高中英语倒装句(详细讲义+随堂练习).doc

Grammar of the Inversion （Module 5 Unit 4）倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。倒装分两种情况: 1)将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，2)只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。并且强调性倒装和以so， neither， nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。一、倒装句的意义1. 用倒装构成疑问句,适应一定的语法结构的需要。e.g. May I come in？Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927？2. 为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。e.g. Never have I been late for school this term. So early did he come to school that no other students came.二、倒装的用法完全倒装1. 在“there be”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。e.g. There is a box on the table.There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.2. 为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如here, there, now , then, , thus , up， down， out，off, over, away， in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前, 在here， there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）。e.g. There goes the bell. Here is an apple for you.There she comes.(人称代词倒装)e.g. Away hurried the boy. Out rushed the girl.Away she went with tears in her eyes.Ex：Out _, with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rushEx：There _. And here _.A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is sheC. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she3. 为了保持句子的平衡或为了强调表语和状语，或使上下文紧密衔接，常把表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首用时, ,要用完全倒装,该结构不需加助动词。构成: 1) 表(介短)+系+主; 2) 状(介短)+谓动+主 . 如:On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a playground. East of the town lies a beautiful lake. In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. Outside the doctors clinic were twenty patients. Ex：Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man 4.直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）e.g. Very well， said the French student. Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea， please. he said.()5. “表语(代词such) + be + 主语结构。如: Such was the story he told me.Such were her words.Such was the result.部分倒装1. 在疑问句中。e.g. Is she singing in the classroom？What does your mother do？ 2. 重复倒装句型，用在以so， nor， neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor， neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。e.g. I am watching TV. So is she. My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither （Nor） did I.She is busy doing her homework. So is her brother.You passed the exam. So did I.He doesnt like shopping. Neither do i.He cant speak any foreign language. Nor can his father.注意: 表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is withHis uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.Ex：1)I dont know how to swim, _. A. and my sister doesnt neither B. nor my sister can C. nor does my sister D. and my sister does either2)Shes passed the test. _. A. So am I B. So have I C. So I have D. Also I have3） Do you know Tom bought a new car? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。 -Its raining hard. -So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。 3. 在以hardly(scarcely), never, not, little, few，seldom, nowhere，no,no- 等否定或半否定意义的副词、连词放在句首时要用倒装句，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。e.g. Little did he say at the meeting. Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.Not once did we visit the city of our own.Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Never have I seen such a performance.Ex.-Why cant I smoke here? -At no time_ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit 比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.Ex：2) Have you ever seen anything like that before? No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seenB. never I have seenC. never have I seenD. I have seen4. 用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk. Only in this way can we learn English well.注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this. only Only a few young men went to the theatre. （修饰主语时则不用倒装）Ex：1)Only in this way _ make progress in your English. A. youB. can youC. you be able toD. will you able to2) Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend. A. he couldB. he was able toC. was he able toD. was able to he3)Only after liberation_ to be treated as human beings.A.did they begin B. they had begun C.they did begin D. had they begun5. 在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were， had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。e.g. Had I time （= If I had time）， I would go and help you. Were I you （= If I were you）， I would go abroad. Should he come （=If he should come）， tell him to ring me up.6. as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。 e.g. Proud as they are， they are afraid to see me. Child as he is， he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠词）Hard as he worded， he made little progress.Much as she likes him, she doesnt love him.Ex：_, hes honest. A. As he is poorB. Poor is heC. Poor as he isD. Poor as is he_, he knows a lot of things. A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he 7. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。e.g. May you succeed！ Long live the Peoples Republic of China！8. So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装。 So happy did he feel.Such was me.Such a good girl is she. Such delicious food did he cook.9.固定搭配 hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。(主倒从不到)Hardly(Scarcely) had he reached the station when the train started.The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.Ex：1）Hardly _down _he stepped in.A.had I sat than B. I had sat when C.had I sat then D. had I satwhen2) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off. A. I had arrived atB. had I arrivedC. had I reachedD. I had got to10. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.Often did we warn them not to do so.Well did I remember the day I saw a wild tiger.Always did the soldier go to help the villagers.Many a time has John given me good advice.Ex：Many a time _ swimming alone. A. the boy wentB. went the boyC. did the boy goD. did go the boy11. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结果状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下： so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。(主倒从不倒)Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.12. 分词+ be + 主语结构。如:Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.Lying on the floor was a boy aged seventeen.13. done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards.14. not only but also引出的并列句，紧跟not only后的句子要倒装，but also后的句子不倒装。注意： 如否定词not only不在句首不倒装。例如： Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 Not only was there no electricity, but also no water.如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如：Not only you but also I am fond of music。 15. 当not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。Not until the child fell asleep the mother did leave the room.Not until he shouted at the top of his voice did she turn her head.Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know Ex.1）Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know 2）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realize 倒装句综合练习：1._ and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat2._ and the lesson began. A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown3.Over _ , dead. A. rolling the goatB. rolled the goat C. did the goat rollD. the goat rolled4.Where is my shirt, mum? _. A. There is it B.There it is C. There is D. Here is it5. Where is your father? Oh, _. A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he6.The door opened and there _ .A. enters an old man B. entered an old man C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered7. Now _ your turn to recite the text. A. will comeB. comesC. has comeD. there is8.Often _ them not to smoke here. A. we advised B. advised me C. did we advise D. had we advised9._ playing soldiers. A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boysC. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys10. On the wall _ two large portraits. A. are hangingB. Hanged C. hangD. hangs 11._ who was wounded in the stomach. A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldier C. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier12. Next door to ours _ , who is no less than eighty. A. that lives an old man B. does an old man live C. lives an old man D. where lives an old man13.She plays the piano very well, _. A. so every one of us does B. every one of us does C. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us14.You say he works hard, _, and _. A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do you C. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do15. I thought you women were present at the meeting. _. A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we16.I dont think Jack will come today, _. A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesnt C. Mary will either D. or Mary does17. She is fond of cooking, _I . A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language . A. So it was with Engles B. So was it with Engles C. So was Engles D. So did Engles19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._. A. So does a man B. So will a man C. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man20. So absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals. A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make C. was she in; take D. she had been in ; have21.So loudly _ that every one of the class could hear him. A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke22. _ his apperance that no one could recognize him. A. Strange so was B. So strange was C. Was so strange D. So was strange23.Not once _ their plan. A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change24. Never _ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou. A. are seeingB. had I seen C. I have seenD. have I seen25.Seldom _ TV during the day. A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched D. do they watch26.Nowhere _ as in my garden. A. the flowers were so beautiful B. were the flowers so beautiful C. so beautiful were the flowers D. so beautiful the flowers were27. Hardly _ his homework when he went out. A. finished he B. he had finished C. did he finish D. had he finished28.Scarcely _ finished their homework _ I came into the classroom. A. had they; than B. they had; when C. had they; when D. did they; when29. Not only _ a promise, but also he kept it. A. has he made B. does he make C. he made D. did he make30. Not until his comrades criticized him _ to admit his mistake. A. had he begun B. began he C. did he begin D. does he beginKeys： 15 CABBA 610 BBBDA 1115 BCCBA 1620 BAACC 2125 ABADD 2630 BDCDC6