1、Lesson1civil engineering土木工程structural engineering结构工程water resources engineering水源工程environmental engineering环境工程transportation engineering运输工程construction engineering建筑工程community and urban planning社区与市政规划survey测量,勘测engineering management工程管理drainage system排污系统utility公共设施groundwater地下水material pro
2、perty(behavior)材料性能potential潜能,电位pressure压力stability稳定性earthquake地震wastewater treatment plant废水处理厂air scrubber空气净化器installation安装strength强度rate of flow流率frame work框架,构架natural resource自然资源discipline学科,分枝predominate居支配地位,(数量上)占优势geotechnical 岩土工程的specification 详述,说明书,清单supervise 监督,管理subcontractor 转包
3、合同asphalt 沥青aluminum 铝runoff 雨量,流量lock 水闸,闸门fill 装填物,填土scrubber 洗涤器incineration 焚化toxic 有毒的combustible 易燃的ramp 斜坡excavate 挖掘aerial 空气的,航空的sonic 声音的,音速的,利用音波的plotting 测绘,标图municipal 市政的,地方的commission 委员会Lesson2budget预算raw material原材料compression压缩compressive strength抗压强度tension拉伸tensile strength抗拉强度su
4、pport支撑vertical垂直的horizontal水平的column柱子beam梁frame construction 框架结构cantilever悬臂梁golden section黄金分割点mathematical formulas数学公式stress应力strain应变character特性,性能geography地理shelter遮蔽处encompass 包括,围绕identical 完全相同的illumination 照明parlance 说法,用法edifice 大建筑物,大厦dominant 支配的,占优势nave早期教堂中殿,中央广场aisle走廊transept教堂的交叉
5、通道apse教堂的后殿balustrade栏杆intermediate中间的clue线索colonnade柱廊,柱列aspiration抱负,渴望incarnation化身,体现blank wall挡墙cave dweller穴居人Gothic cathedral哥特式大教堂Lesson3component构件load-carrying capability承受能力ptioartin隔板,隔墙heating and cooling system加热与冷却系统superstructure上部建筑substructure基础foundation基础,地基steel framework刚架结构cas
6、t-iron铸铁reinforced concrete钢筋水泥masonry砌体corrugated steel deck波纹钢地板ateral force(deformation) 侧向力(变形)transparent透明的,明晰的opaque不透明的pre-cast concrete预浇铸水泥stiffness硬度rib肋骨slab beam薄板梁ventilating通风three-dimension三维的,立体的hinge绞链elastic property弹性性能truss桁架plumbing system水管系统partition分开,隔墙converter炼钢炉surpass超过
7、exterior外部(的)Lesson4stressed-skin tube承力表层式筒体lateral sway侧面位移stiffness刚度,刚性boundary condition边界条件rigid belt trusses刚性带式桁架framed tube框式筒体column-diagonal truss tube基础,地基bundled tube筒体系spandrel beams拱梁rigid shear wall tube刚性承剪墙式筒体composite material复合材料spectacular 壮观的sway摇摆,歪,使倾斜residential居住的,住宅的innova
8、tion创新,新事物eliminate排除column柱,圆柱物demonstrate证明,示范project凸出,投射,工程truss框架bundle捆,束terminate使终止faade房屋的正面,外观perimeter周围,周界encroach侵占high-rise building高层建筑reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土spandrel beam窗下墙的墙托梁shear wall剪力墙lintel过梁deck甲板corrugate弄皱duct管道,预应力筋孔道ancillary辅助的ventilate使通风conceal隐蔽curtain wall 悬墙,幕墙bear
