1、急性肾损伤患者抗生素剂量的调急性肾损伤患者抗生素剂量的调整整简介数据历程荣誉对于非透析的AKI患者l是否需要调整抗生素剂量?l怎样调整剂量?根据抗生素PK/PD参数进行调整简介数据历程荣誉AKI对抗生素剂量的影响l肌酐清除率CLcrl抗生素 PK参数简介数据历程荣誉AKI患者肌酐清除率CLcrlMDRD方程eGFRa(ml/min/1.73m2)=186Pcr1.154年龄(岁)0.203女性0.742lCockcroftGaultCCr(ml/min)=(男 性)(140年 龄)体 重(kg)/72血 肌 酐(mg/dL)(女性)(140年龄)体重(kg)/85血肌酐(mg/dL)lJell
2、iffe方程Ccr(ml/min)=980.8(年龄20)(0.09女性)/Scr l尿量(仅适用于有尿患者)l新的生物标志物(需要更多证据支持)胱抑素C(CysC),尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)简介数据历程荣誉AKI患者肌酐清除率CLcr简介数据历程荣誉抗生素PK/PD分类时间依赖性时间依赖性且短且短PAEPAE时间依赖性时间依赖性且长且长PAEPAE浓度依赖性浓度依赖性TMICAUC/MICCmax/MIC在有效剂量内减少单次服用剂量,增加服用次数在安全剂量内提高单次服用剂量,适当减少服用次数青霉素类-内酰胺类大环内酯类林可霉素类氨曲南达托霉素替加环素利奈唑胺糖肽类阿奇霉素氨
3、基糖苷类氟喹诺酮类甲硝唑等吴伟东.从PK/PD角度优化抗生素治疗A.浙江省医学会重症医学分会.重症医学十年回顾与展望2012年浙江省重症医学学术年会论文汇编C.浙江省医学会重症医学分会:,2012:4.简介数据历程荣誉S.Blot et al./Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 79(2014)7784抗生素PK/PD调整简介数据历程荣誉氨基糖苷类庆大霉素D.Xuan et al.International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 23(2004)291295简介数据历程荣誉庆大霉素:45-80
4、ml/min 7mg/kg q48h 10-30ml/min 4-7mg/kg q36h-q48h氨基糖苷:10-30ml/min,15-30mg/kg q36h-q48h。氨基糖苷类庆大霉素简介数据历程荣誉喹诺酮类环丙沙星Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy(2006)58,380386简介数据历程荣誉喹诺酮类环丙沙星环丙沙星,无需调整剂量。简介数据历程荣誉青霉素类-哌拉西林/他唑巴坦 Gonalves-Pereira and PvoaCritical Care2011,15:R206Beta-lactams can develop a signific
5、antly altered Vd and clearance in septic patients leading to large heterogeneity of possible concentrations 简介数据历程荣誉青霉素类-哌拉西林/他唑巴坦 简介数据历程荣誉青霉素类-哌拉西林/他唑巴坦 治疗初始24小时内,按照标准剂量给药。然后再根据肾功能调整剂量。简介数据历程荣誉头孢菌素类头孢他啶,头孢吡肟ANTIMICROBIALAGENTSANDCHEMOTHERAPY,June2003,p.18531861简介数据历程荣誉头孢菌素类头孢他啶,头孢吡肟简介数据历程荣誉头孢他啶、头孢吡
6、肟推荐剂量为:50-80mL/min 2.0 q12h 10-50mL/min 1.0 q12h MIC against susceptible organisms withMIC1 mg/L.简介数据历程荣誉碳青霉烯类美罗培南inadequate antimicrobial concentrations were found in 17%of patients with AKI,which was again defined as CLcr50 mL/min.简介数据历程荣誉碳青霉烯类美罗培南UsingstandardnonAKIdosesinthefirst24hoursoftherapy
7、.Afterthattime,dosedecreasestoappropriaterenallyadjusteddosesshouldoccur.简介数据历程荣誉替加环素KorthBradleyetal.JClinPharmacol2012;52:13791387简介数据历程荣誉替加环素 tigecycline clearance was reduced by about 20%resulting in an increase/optimization in AUC0-24of nearly 30%.from a pharmacokinetic point of view,no dosage
8、adjustment based on renal function is warranted.简介数据历程荣誉Nodoseadjustmentsseemnecessaryincaseofimpairedrenalfunction.替加环素简介数据历程荣誉万古霉素International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 41(2013)434 438简介数据历程荣誉AKI患者,给予标准负荷剂量,维持剂量无需调整,TDM万古霉素简介数据历程荣誉小结l治疗初始2448h,大多数抗生素剂量无需调整,如哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、美罗培南等。l头孢他啶和头孢吡肟按照肾功能调整给药剂量可能达不到疗效。l环丙沙星、万古霉素、替加环素无需调整剂量。简介数据历程荣誉谢谢!