主动语态变被动语态专题练习.doc

主动语态变被动语态专题练习一、将下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态1. Teachers must take good care of the student.2. Was another man-made satellite sent up into the space by them last week.3. People plant many trees on either side of the street each year.4. Li Lei mended the bike.5. A famous American writer wrote the book Red Star Over China years ago.6. Two years ago we used that machine to make shoes for children.7. Ken is often heard to apologize to his teacher.8. People there didnt plant any trees last year.9. We call him David.10. We will plant some trees in the garden this year.11. Do young people usually listen to pop music?12. We should help the disabled people.13. Jenny showed me the picture.14. My mother gave me a dictionary as a birthday present.15. We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room.二、 单项选择 1. Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _ down too many trees.A. stop to cut B. stop from cuttingC. be kept cutting D. be stopped from cutting 2.He _ in the classroom just now. He _ be there now.A. heard to sing;may B. was heard sing; must C. heard sing; must D. was heard to sing; may 3. -I want to teach in this area.-Well, teachers _ very much here. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 4. A report says hundreds of thousands of trees _ in the Amzaon rainforest last year. A. was cut down B. have been cut down C. were cut down D. has been cut down 5. -What about the pen you bought yesterday? -It _ well. I like it very well.A. was written B. is written C. wrote D. Writes 6. -Sixteen-year-olds _ to drive. -I agree. They arent serious enough at that age.A. shouldnt be allowed B. shouldnt allow C. dont allow D. are allowed not 7. The village is building a school. I hope it _ before August this year. A. Finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished【形容词】形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot。2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。按其结构，可分为单个形容词和复合形容词。前者由一个单词（如good, short, happy）构成，而后者则由两个以上的单词（如well-known, kind-hearted, five-year-old）构成。 二、形容词的种类1. 品质形容词 英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如：Hes the happiest man on earth. 他是地球上最快乐的人。The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。这类形容词一般都能用于比较级，如 bigger, simpler, younger.2. 类属形容词 这类形容词表示属于哪一类，如：These subjects reflect our daily lives. 这些题材反映我们的日常生活。This medicine is for external use only. 此药仅供外用。这类形容词一般都不能用于比较级。3. 颜色形容词 有少数表示颜色的形容词，如：His face went purple with rage. 他的脸气得发青。She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。Carrots are orange. 胡萝卜是 橘红色的。这类词前面还可加light, pale, dark, deep, bright 等词，如： light brown hair 淡蓝色头发 a pale green dress 淡绿色裙服a deep blue skirt 深蓝色的裙子 a dark grey suit 深灰色的套服4. 强调形容词 有些形容词起强调作用，如：Its an utter mystery. 这完全是个谜。I have perfect trust in his judgement. 我绝对信任他的判断力。5. -ing 形容词1）有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如： It was a tiring journey. 这真是一趟累人的旅行。 This is a convincing argument. 这是个有说服力的论据。这样的形容词多由及物动词变来。有很多也是品质形容词，有时可用于最高级（如most amazing, most disappointing）。2）还有一些形容词和不及物动词有关，如：We hope to lessen the existing tension. 我们希望缓解目前的紧张局势。Hes one of the greatest living composers. 他是当今最伟大的作曲家之一。这类形容词只能作定语，不能用于比较级。3） 还有一些-ing形容词并不与动词有关，如：neighbouring cities 邻近的城市 a cunning trick 狡猾的计谋6. ed形容词1）大多数-ed形容词都与及物动词有关，是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如： She looked embarrassed. 他好象很尴尬。 These people are from distressed areas. 这些人来自贫苦地区。 I felt depressed. 我感到很沮丧。2） 有些-ed形容词可说是类属形容词，也由动词的过去分词变来，但不能用于比较级，如：You have to pass the required examination to become a doctor. 你需要通过规定的考试才能成为医生。She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。3）有少数-ed形容词，不是由动词，而是由名词变来的： skilled workers 技术工人 salaried class 工薪阶层a flowered headscarf 印花头巾 还有少数-ed形容词，和动词名词都没有关系： beloved leaders 受爱戴的领导 his deceased aunt 他死去的姨4） 有些-ed 的形容词包含有副词： a well-equipped army 一支装备精良的部队 a well-known musician 著名的音乐家7. 合成形容词 1）形容词在英语中是比较普遍的，最常见的有：a. 形容词+名词+ed: good-natured 天性善良的b. 副词+过去分词：low-paid 工资很低的c. 形容词+现在分词： easy-going 好说话的d. 副词+现在分词： low-lying 低洼的e. 名词+现在分词：heart-breaking 令人心碎的f. 形容词+名词： present-day 当代的2）还有一些其他类型的合成形容词，如：a two-piece suit 两件套的西服all-out attempt 全力以赴的努力take-home pay 扣税后的实得工资3）还有一些三个或更多词构成的和成形容词，如： wait-and-see policy 观望政策 heart-to-heart talk 推心置腹的谈话an out-of-the-way place 偏僻之地 an-out-of-date driving license 过期驾照三、形容词的用法和在句中的位置1. 形容词在句中主要可用作：1）定语： What a fine day! 多好的天气！ He is a self-made man. 他是个自学成材的人。2）表语： The scene was horrifying. 这景象很恐怖。 I am getting bored and homesick. 我感到有些厌烦想家。 His comments were well-meant. 他说这些都是出于好心。3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）： I find this hot weather very trying. 我感到这种炎热天气很难受。 Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗？4）状语：She was back, eager to see her friends. 她回来了，极想见她的朋友们。 She gave him the overcoat, anxious to be of service. 她把大衣拿给他，极愿为他服务。 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。2. 形容词在句中的位置有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为：（限定词）一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词（名词）。 用一句话来说就是“美小圆旧黄，法国木书屋”。如：There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday. 昨天我买了一个便宜的蓝色塑料铅笔盒They have got such a round brown wooden table.他们有一张褐色的木制圆桌。2）当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：The boy (who is) interested in music is my brother.对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。Guilin is a city (which is) famous for its scenery.桂林是一个以风景闻名的城市。Do you have anything interesting to tell us?你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？There is nothing wrong with the machine.这台机器没有毛病。