商照Ground-Lesson-No-1a---Intro-to-Comm.ppt

Introduction to Introduction to Commercial Certificate Commercial Certificate Privileges and LimitationsCommercial pilot general privileges are as follows:a person who holds a commercial pilot certificate may act as pilot-in-command of an aircraft carrying persons or property for compensation or hire,provided the person is qualified in accordance with 14 CFR Part 61,and for compensation or hire,provided the person is qualified in accordance with Part 61 and applicable parts of the regulations that apply to the operation.Commercial Certificate Privileges Commercial Certificate Privileges As for limitations,a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category or powered-lift category rating and does not hold an instrument rating in the same category and class will be issued a commercial pilot certificate that contains the limitation;“The carriage of passengers for hire in(airplanes)(powered-lifts)on cross-country flights in excess of 50 nautical miles or at night is prohibited.”The limitation may be removed when the person satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements listed in 61.65 for an instrument rating in the same category and class of aircraft listed on the persons commercial pilot certificate.Commercial Certificate Commercial Certificate Limitations Limitations A carrier becomes a common carrier when it holds itself out to the public,or to a segment of the public,as willing to furnish transportation within the limits of its facilities to any person who wants it.There are four elements in defining a common carrier;(1)a holding out of a willingness to(2)transport persons or property(3)from place to place(4)for compensation.Private carriage for hire is carriage for one or several selected customers,generally on a long-term basis.The number of contracts must not be too great,otherwise it implies a willingness to make a contract with anybody.Private Carriage(1)Carries one OR a select few number of customers on a long term basis.(2)The pilot accepting the compensation has some kind of relationship with the customer.(3)Pilot does not own the planeCommon Carriage Vs.Private Common Carriage Vs.Private Carriage Carriage 61.123 61.123 Eligibility requirements:GeneralEligibility requirements:General.(a)Be at least 18 years of age;(b)Be able to read,speak,write,and understand the English language.If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons,then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicants pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft.(c)Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:FAR PART 61 ELIGIBILITY FAR PART 61 ELIGIBILITY(c)Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:(1)Conducted the required ground training or reviewed the persons home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.125 of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought;and(2)Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test that applies to the aircraft category and class rating sought.FAR PART 61 ELIGIBILITY FAR PART 61 ELIGIBILITY(d)Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.125 of this part;(e)Receive the required training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:(1)Conducted the training on the areas of operation listed in 61.127(b)of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought;and(2)Certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test.FAR PART 61 ELIGIBILITY FAR PART 61 ELIGIBILITY(f)Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test;(g)Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation listed in 61.127(b)of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought;(h)Hold at least a private pilot certificate issued under this part or meet the requirements of 61.73;and(i)Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.FAR PART 61 ELIGIBILITY FAR PART 61 ELIGIBILITY 61.125 Aeronautical knowledge.(a)General.A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor,or complete a home-study course,on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph(b)of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.(b)Aeronautical knowledge areas.(1)Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to commercial pilot privileges,limitations,and flight operations;FAR PART 61 FAR PART 61 KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE FAR PART 61 KNOWLEDGE FAR PART 61 KNOWLEDGE(2)Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board;(3)Basic aerodynamics and the principles of flight;(4)Meteorology to include recognition of critical weather situations,windshear recognition and avoidance,and the use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts;(5)Safe and efficient operation of aircraft;(6)Weight and balance computations;(7)Use of performance charts;(8)Significance and effects of exceeding aircraft performance limitations;(9)Use of aeronautical charts and a magnetic compass for pilotage and dead reckoning;(10)Use of air navigation facilities;(11)Aeronautical decision making and judgment;(12)Principles and functions of aircraft systems;(13)Maneuvers,procedures,and emergency operations appropriate to the aircraft;(14)Night and high-altitude operations;(15)Procedures for operating within the National Airspace System;and(16)Procedures for flight and ground training for lighter-than-air ratings.FAR PART 61 FAR PART 61 PROFICIENCY PROFICIENCY 61.127 Flight proficiency.(a)General.A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.(2)For an airplane category rating with a multiengine class rating:(i)Preflight preparation;(ii)Preflight procedures;(iii)Airport and seaplane base operations;(iv)Takeoffs,landings,and go-arounds;(v)Performance maneuvers;(vi)Navigation;(vii)Slow flight and stalls;(viii)Emergency operations;(ix)Multiengine operations;(x)High-altitude operations;and(xi)Postflight procedures.1.This appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum for a commercial pilot certification course required under this part,for the following ratings:(b)Airplane multiengine.FAR Part 141 FAR Part 141 ApplicabilityApplicabilityA person must hold the following prior to enrolling in the flight portion of the commercial pilot certification course:(a)At least a private pilot certificate;and(b)If the course is for a rating in an airplane or a powered-lift category,then the person must:(1)Hold an instrument rating in the aircraft that is appropriate to the aircraft category rating for which the course applies;or(2)Be concurrently enrolled in an instrument rating course that is appropriate to the aircraft category rating for which the course applies,and pass the required instrument rating practical test prior to completing the commercial pilot certification course.FAR Part 141 FAR Part 141 Eligibility Eligibility 3.Aeronautical knowledge training.