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动词
一. 动词的概念。
动词表示主语的动作或状态的词。 如:
I read Englih every day. (表示动作)
It is autumn. (表示状态)
The old man is carryinng a heavy box. (表示动作)
二. 动词的种类。
动词
情态动词
can,may,must,need,would
be 动词
is,am,are,was,were
连系动词
感官类
feel,smell,sound,taste,look
存在持续类
keep,stay,appear
变化类
become,get,turn,grow
实义动词
hear,say,read,write
①be动词的用法
我是am,你是are,is跟着他,她和它,复数人称都用are. 如:
I am a student. You are a teacher.
My father and mother are workers.
②连系动词的用法
(1)连系动词一般不用于现在进行时。 如:
误:The cloth is feeling soft. 正:The cloth feels soft.
(2)连系动词不用副词来修饰,其后跟形容词做表语。 如:
误:You should keep quietly in the hospital. 正:You should keep quiet in the hospital.
③情态动词的用法
情态动词的用法
考点1.can和could的用法。
① 表示能力,意为“能,会”。
She can drive, but she can’t ride a bike. 她会开车,但不会骑自行车。
I hope to offer you some useful advice. 我希望给你一些有用的建议。
He can give you some books. 他能给你一些书。
② 表示请求或允许,意为“可以”。
Can I use your telephone?我能用下你的电话吗?
You can go now. 你现在可以走了。
We can ask her for help. 我们可以向她寻求帮助。
③ could是can的过去式,表示过去的能力。
I could swim all the way across the lake,but I can’t now. 我以前可以游过这片湖,但现在不能了。
He could cook when he was young. 他年轻时会做饭。
He could be saved, but he wasn’t sent to hospital in time.他原本可以获救的,但他没有被及时送到医院。
④ 表示请求时,could的语气比can更加委婉,肯定回答用can,而不用could。
---- Could you lend your car to me? 你可以把你的车借给我吗?
---- Of course, I can. 当然,可以。
考点2:may和might的用法。
① 表示请求或允许,意为“可以”。其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t,意为“不可以、不允许、禁止”,不可用may not。
You may go home now. 你现在可以回家了。
May I have a word with you,please?我能跟你讲话吗?
May I have it ? 我能拥有它吗?
---May I go now? 我现在可以走了吗?
---No, you mustn’t. 不,不可以。
② 表示推测,意为“可能、也许”,用于肯定句中。
He may be at home. 他可能在家里。
They may come tomorrow. 他们明天可能会来。
③ might是may的过去式,表示推测时,可能性比may小。
He might go to see the doctor. 他可能去看医生了。
She might get angry with you. 她可能生你气了。
考点3:must的用法。
① 表示必须,否定式为mustn’t,意为“禁止”。
I must go now. 我现在必须走了。
We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习。
You mustn’t play with fire. 你一定不能玩火。
② 表示推测,意为“一定”,只用于肯定句中,否定句中用can’t。
The man over there must be my father. 那边那个男的一定是我爸爸。
The light is on. Someone must be at home. 灯亮着,家里一定有人。
That girl on the playground can’t be my sister, because she has gone abroad. 那个女孩一定不是我姐姐,因为她到国外去了。
③ 以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must,而否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to,意为“不需要、不必”,而不能用mustn’t。
---Must I hand in the homework now? 我需要马上交作业吗?
---No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不,你不需要。
考点4:need的用法。
① need作情态动词用时,没有人称和数的变化,直接接动词原形,只用于否定句和疑问句中,构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词。用need提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。
You needn’t do it. 你不需要做那件事。
---Need I come here tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗?
---Yes, you must / No, you needn’t (don’t have to). 是的,你必须来。/不,你不必。
② need作行为动词时,有人称和数的变化,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中,构成否定句和疑问句时要用助动词do, does, did。
The boy needs the parents’ love. 这个孩子需要父母的爱。
The flowers in the park needed a lot of water. 花园里的花需要很多水。
考点5:shall和should的用法。
① shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见。
Shall I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗?
Shall we have lunch at a restaurant? 让我们在餐馆吃午饭好吗?
② shall 用于第二、三人称时,表示警告、命令、允诺等。
Everyone shall keep silent during the meeting. 会议期间每个人都要保持安静。
My father shall buy me a new bicycle on my birthday. 我爸爸会在我生日的时候给我买辆新的自行车。
③ should 用来表示义务、责任,意为“应该”。
We should obey the traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。
The children should listen to their parents. 孩子应该听父母的话。
考点6:will和would的用法。
① will表示请求、询问或意愿。
Will you help me with my English? 你可以帮我学习英语吗?
He will do anything for his family. 他愿意为自己的家庭做任何事。
② would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。
When I was young, I would do a lot of hard work. 当我年轻的时候,我愿意做很多艰苦的工作。
Would you please tell me how to get to the zoo. 你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗?
Would you like to come to my party? 你愿意来参加我的晚会吗?
