短不定式短不定式短不定式短语则语则放在被修放在被修放在被修放在被修饰词饰词之后。之后。之后。之后。9.（五）（五）（五）（五）表表表表语语（predicativepredicative）连连系系系系动词动词1.be1.be动词动词(am,is,are,was,were)(am,is,are,was,were)3.3.感官感官动词动词(look,smell,hear,feel(look,smell,hear,feel)+表表表表语语2.2.表状表状态变态变化的化的动词动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)My sister is a nurse.My sister is a nurse.She got angry.She got angry.10.I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.（六）（六）宾语补足足语 （object complement）11.(七七七七)同位同位同位同位语语:(appositive)(appositive)我我我我们们有两个孩子，一男一女有两个孩子，一男一女有两个孩子，一男一女有两个孩子，一男一女We have two children,a boy and a girl.那人是我的老那人是我的老那人是我的老那人是我的老师师，他从来都不，他从来都不，他从来都不，他从来都不骑骑自行自行自行自行车车The man,my teacher,never rides a bike.当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时时，一个句子成分可被用，一个句子成分可被用，一个句子成分可被用，一个句子成分可被用来来来来说说明或解明或解明或解明或解释释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语语。12.八八八八.状状状状语语:(adverbial)(adverbial)状状状状语语是修是修是修是修饰动词饰动词，形容，形容，形容，形容词词，副，副，副，副词词以及全句的句子成分；按以及全句的句子成分；按以及全句的句子成分；按以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分用途分，可分用途分，可分用途分，可分为为时间时间，地点，原因，地点，原因，地点，原因，地点，原因，结结果，目的，条件，果，目的，条件，果，目的，条件，果，目的，条件，让让步，程度，方式，伴随状况步，程度，方式，伴随状况步，程度，方式，伴随状况步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。等。等。等。13.表时间：yesterday,today,tomorrow Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow?我我我我们们是今天是今天是今天是今天还还是明天出去是明天出去是明天出去是明天出去买东买东西啊？西啊？西啊？西啊？表地点：in China,at the airport I saw a student in the classroom.我在教室里看我在教室里看我在教室里看我在教室里看见见一个学生一个学生一个学生一个学生14.表原因:because,as,for,since他因他因他因他因为为生病所以今天没有去上学生病所以今天没有去上学生病所以今天没有去上学生病所以今天没有去上学 Because he was ill,he didnt go to school today.表结果：to+do,v+ing,从句那个男孩从那个男孩从那个男孩从那个男孩从树树上掉下来了，上掉下来了，上掉下来了，上掉下来了，头头撞到地上了撞到地上了撞到地上了撞到地上了The boy fell off the tree,striking his head against the ground.表目的:in order to,in order that,for the purpose为为了考入一个更好的学校，我必了考入一个更好的学校，我必了考入一个更好的学校，我必了考入一个更好的学校，我必须须更加努力更加努力更加努力更加努力In order to get into a better school,I must study even harder.15.表条件:as/so long as,if,unless,只要努力学只要努力学只要努力学只要努力学习习，你就会取得好成，你就会取得好成，你就会取得好成，你就会取得好成绩绩As long as you study hard,you can get a high mark.表让步:in spite of,despite,although,though他他他他虽虽然不然不然不然不认识认识我，但却帮了我我，但却帮了我我，但却帮了我我，但却帮了我He helped me although he didnt know me.表程度:very,enough,to some extent那里的那里的那里的那里的风风景非常漂亮景非常漂亮景非常漂亮景非常漂亮The scenery there is very beautiful.16.表方式:like that,as,as if不要那不要那不要那不要那样样看我看我看我看我Dont look at me like that!表伴随状况：老老老老师师走走走走进进教室，手里拿着一本教室，手里拿着一本教室，手里拿着一本教室，手里拿着一本书书The teacher came into the classroom,catching a book in his hand.with17.画出下列句子的状画出下列句子的状语 I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.18.consolidation19.指出下列句子划指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.9.His wish is to become a scientist.10.Do you have anything else to say?20.Five basic sentence pattern英英语五大基本句型五大基本句型一一:(主主谓)二二:(主系表主系表)三三:(主主谓宾)四四:(主主谓间宾直直宾)五五:(主主谓宾宾补)21.1.(主主谓)是不及物是不及物动词1.The sun rose.2.What he said does not matter.3.They talked for half an hour.22.2.+(系系动词)+(表表语)1.The dinner smells good.2.Everything looks different.3.Our well has gone dry.4.His face turned red.23.3.S+V+O(V是及物是及物动词)例如：1.I saw a film yesterday.2.They built a house last year.3.You should look after your children well.24.4.S+V+O1+O2(V是及物是及物动词)在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的带有双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get,rob,warn等。例：she ordered herself a new dress.she cooked her husband a delicious meal.25.5.S+V+O+C The war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.Tips：宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系26.a.b.c.d.e.1.Please tell us a story._2.She smiled._3.His job is to train swimmers._4.He noticed a man enter the room._5.Please look at the picture._dabec Practice 27.Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.主主 +谓主主+系系 +表表主主 +谓 +宾主主+谓 +间接接宾语+直接直接宾语主主+谓 +宾+宾补28.Translate the following sentences into English1.你的故事听起来很有趣。2.我感到有一点累。3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。4.这家医院创建于1950年。5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。29.6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。7、顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？8、下学期谁教你们生物？9、他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净10、什么促使你这样想的？30.Thank you!31.