译林牛津8A-Unit-1-Friends-教材全解及单元测试卷-(1).docx

_译林牛津8 A Unit 1 Friends 教材全解及单元测试卷【教材内容解析】1. Comic strip(1) Can I have something to drink? (P. 6)something to drink意为“喝的东西”，动词不定式to drink作后置定语，类似的表达还有something to eat意为“吃的东西”。例如：We are thirsty. Lets have something to drink.Can you get something to eat?(2) Can I have some more food? (P. 6)some more food意为“再来一些食物”，此处more表示“另外的、额外的”，通常与基数词或者some, any, many, much连用，构成“数量词+more+名词”结构，表示“再来、还需”。例如：I need two more apples.Give me some more water please.【拓展】“数词+more+名词”相当于“another+数词+名词”。Would you like three more books?=Would you like another three books.(3) Maybe we can share it. (P. 6) maybe此处作副词，意为“可能、也许”。例如：Maybe you are right.Maybe he can work out the problem. share用作及物动词，表示“分享”，常用的结构为share sb. with sth. “和某人分享某物”。例如：I share a bedroom with my younger brother.I have a big cake. Lets share it.2. Welcome to the unit(1) honest (P. 6)honest作形容词，表示“诚实的、正直的”，在句中，作定语或者表语。例如：Tom is an honest boy.He is honest.【拓展】1. honest的反义词是dishonest，意为“不诚实的”。He is dishonest.2. to be honest意为“老实说、坦白说”，相当于to tell the truth，在句中做插入语。To be honest, I dont like the music at all.3. be honest with sb. “对某人诚实”You should be honest with your parents.(2) make me happy (P. 7)此句结构为“make+宾语+形容词”，这里的形容词作宾语补足语。例如：The bad weather make him sad.The factory makes the water clean.【拓展】make的其它结构1. make sb./sth.+名词 “使某人/某物成为”The teacher tried his best to make himself a good friend of his pupils.We made him the head of our group.2. make sb./sth. do sth. “使某人做某事”The boy often makes his dog jump up and down.The doctor made the patient lie down and looked over him carefully.(3) share my joy. (P. 7)joy此处作不可数名词，意为“欢乐、高兴、乐趣”，相当于happiness，to ones joy表示“使某人开心的事情是”。例如：She shows us her joy.To his joy, he met his good friend again.(4) Does he/she care about you when you are sad? (P. 7)care about意为“关心、在意”，care for表示“喜欢、照顾”，相当于look after或者take care of。例如：I know my parents care about me.She cares for her sick father.(5) good-looking (P. 7)good-looking作形容词，表示“好看的、漂亮的”。She is a good-looking girl.(6) polite (P. 7)polite表示“礼貌的”，反义词是impolite表示“没有礼貌的”，be polite to表示“对有礼貌”。例如：Tom is a polite students.He is very polite to the old.(7) What makes goof friends, Amy? (P. 7)make这里表示“适合、成为”，后接名词性短语。例如：You will make a good teacher.We make good friends.(8) You can trust them because they never tell lies. (P. 7)lie此处作可数名词，表示“谎言”，tell lies表示“说谎”，相当于tell a lie。例如：He likes telling lies.(9) They can also tell you funny jokes. (P. 7)joke这里作可数名词，意为“玩笑”，tell a joke表示“开玩笑”。Tom often tells his friends funny jokes.【拓展】joke的相关短语play a joke on sb. 取笑某人make a joke 讲笑话3. Reading(1) Betty is one of my best friends. (P. 7)“one of the/oness+形容词最高级+复数可数名词”表示“最的之一”。例如：Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.One of my best friends is Lily.(2) She is willing to share things with her friends. (P. 8)be willing to do sth. 表示“愿意做某事”。例如：She is willing to help me in any way he can.We are willing to work hard.(3) She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need. (P. 8)help sb. with sth. 意为“帮助某人某事”，相当于help sb. (to) do sth.。例如：May I help you with the work?Bob helps me learn English.(4) Betty has a good voice. (P. 8)sound泛指自然界中听到的一切声音；voice指人说话或唱歌发出的声音，有时也指鸟鸣的声音；noise指“杂音、吵闹声”。例如：Every night she heard the strange sounds upstairs.The little boy has a beautiful voice.The car makes a lot of noise.(5) He is the tallest boy in our class-almost 1.75 metres. (P. 8)almost作副词，表示“几乎、差不多”，作状语，放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，实义动词之前，有时候也可以放在句首。例如：Supper is almost ready.Almost no one believed him.(6) Max has a good sense of humor. (P. 8)a sense of humor意为“幽默感”，humor是名词，形容词是humorous“幽默的”。例如：He is a man with a sense of humor.My father is very humorous.(7) They do not fit well under his desk. (P. 8)fit此处做不及物动词，意为“可容纳、装进”，常指大小、样式或者数量合适。The shoes fit well in the box.【拓展】1. fit作动词，表示大小、尺寸合适。I think the dress fits you well.2. fit作形容词，表示“合适的、健康的”，be fit for“适合、合适”；keep fit“保持健康”。The suit is fit for the party.(8) .he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor. (P. 8)knock这里用作及物动词，意为“碰、撞”。例如：He knocked the bowl off the table.Be careful! Dont knock the piano.【拓展】knock的相关短语knock down 撞倒knock into 撞到某人knock at/on 敲门/窗(9) She smiles often and never says a bad word about anyone. (P. 8)say a bad word about sb. 意为“说某人坏话”。You should never say a bad word about others.(10) Who would you choose as your best friend, Suzy? (P. 10)choose作及物动词，表示“选择”，choose.as.