9、ing wall 承重墙plumbing system卫生设备系统conduit管道stratification分层,层理exhibit显示,呈现Lesson5organic matter有机物质noxious odor有毒气体dis-infection消毒bacteria细菌viruses病毒protozoa原生动物coagulation凝结activated carbon活性碳biological disc生物转盘metropolitan都市的microorganism微生物pesticide杀虫剂herbicide除草剂potable water可饮用水dewater脱水compost混
10、合肥料centrifuge离心分离机afterburner加力燃烧室cement mortar水泥砂浆electrostatic precipitator静电沉淀剂fluid-bed流化床purification净化Lesson6ventilate使通风,使换气mobile vehicle机动车辆thermal diffusion热扩散,热漫布thermal equilibrium condition热平衡条件thermal vibration热振动central heating中央加热humidity湿度,湿气climate气候suction吸,吸力,吸气chamber燃烧室shaft轴re
11、frigerating冷冻plenum system压力通风系统pedestal基础,底座acoustics声学,建筑物的传音性cognizance认识,注意charcoal木炭aperture孔隙,口径potbelly大腹hypocaust热坑canopy天蓬,防雨盖板pedestal基座,柱脚,底座cloak斗篷horticultural园艺的convector对流器apparatus器械,设备amelioration改善,改进suction吸气,吸力ubiquitous普遍存在的perforate穿孔,打洞trough沟,槽Mediterranean地中海的plenum system压力
12、通风系统terra-cotta陶瓦Thames River 泰晤士河Lesson7span跨度,跨距pedestrians行人highway公路,高速公路roadway车行道,路面forming成型shaping修整tropical regions热带地区suspension bridge吊桥bridge pier桥墩stability稳定性anchor锚定overlap重叠,交迭cantilever bridge悬臂式桥梁corbel arch突拱rigid beam刚性梁girder梁, 钢桁的支架stretch拉伸buckle屈曲cable电缆,索valley 山谷obstacle 障碍
13、aqueduct沟渠,引水桥barge 驳船,用船运输isolated 隔离的,单独log 原木vine 葡萄树,藤蔓slant 倾斜,鞋面subsoil 下层土,天然地基aerialist 高空杂技师tightrope 钢丝abutment 桥墩,桥台anchorage 锚定,固定支座stretch 拉伸,展开girder 桁架,主梁,撑杆intersect 横断,相交intermediate pier 中间墩Lesson8initiate开始,发动authority权力,当局approach通路,途经,接近safe factor安全因子chip碎裂weather受侵蚀,使风化hardeni
14、ng process硬化过程yield strength屈服强度laminate层叠failure失效stress and strain应力和应变static load静载荷dynamic load or live load动载荷impact冲击bump冲击,碰撞vibration振动tremor震动,颤动dynamic behavior动态性能wind tunnel风洞revenue 收入,税收durability 耐久性tremor震动,地震debris碎片,残骸cofferdam围堰caisson沉箱,沉井hazardous危险的temporary暂时的ingenuity独创性,灵活性,
15、精巧derrick 人字起重机winch卷扬机,绞车guardrail护栏accessory附件,辅助设备toll通行费preliminary design 初步设计tensile strength 抗拉强度yield strength屈服强度suspension bridge吊桥,悬索桥compressed air压缩空气Lesson11layout规划,设计terrain地形right of way可通行ground mapping地图测绘expressway高速公路,快车道traverse横过,穿过metropolitan大城市的,主要城市的acquisition获得substitute
16、代替,取代blueprint蓝图,设计图accommodate提供, 供应,容纳frequency频率,周期capacity容量,能力duration持续时间runoff rate流率roughness粗糙度interstate州际的maintenance维护,保养pavement公路,人行道abutting 邻近的speculative 投机的,推测的traverse 横穿recreational 娱乐性的,供消遣的gradation 分级,级配,层次expressway 高速公路compact 压实,捣实accommodate供应,容纳,适应caliche钙质壳,生硝oyster砾,牡蛎b
17、ituminous 含沥青的catchbasin汇水沟,雨水井adverse 相反的,不利的precipitation沉淀,降水量,地形性降雨photogrammetric 摄影制图的outlet 出口,排水口pneumatic-tired roller 气胎压路机public utilities公共设施calcium chloride氯化钙guard rail 护栏Lesson12traffic routing交通路线freeway高速公路through streets直通大街one-way streets单行线,单行道regulation规则,规章,法规intersection十字路口,交
