2018年上海高考英语选词填空专项练习.doc

WORD格式整理 Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accurateB. alteration C. average D. calculates E. conceal F. enormouslyG. initialH. intervalsI. merelyJ. multiplyK. predictionBeyond two or three days, the worlds best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless. The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms any _41_ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties _42_, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) _43_ satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some _44_ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot _45_ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly _46_ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist (气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) _47_ powerful computer takes all the data and _48_ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will _49_ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the _50_. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.Keys:41-45 KJIGH 46-50 AFDECSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. countless B. exhaustedC. comparison D. essentialE. estimatesF. distinctiveG. relatively H. clearedI. unfortunatelyJ. recycledK. restricts Rain forests, found in Earths temperate and tropical (热带的) zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain _41_ features, including a closed canopy, thedensevegetation of thetop branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and _42_ constant temperatures throughout the year. Most of the forests insect and animal life grows well in the canopys leafy and sunlit environment. The forests groundcover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the suns light makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils, _43_ plant growth. Rain forests are a(n) _44_ part of Earths total ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and _45_ into the atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration (蒸发). Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis (光合作用), rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem. The rain forests are _46_ shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are _47_ in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly _48_. When farmers move on to new areas, heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of _49_ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some _50_, an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month. Keys:41-45 F G K D J46-50 I H B A ESection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. challenged B. functions C. solved D. deserves E. mirrorsF. practical G. further H. urge I. presence J. opposing K. survival“In wilderness is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed 41 a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The 42 to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation brings to such landscapes is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform 43 that humans needthe rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the 44 view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human 45 , or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for 46 . While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no 47 reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being 48 by the other participants. One opinion is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a 49 question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously 50 much more serious thinking.KEYS41.E42.H43.B44.J45.I46.K47.G48.A49.F50.DSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A peak B. prospect C. intense D. indicating E. mildF. uncertainty G. unusually H. complicated I. applied J. prepare K. modelA drop in the suns radiation can cause cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries _41_ for storms.Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation from the sun reaches a(n) _42_ then falls. But detecting a clear link of the cycle to the weather has proved much _43_ .Our research notices a link between solar activities and regional winter climate, lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email. Her team focused on the data from the recent minimum solar radiation period during 2008-10, which was a(n) _44_ calm period for the sun but at the same time, _45_ winters in the U.S and Europe were recorded which brought troubles to many businesses and made peoples lives difficult.The researchers found that a reduction in radiation from the sun can affect wind patterns , _46_ cold winters.While radiation levels wont tell us what the day-to-day weather will be, they provide the exciting _47_of improved prediction for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These predictions play an important role inlong-term weather planning, Ineson said.Inesons team used the data in a complex computer to _48_ long-term weather patterns. It successfully reproduced what scientists had observed happening in the upper atmosphere during changes in solar radiation. More study was needed, though. The key _49_ in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it spans(跨度) only a few years. So there are still questions concerning whether the current research results are accurate and whether they can be _50_ to other solar cycles, she said.41-50 JAHGC DBKFISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. loweringB. conditionsC. warningD. seeminglyE. inconclusiveF. frequentlyG. reactionsH.alternativeI.interestinglyJ. propertiesK. mixingNot so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . Whats the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ， appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.Keys:41-45 BIFEA 46-50 DGCHK 专业知识分享