考点7:情态动词用法易混点。
① can和be able to表示能力时,can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,其他时态要用be able to。另外,表示成功做成某事时,用be able to。
Tom couldn’t ride the bike, but now he can. 汤姆以前不会骑自行车,但是现在会了。
He will be able to came back in three days. 再过三天他就可以回来了。
A big fire took place in the house, but all the people were able to escape from it. 房子起大火了,但是所有人都成功逃脱了。
② must和have to均表示“必须”,但must强调主观意愿,have to强调客观需要。
We must study hard at school. 在学校我们必须努力学习。
The sun is setting and I have to go home. 太阳要落山了,我必须回家了。
③ could, would, might等有时并不表示过去,而是表示委婉客气的语气。
Could I use your pen? 我可以用你的笔吗?
Would you mend the bike for me? 你可以帮我修下自行车吗?
④实义动词的用法
实义动词一般在句子中做谓语,有人称,时态的变化。实义动词可以单独用作谓语。 如:
I like English. The child is playing the piano.
⑤动词的基本形式
英语动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形,第三人称单数,过去式,现在分词和过去分词。 动词原形用于固定用法和一般现在时中主语非三单,第三人称单数用于一般现在时中主语为三单,过去式用于一般过去时,现在分词用于进行时,过去分词用于完成时和被动语态。
(1) 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则,与名词变复数的规则大致一样:
规 则
例 词
一般的动词在词尾加-s
works,reads,looks,lives
以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的单词在词尾加-es
finishes,guesses,catches,goes,mixes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,加es
flies,studies,carries
以元音字母加y结尾的动词,直接加s
stays,plays
特 殊
has
(2) 现在分词
规 则
例 词
一般情况直接在词尾加-ing
working,reading,looking
以不发音的e结尾的动词去e加-ing
smiling,moving,taking,writing
以字母y结尾的直接加-ing
carrying,studying
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾字母加-ing
sitting,digging,cutting,planning,shopping,
stopping,swimming
以字母ie结尾的动词,将ie改为y加ing
die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying
(3) 动词的过去式(规则变化)
规 则
例 词
一般在词尾加-ed
worked, asked,jumped
以e结尾的动词直接加—d
closed,liked,agreed
以辅音字母加y的动词,变y为i,加-ed
studied,carried,tried
以元音字母加y的动词,直接加ed
played,stayed
不规则动词过去式
以重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写末尾字母加-ed
stopped,shopped,
planned,dropped
(1)
cost
cost 花费
(35)
bring
brought 带来
(2)
cut
cut 切割
(36)
buy
bought 买
(3)
hit
hit 打击
(37)
fight
fought 打架
(4)
hurt
hurt 伤害
(38)
think
thought 认为
(5)
let
let 让
(39)
catch
caught 抓住
(6)
put
put 放
(40)
teach
taught 教
(7)
read
read 读
(41)
lend
lent 借给
(8)
drive
drove 驾驶
(42)
send
sent 送
(9)
ride
rode 骑
(43)
spend
spent 花费
(10)
write
wrote 写
(44)
build
built 建筑
(11)
win
won 赢
(45)
smell
smelt 闻起来
(12)
get
got 得到
(46)
meet
met 遇见
(13)
become
became 变得
(47)
feel
felt 感觉
(14)
come
came 来
(48)
keep
kept 保持
(15)
run
ran 跑
(49)
sleep
slept 睡觉
(16)
begin
began 开始
(50)
sweep
swept 打扫
(17)
drink
drank 喝
(51)
leave
left 离开
(18)
ring
rang 打电话
(52)
stand
stood 站
(19)
sing
sang 唱歌
(53)
take
took 带走
(20)
swim
swam 游泳
(54)
forget
forgot 忘记
(21)
give
gave 给
(55)
sell
sold 卖
(22)
sit
sat 坐
(56)
tell
told 告诉
(23)
grow
grew 生长
(57)
have
had 有
(24)
know
knew 知道
(58)
hear
heard 听说
(25)
throw
threw 扔
(59)
make
made 制作
(26)
draw
drew 画画
(60)
find
found 发现
(27)
fall
fell 落下
(61)
pay
paid 支付
(28)
blow
blew 吹
(62)
say
said 说
(29)
do
did 做
(63)
eat
ate 吃
(30)
fly
flew 飞
(64)
see
saw 看到
(31)
wear
wore 穿
(65)
lose
lost 失去
(32)
go
went 去
(66)
lie
lay 躺
(33)
speak
spoke 说
(67)
are
were 是
(34)
break
broke 打断
(68)
am,is
was 是
三,动词的时态
当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式,也就是说时态体现在谓语动词的不同形式变化上。下表简单说明了各个时态谓语动词的不同结构变化:(注:表中do代表动词)
时态
时态定义
谓语动词变化
时态标志词
现
在
进
行
时
① 表示说话的此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情。
She is singing in the gym.