18、叉点expedite加速,派出pavement marking路面标记artery动脉,干线congestion拥塞,充血crosswalk斑马线,人行横道symbol信号bit字节alleviate减轻,缓和off-peak periods 非高峰时间bottleneck道路的瓶颈,狭道interference冲突,干扰mileage英里数,行车里程curvature弯曲,曲率shift转移,轮班,替换reliance信赖,依靠的人或物reversible 可逆的,回行的channelization 管道化,河道疏浚intersection 十字路口,交叉点conflict 冲突interf
19、erence 冲突,干扰,相互影响remote 遥感的,远程的arbitrary 任意的,随机的bottleneck 狭道,交通堵塞periphery 外围,边缘off-peak periods 非高峰时间Lesson16footing基础,底座rectangular长方形,矩形trapezoidal梯形,不规则四边形description描述,描绘enlarge扩大,增加retention保留,保持discontinuity间断,不连续subside下沉,沉降infiltrate渗入,渗透,透过basement基础,地下室encase包裹,围住accumulate积聚,堆积flexibili
20、ty弹性,挠性backfill回填,装填admixture混合物,掺合物mat foundation板式基础slab foundation 平板基础plain concrete素水泥sump 水坑,积水井grout 水泥浆,灌浆weep 渗漏,滴水swell 膨胀,涨水,增大,隆起Lesson17layout设计,布置master schedule 设计任务书subsidiary辅助的,补充的forecast预测,预想procurement取得,获得expedite加速,促进fabricate制作,构造comply with照做formwork模子材料budget预算,做预算unit cost
21、单位成本time card计时卡片overrun超过,超出time study工时定额研究water table地下水位fissure裂缝,裂纹execution执行,完成,施工invoice发票,发货单dismantle拆卸,拆除clarify澄清,阐明,净化payroll工资单productivity生产力,劳动生产率bulldozer推土机,压路机shovel铲,挖掘机dragline拉索,拉铲挖土机clamshell抓斗,蛤壳式挖泥机scraper铲运机,刮土机,平土机haul拖,拉,拖运contamination污染,污染物wellpoint降低地下水位的井点,深坑点fragment
22、 断片,碎块solidify 凝固,固结ingredient 成分,配料silo 竖井,发射井amalgam 软的混合物slip form 滑动模板,滑模Lesson18deform变形physical property物理性能elasticity弹性plasticity塑性brittle碎性的fracture断裂elastic modulus弹性模量extrude挤压hydration水化pulverize研磨成粉durability耐久性synthetic合成的,人造的resin树脂,胶质thermosetting热固塑料thermoplastic热塑性塑料seashell贝壳,海贝ult
23、imate tensile strength极限抗拉强度grain颗粒,粒面elasticity 弹性,弹力,弹性力学stiffness 刚度,硬度secular 世俗的,现世的,非宗教的pyramid金字塔,四面体stack 堆叠,整齐地对其slate 石板瓦,铺石板timber 木材,原木conifer针叶树spruce云杉cabinetwork细木工,细木家具cellular细胞的,分格的,多孔状的grain颗粒,纹理,粒面silicon硅manganese猛negligible可以忽略的douglas fir美国松Lesson19overall全部的,全面的collapse倒塌,崩溃a
24、scertain确定,探知stability稳定性exert施加,尽力reaction force反作用力static equilibrium静力平衡line of action作用线determinate静定indeterminate超静定equivalent相等的,相当的lateral force测向力coplanar共面的nonconcurrent不集中于一点的normal法线approximate近似的,大约的redundant多余的superposition叠加,重叠inversion倒置matrix矩阵procedure 步骤,过程facilitate 促进,简化abrupt 突然的,不连续的nonconcurrent非共点的reaction 反应反作用,反力superposition 叠加,重合contraflexure反向玩去simultaneous联立的,同时的algebra代数laborious艰苦的,费力的multiplication乘法,倍增invert 反演,倒置,转化,颠倒random 任意的,随机的neutral axis 中和轴pin joint 铰接angular displacement 角位移earthquake-resistant抗地震的statically indeterminate structure超静定结构