四、形容词的比较级和最高级1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成1）单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以e 结尾的词加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音+y” 结尾的词变y为i再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2) 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如：原级比较级最高级 usefulmore usefulmost usefuldifficult more difficultmost difficult delicious more deliciousmost delicious3) 有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worseworst many/much more most little lessleast far furtherfurthest farther farthest old olderoldest elder eldest2. 形容词比较级的用法1）形容词的比较级可以单独使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。 It was quieter outside. 外面安静点了。 It couldnt be easier. 不能再容易了。 This car is more expensive. 这辆车比较贵。 Who is taller? 谁高一点？ Which book is better? 哪本书更好？ 2）也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：a. 名词或代词（若为人称代词，在口语中多用宾格）：He is older than me. 他年龄比我大。Tokyo is bigger than New York. 东京比纽约大。b.动名词：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。This is more interesting than sitting in an office. 这比坐办公室更有意思。c.从句：I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。He is stronger than I expected. 他比我预料的更健壮。d.状语：She felt worse than usual. 她感到比平时更难受。He is busier than ever. 他比过去更忙了。e. 跟其它成分（如动词、形容词等）：Its better to be prepared than unprepared. 有准备比没准备好。She was more surprised than angry. 她吃惊甚于生气。He was more lucky than clever. 他是运气好，而不是聪明。3. 形容词比较级的修饰语1）形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语：Hes feeling a lot better today. 他感到今天好多了。Shes a little bit better now. 她现在稍稍好点了。Its slightly warmer today. 今天稍微暖和一点。2）也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词：Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？She was no older than Qilla. 他并不比齐拉大。This book is even more useful than that. 这本书甚至比那本书更有用。3）比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：Shall I get a couple more chairs? 我要不要再搬两把椅子来？My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。Youre a head taller than Jane. 你比简高一个头。4. 形容词比较级的特殊用法 和more有关的词组 1） the morethe more越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力， 进步越大。2） more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B。例如： He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。3） no more than 与一样，不比多。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。no less than与一样。例如：He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。4） more than不只是，非常。例如：She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。和less有关的词组5) less than 不到 不太： In less than a week, the MS was ready. 不到一周稿子就准备好了。6）no less than 多达 不少于 He won no less than $5oo. 他赢了不少于500美圆。 No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了2百万人。7) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约 The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。 The answers were more or less right. 这些回答大体上是正确的。 另外， 还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as8) 在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。例如： He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。9) 当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如： This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。10)表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。11）倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。例如： This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine.5. 形容词最高级用法the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，例如：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。例如： It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 （错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. （对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。注意： a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4） 否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如： Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。 =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.6. 形容词最高级的特殊用法1）形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词the 可以省略。 I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。 Cotton blankets are generally cheapest. 棉毛毯一般最便宜。2）形容词最高级前可以加a 或不加冠词来表示 非常 He has been most kind to me. 他对我非常好。 We were all most anxious to go home. 我们都很想回家。3）形容词最高级还可和at 构成短语作表语，表示 处于最的状态。 The peony was at its brightest. 牡丹花正在盛开。 I knew she was at her worst. 我知道她这时情绪最糟。 She was never at her best in the presence of her mother. 在她妈跟前她的表现从来不是最好的。4）形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语： He had been gone 15 minutes at the most. 他离开顶多才一刻钟。 Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。【副词】副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、时间副词1. 常见的时间副词常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。2. 时间副词在句中的位置(1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。(2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：Hes just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：She was still still was beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：I still dontunderstandwhat youmean. 我还是不明白你的意思。另外，still 和already 还可位于句末，表示惊奇：Are you on page one still? 你还在看第1页？Is your mother back already? 你妈妈就已经回来了？二、地点副词1. 常见的地点副词常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。2. 地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。三、方式副词1. 方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。2. 方式副词在句中的位置(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：不可说：We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.)但可说：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前：He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量着我。He looked curiously at everyone who got off theplane. 他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。(2) 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气，把信撕碎了。(3) 有的方式副词(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。(4) 有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly 等)有时可位于句首，以达到某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中)：Suddenly, the driver started the engine. 突然地，司机启动了发动机。