动词不定式用法小结.doc

动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是todo；其否定形式是not todo。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1作主语 可以直接作主语。如： To see is to believe 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： Its wrong to play tricks on other people Its our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is adj（形容词）to do sth或 It is n（名词）to do sth句型中，it仅作形式主语。 2作宾语 awant，decide ，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如： We agreed to start early She wants to be a doctor blove，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。 提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如： I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。 cstop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板： 1）stop to do sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth：停止正在做的事。 例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？ d在findfeelitadjto do sth句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text 点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。 3作宾语补足语 atell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如： I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write blet，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch， notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如： They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room 4作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 例句：I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如： I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with？ 5表语：放在连系动词be后面 例句：His wish is to become a scientist The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 6作状语 a目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，in order等词后面。如： I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time b原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised， disappointed，excited等词后面。如： I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you c作结果状语。如： Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 7与what，who，whose，when，where， how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。 如： I dont know what to do next（宾语） He taught us how to use the computer（宾语补足语） Its still a question how to get there（主语） 【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟） 一. 选择填空： 1. He asked me _ here earlier. A. come B. to come C. coming D. came 2. Please tell him _ on the wall. A. dont draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. not draw 3. He wanted _ a cup of tea. A. to have B. having C. have D. had 4. Id like _ a word with you. A. had B. having C. to have D. have 5. I came here _ my uncle. A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen 6. The man refused （拒绝）_ back his words. A. to take B. taking C. took D. takes 7. I can let you _ one ticket. A. to have B. have C. having D. had 8. We often heard him _ in his room. A. to sing B. sings C. sang D. sing 9. He was made _ day and night. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 10. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing. A. having B. to have C. have D. had 11. My father was too angry _ a word. A. to say B. not to say C. to saying D. didnt say 12. My brother was old enough _ to school. A. went B. goes C. going D. to go 13. It is time _ him _ supper. A. of, to have B. for, to have C. of, having D. for, to has 14. Its very kind _ you _ me. A. of, to help B. for, to help C. of, help D. of, helping 15. Its important _ our classroom clean every day. A. kept B. to keep C. to give D. keep 16. Before liberation （解放）they had no chance _ to school. A. went B. go C. to go D. to be gone 17. He said he had an important meeting _. A. attend B. would attend C. attending D. to attend 18. Please give me a piece of paper _. A. to write B. to write on C. writing D. to write it 19. I dont know _. A. what do B. what will do C. what to do D. do what 20. Your radio needs _. A. to be repairedB. to repair C. repaired D. to repairing 21. My wish is _ a teacher. A. becoming B. to become C. become D. became 22. I want _ him a letter now. A. to write B. not write C. write D. wrote 23. It took us three days _ the trees. A. plant B. planted C. to plant D. plants 24. Why not _ here _ me? A. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing D. come, see 25. He wishes me _ my best _ hard at English. A. to do, to workB. doing, workingC. to do, workingD. do, work 26. Please tell me _ her. I have something _ her. A. where to find, telling B. where to find, to tell C. where can find, to tellD. where finding, telling 27. How happy they are _ each other again! A. to see B. see C. saw D. being seen 28. They decided （决心）_ a letter _ their thanks. A. to write, expressing（表达） B. writing, express C. write, expressed D. to write, to express 29. The officer ordered （命令）him _ down _ a rest. A. lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, havingD. lie, had 30. The headmaster called on （号召）us _ hard for our country. A. to work B. worked C. work D. to working 二. 根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything. He was too angry _ _ anything. 2. I dont know when we will have the meeting. I dont know when _ _ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter _ _. 4. That you read English in the morning is very important. It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头） He was strong _ _ _ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could get there in time. They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _ _ the Great Wall. 10.I saw him go into the room. He was seen _ _ into the room. 11.We made him work five hours a day. He was made _ _ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _ _ for yourself? 13.We dont know what we shall do next. We dont know what _ _ next. 14.Im very sorry on hearing the bad news. Im very sorry _ _ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _ _ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _ _ English. 17.My father promised （许诺）that he would buy me a bike. My father promised _ _ me a bike. 18.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. The box is too heavy _ me _ _. 19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog. The boy ordered his dog _ _ down. 20.“Dont make any noise, ”she said to me. She told me _ _ _ any noise.一：形式主语或形式宾语it 那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。（ it ）It is very hard for those who havent been to the small village to describe its beauty.我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。（it ）I find it hard/it is hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.常需要用形式主语来翻译的情况1、Its + adj. + of/for sb. to do sth. Eg. Its so careless of you to make so many spelling mistakes in the English exam2、It so happened that Eg. It so happened that I didnt have any money on me.3、Its reported/ believed/ estimated that Its estimated that about 30 passengers were killed in the bus accident.4、在强调句it is + that 中 Eg. Its because of his perseverance that led to his late success.5、在含有某些形容词的句子中，如important，necessary，impossible, natural, common, strange等。6、Its likely thatEg. Its likely that John wont come though he has promised do.