表示“选择作”，choose to do sth. 表示“选择做某事”。例如：You can choose a book as a birthday gift.They chose to go there by bus.4. Grammar(1) Height (P. 12)height是名词，表示“高度”，in height“在高度上”，height的形容词是high。例如：The height of the house is about 5 metres.Whats your height?(2) weight (P. 12)weight作名词，表示“重量”，动词是weigh，意为“称的重量、重量为”。例如：Whats the weight of the elephant?The ship weighs 10 tons.【拓展】weight的相关短语put on weight 发胖、增肥lose weight 减肥take ones weight 称体重5. Integrated skills(1) Today Amy and I talked about our future plans. (P. 12)plan此处作名词，表示“计划”，make a plan/plans for“为制定计划”，plan还可以用作动词，plan to do sth. 表示“计划做某事”。Lets make a plan first.I plan to visit the Great Wall.(2) Whats he like? (P. 14)Whats he like? 意为“某人是个什么样的人”，用来询问某人的性格和品质，相当于How is he?；What does he look like? 表示“某人长什么样”。例如：-Whats he like?-She is friendly and polite.-What does he look like?-He is tall and fat.(3) Shes a small girl with a ponytail. (P. 14)with作介词，表示“带有、具有”。例如：Alice is a girl with blue eyes.Tony is a boy with short hair.6. Task(1) fat (P. 16)fat用作形容词，表示“肥胖的”，也可以作不可数名词，表示“脂肪”。例如：Tom is a fat boy.There is too much fat in the food.(2) patient (P. 16)patient作形容词，表示“耐心的”，反义词是impatient，be patient about/of sth.“忍耐某事”，be patient with sb. “忍耐某人”。例如：He has to be patient of that.Parents should be patient with kids.【重点短语和句型归纳】一、 重点短语1. have something to drink 有喝的东西2. what about 怎么样3. in the fridge 在冰箱里4. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事5. keep a secret 保守秘密6. make sb. happy 使某人开心7. share my joy 分享我的快乐8. make good friends 交好朋友9. tell lies 说谎10. tell sb. funny jokes 给某人讲有趣的笑话11. care about 关心12. be willing to do 乐意（做）13. be ready to do准备做14. talk to sb.与某人交谈15. talk about sth讨论某事16. write to sb. 给某人写信17. share sth. with sb,与某人分享某物18. listen to sb. carefully 认真地听某人说19. help sb. with sth在某方面帮助某人20. travel around the world 周游世界21. give ones seat to sb.让座给某人22. have a good voice有好的嗓音23. would like/want to be a singer想成为一名歌手24. grow up长大25. have a good sense of humor 有很好的幽默感26. feel bored 感到无聊27. walk past走过28. say a bad word about sb.说某人的坏话29. learn more about学习更多关于30. next to紧邻43. both and ,既又二、 重点句型1. What about+n./adj. 怎么样2. make sb.+adj. 使某人怎么样3. one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最之一4. be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事5. would like to do sth. 想要做某事6. Whats sb. like? 某人是什么样的人7. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事【语法讲解】形容词的比较级和最高级 形容词比较级的变化规则。I. 规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词+er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不发音e结尾的词+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音节词在前面+more/mostimportantmore importantmost importantbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulII. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest 形容词比较级用法。I. 比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。 2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。II. 表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is 比较级，A or B？”表示“两者之间较之一”时，用“the + 比较级”结构。e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？ 2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。III.“越来越”用“比较级and 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。 2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。IV. 表示“越越”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。 形容词最高级用法。I. 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。e.g: 1. The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。 2. She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。II. 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the+最高级，A, B or C？”。e.g: Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？III. 表示“最之一”用“one of the最高级+可数名词复数”。e.g: She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。IV. 形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几”。e.g: She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。V. 比较级和最高级之间的互换。例如：He is taller than any other boy in our class.= He is taller than the other boys in our class.= He is the tallest boy in our class.注意比较以下两个句子：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范围之内）= Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范围之外）【单元测试卷】一、 短语翻译（每题1分，共10分）1.怎么样 2.告诉某人关于某事 3.保守秘密 4.关心 5.乐意做某事 6.准备做某事 7.写信给某人 8.我最好的朋友之一 9.有很好的幽默感 10.说某人的坏话 二、 单项选择（每题1分，共15分）( ) 1. ( 2014 贵州毕节) - would you like something_?