(a)Each approved course must include at least the following ground training on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in paragraph(b)of this section,appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating for which the course applies:(1)35 hours of training if the course is for an airplane category rating or a powered-lift category rating.FAR Part 141 FAR Part 141 Aeronautical knowledge trainingAeronautical knowledge training(1)Federal Aviation Regulations that apply to commercial pilot privileges,limitations,and flight operations;(2)Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board;(3)Basic aerodynamics and the principles of flight;(4)Meteorology,to include recognition of critical weather situations,wind shear recognition and avoidance,and the use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts;(5)Safe and efficient operation of aircraft;(6)Weight and balance computations;(7)Use of performance charts;(8)Significance and effects of exceeding aircraft performance limitations;(9)Use of aeronautical charts and a magnetic compass for pilotage and dead reckoning;(10)Use of air navigation facilities;(11)Aeronautical decision making and judgment;(12)Principles and functions of aircraft systems;(13)Maneuvers,procedures,and emergency operations appropriate to the aircraft;(14)Night and high-altitude operations;(15)Descriptions of and procedures for operating within the National Airspace System;and(16)Procedures for flight and ground training for lighter-than-air ratings.FAR Part 141FAR Part 141Aeronautical knowledge training Aeronautical knowledge training(a)Each approved course must include at least the following flight training,as provided in this section and section No.5 of this appendix,on the approved areas of operation listed in paragraph(d)of this section that are appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating for which the course applies:(1)120 hours of training if the course is for an airplane or powered-lift rating.FAR Part 141FAR Part 141Flight trainingFlight training(2)For an airplane multiengine course:55 hours of flight training from a certificated flight instructor on the approved areas of operation listed in paragraph(d)(2)of this section that includes at least(i)Ten hours of instrument training using a view-limiting device including attitude instrument flying,partial panel skills,recovery from unusual flight attitudes,and intercepting and tracking navigational systems.Five hours of the 10 hours required on instrument training must be in a multiengine airplane;(ii)10 hours of training in a multiengine airplane that has retractable landing gear,flaps,and a controllable pitch propeller,or is turbine-powered;(iii)One 2-hour cross country flight in daytime conditions in a multiengine airplane that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;(iv)One 2-hour cross country flight in nighttime conditions in a multiengine airplane that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;and(v)3 hours in a multiengine airplane in preparation for the practical test within 60 days preceding the date of the test.FAR Part 141FAR Part 141Flight training cont.,Flight training cont.,(3)Training in a flight training device that meets the requirements of 141.41(b)of this part may be credited for a maximum of 20 percent of the total flight training hour requirements of the approved course,or of this section,whichever is less.(d)Each approved course must include the flight training on the approved areas of operation listed in this paragraph that are appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating(2)For an airplane multiengine course:(i)Preflight preparation;(ii)Preflight procedures;(iii)Airport and seaplane base operations;(iv)Takeoffs,landings,and go-arounds;(v)Performance maneuvers;(vi)Navigation;(vii)Slow flight and stalls;(viii)Emergency operations;(ix)Multiengine operations;(x)High-altitude operations;and(xi)Post flight procedures.FAR Part 141FAR Part 141Flight training cont.,Flight training cont.,5.Each approved course must include at least the following solo flight training:(b)For an airplane multiengine course.Ten hours of solo flight time in a multiengine airplane,or 10 hours of flight time while performing the duties of pilot in command in a multiengine airplane with an authorized instructor on board.The training must consist of the approved areas of operation under paragraph(d)(2)of section 4 of this appendix,and include(1)One cross-country flight,if the training is being performed in the State of Hawaii,with landings at a minimum of three points,and one of the segments consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 150 nautical miles;(2)One cross-country flight,if the training is being performed in a State other than Hawaii,with landings at a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight consisting of straight-line distance of at least 250 nautical miles;and(3)5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings(with each landing involving a flight with a traffic pattern)at an airport with an operating control tower.FAR Part 141FAR Part 141Solo Training Cont.,Solo Training Cont.,6.(a)Each student enrolled in a commercial pilot course must satisfactorily accomplish the stage checks and end-of-course tests,in accordance with the schools approved training course,consisting of the approved areas of operation listed in paragraph(d)of section No.4 of this appendix that are appropriate to aircraft category and class rating for which the course applies.(b)Each student must demonstrate satisfactory proficiency prior to receiving an endorsement to operate an aircraft in solo flight.FAR Part 141FAR Part 141Stage checks and end-of-course Stage checks and end-of-course tests.tests.In FAR 61.133 Commercial pilot privileges and limitations:(b)Limitations.(1)A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category or powered-lift category rating and does not hold an instrument rating in the same category and class will be issued a commercial pilot certificate that contains the limitation,“The carriage of passengers for hire in(airplanes)(powered-lifts)on cross-country flights in excess of 50 nautical miles or at night is prohibited.”The limitation may be removed when the person satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements listed in 61.65 of this part for an instrument rating in the same category and class of aircraft listed on the persons commercial pilot certificate.FAR Part 141FAR Part 141Commercial pilot privileges and Commercial pilot privileges and limitationslimitations(a)This part prescribes rules governing(1)The commuter or on-demand operations of each person who holds or is required to hold an Air Carrier Certificate or Operating Certificate under part 119 of this chapter.(2)Each person employed or used by a certificate holder conducting operations under this part including the maintenance,preventative maintenance and alteration of an aircraft.(3)The transportation of mail by aircraft conducted under a postal service contract awarded under 39 U.S.C.5402c.(4)Each person who applies for provisional approval of an Advanced Qualification Program curriculum,curriculum segment,or portion of a curriculum segment under subpart Y of part 121 of this chapter of 14 CFR part 121 and each person employed or used by an air carrier or commercial operator under this part to perform training,qualification,or evaluation functions under an Advanced Qualification Program under subpart Y of part 121 of t