② 表示即将到来或很快发生的事,常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义,这样给人一种期待感。
The train is leaving.
be动词 + 现在分词
(be+动词ing)
1.Now,Look,…….Listen,…….
2.—Where is sb?
---Sb. is/are doing.
3.---Be quiet! Sb. is/are doing.
4.---What are you doing?
一
般
现
在
时
① 表示当前或现阶段事物的状态、特征。
She is a good student.
② 表示经常性、习惯性、规律性的动作。
She often goes to school at 9:30.
③ 表示客观真理、客观存在、客观事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
主语三人称单数
主语+动词三单形式
She goes …
She doesn’t go
Does she go
1. often、sometimes、usually、always、never
2. every day(months、years……)
3. once a week(month,year......)
4. twice a week(month,year....)
5. on Mondays(Tuesdays.....)
主语非三单
主语 + 动词原形
I go …
I don’t go
Do you go.....?
一
般
过
去
时
① 表示过去某一时间发生的动作、事件。
动词过去式:动词+ed (talked)
1.this morning、
2.yesterday,....ago、
3.last year/month/week
4.just now
不规则的动词过去式 (went)
一
般
将
来
时
① 表示打算、计划或意图要做的动作或事件。
be going to+动词原形
1.tomorrow、
2.next week/month/week
3.in+时间段
will+动词原形
一般现在时练习
一.写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ______
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20.-What day _______(be) it today?
- It’s Saturday.
三.按照要求改写句子。
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
四.改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________
五、将下列动词改成其第三人称单数形式。
1.have 2.carry
3.walk 4.wash
5.study 6.sit
7.look 8.live
9.miss 10.go
11.do 12.fly
13.watch 14.make
15.catch 16.stop
17.take 18.pull
19.push 20.jump
六、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1.I Xiao Ming.I nine years old.
2.Dick a singer.
3.Excuse me, you a teacher?
4.Tom and Lucy good friends.They in the same class.
5.What day it today?
6.It not a penguin(企鹅).
7.There boxes too heavy for me.
8.There a tree on the hill.
9.There many birds in the sky.
10.My name Martin.I from Australia.
七、用括号内动词的一般现在时形式填空。
1.He (get) up at six o’clock.
2.He (study)hard.
3.Danny sometimes (go) to school by bike.
4.The earth (go) around the sun.
5.It seldom (rain) here in summer.
6.My shirt (be)dirty.And it (need) washing.
7.A bird (fly) with wings.
8.Mike always (help) the old man.
9.We (start) school today.
10.Dad doesn’t (like) butter and cheese.
11.Miss Liu (teach) us English.
12.His father (do) housework, his mother (work) in an office.
13.The sun (rise) in the east.
14.Mary usually (get up) early in the morning.
15.— the rabbit (jump) high?
—Yes,it .
八、单项选择。
( )1. his uncle any books?
A.DO; have B.Doe; has
C.Does; has D.Does; have
( )2.My mother every morning.
A.ran B.run
C.runs D.runs
( )3.Lily well in English.
A.don’t do B.doesn’t do
C.isn’t do D.do
( )4.— it often rain in spring?
—Yes.it .
A.Does; does B.Did; did
C.Does; do C.Do; do
( )5.He usually to the park on Sundays.
A.go B.goes
C.went D.going
( )6.—Where your friend live?
—She in Beijing.
A.do; live B.does; lives
C.is; live D.does; live
( )7.— their mother watch TV at nine?
—No, she .
A.Do; don’t B.Does; don’t
C.Does; doesn’t D.Do; do
( )8.— he have any brothers sisters?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A.Do; or B.Do; or
C.Does; and D.Does;or
( )9.The Greens a big party on Saturdays.
A.have B.had
C.will have D.has
( )10.They usually TV in the evening.
A.watches B.watch
C.are watching D.watched
( )11.I ill. I’m staying in bed.
A.was B.were
C.am D.is
( )12.Do you maths lesson every day?
A.have B.to have
C.having D.has
( )13.Mr Zhang Chinese this term.
A.teaches our B.teaches us
C.teachs us D.teach our
( )14.The earth around the sun.
A.moving B.moves
C.moved D.moveing
( )15.I a dress every day.
A.wears B.weared
C.wear D.wearing
现在进行时练习
一、写出下列动词的现在分词。
1.take 2.carry
3.ask 4.begin
5.brush 6.buy
7.jog 8.swim
9.catch 10.clean
11.stop e
13.dance 14.sing
15.drink 16.plant
17.grow 18.eat
19.get 20.glow
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.Mary (cook) nice food for her family now.
2.Look! It (snow) now.
3.We (write) a book this month.
4.It (get) dark. Let’s go home.
5.My father (play) chess with my uncle now.
6.Mary (come) soon.
7.Listen! The mouse (eat) candies.
8. .—Excuse me, why are you (cry)?
. —I lost my book.
9.I’m sorry! You can’t come in.Dad (sleep).
10.It (rain)outside.Please close the window!
11.Lis
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