- Yes, Id like some_.A. drink; orangeB. to drink; orange C. to eat; orangeD. eat; orange( ) 2. ( 2014 浙江杭州) - What about having a drink? - _.A. Help yourselfB. Never mindC. Youre rightD. Good idea( ) 3. ( 2014 天津) -Is there_ beef in the fridge? - No, there isnt. There is _ pork.A. some; anyB. any; anyC. some; someD. any; some( ) 4.(2015 山东泰安) Students are encouraged to _ their learning experience _their classmates. A. choose; toB. make; in C. explain; withD. share; to( ) 5.(2014 山东烟台) - How long may I _ your dictionary? - For one week. But it mustnt _ to others. A. keep; be lentB. borrow; lend C. lend; be borrowedD. have; borrow( ) 6.(2014 安徽) Rose finished her study in the university and went to _ a good job. A. take after B. look after C. care for D. search for( ) 7.( 2014 四川泸州) Linda is one of _ students in our class. A. good B. better C. best D. the best( ) 8.(2014 湖北荆州) - Can you catch what I said? - Sorry, I can _ understand it. A. almost B. probably C. nearly D. hardly( ) 9.( 2014 湖北荆州) - Do you like swimming in winter? - Of course. The water _ a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy. A. fells B. tastes C. smells D. looks( ) 10.( 2014 浙江杭州) They usually go shopping _ their lunch break. A. againstB. among C. between D. during( ) 11.( 2014 江西南昌) You have to be _ and wait until I finish my work. A. patientB. strict C. honest D. active( ) 12.( 2015 山东青岛) Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quite. A. a youngerB. a youngest C. the youngerD. the youngest( ) 13.( 2014 北京) The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest( ) 14.( 2015河南) - Did you enjoy yourself at the party? -Yes, Ive never been to _ one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting( ) 15.( 2015 江苏南京) - Do you enjoy Han Leis songs? -Yes. He is the winner of I Am a Singer II. I cant think of anyone with a _ voice. A. better B. best C. more D. most三、 完形填空（每题1分，共10分） Sitienei, a 90-year-old Kenyan grandmother, has become the worlds oldest primary school student. She is studying at the local primary school to learn to read and write. She is from a small 1 in Kenyan. She has spent most of her life 2 as a midwife（接生婆）, helping women to give birth to babies. She wants to pass on her midwife skills to the young. She said she didnt have a chance to go to school when she was 3 . So she wants all the children in her village to 4 .The head teacher at the school said, “Im proud 5 her. She is loved by every pupil. They all want to learn and play with 6 .” He also said, “She is doing well considering her 7 . I can say I have seen a big difference in this school 8 she came.”Sitienei often said, “I want to tell children, 9 girls in poor areas, that 10 will be your wealth.” She added, “With education, you can be whatever you want to be - a doctor, a teacher, a scientist, and so on.”( ) 1.A. schoolB. villageC. townD. city( ) 2. A. readingB. writingC. playingD. working( ) 3. A. youngB. oldC. famousD. free( ) 4. A. studyB. workC. leaveD. listen( ) 5. A. forB. withC. ofD. in( ) 6. A. herB. meC. himD. you( ) 7. A. chanceB. ageC. skillsD. ways( ) 8. A. afterB. whenC. sinceD. before( ) 9.A. naturallyB. especiallyC. luckilyD. certainly( ) 10.A. friendshipB. futureC. competitionD. education四、 阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）A(2015江苏淮安)One Sunday evening, it was quite dark when old Stanley went for his walk. He was walking along the sidewalk, Suddenly, he saw a white car coming around the corner at high speed. It was going too fast and crashed into a red car in the street where he was walking. He rushed up to the cars to see if anyone was hurt and needed help. The two drivers were arguing.“You came around the corner too fast,” one man said.“No!” said the driver of the white car, “Thats not true! Your car was parked in a wrong place.”Stanley listened to their argument and then said the white car driver was wrong to drive too fast. The driver of red car asked Stanley to prove he was right in court(法庭). Stanley gave the driver his name and telephone number. Next Thursday morning, Stanley was asked to go to the court. The lawyer(律师) for the driver of the white car asked him a lot of questions about what he had seen. Then he asked Stanley how old he was.“Im eighty-two,” answered Stanley.“Do you usually wear glasses ?” asked the lawyer.“Yes, I do,” answered Stanley. “Were you wearing them on the night of the accident?” the lawyer asked. “No,” replied Stanley.Then the lawyer said, “Why should the court believe you? You are eighty-tw