新概念英语第二册笔记-第79课.doc

Lesson 79 By Air?【Text】I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. A flight attendant would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to traveling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, a flight attendant told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.【课文翻译】我在幼年的时候，曾多次乘飞机旅行。我的父母曾经住在南美洲， 所以假期里我常从欧洲乘飞机到他们那里。我总是由一位空中乘务员照管，从未遇到过不愉快的经历。我习惯了乘飞机旅行，只是有一次把我吓坏了。起飞之后，我 们在城市上空低低地飞行，然后慢慢爬高。这时飞机突然调转头来，飞回了机场。在我们等待降落时，一位空中乘务员告诉我们要保持镇静，待飞机一着陆，就马上 不声不响地离开飞机。飞机上的人都很着急，大家都急于想知道究竟出了什么事。后来我们才得知，飞机上坐了一位非常重要的人物。有人报告警察，说飞机上安放 了一枚炸弹。我们降落之后，飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。幸运的是，什么也没有找到。5个小时后，我们又起飞了。New words and expressions 生词和短语parent n. 父（母）亲flight attendant 空中乘务员frightened adj. 害怕，担惊curious adj. 急于了解，好奇的bomb n. 炸弹plant v. 安放【生词讲解】1. parent 1) n 父母(pl.)eg: John and Mary have become parents. John和Mary已经为人父母了。词汇拓展：relation n 家人to invite all your relations to dinner 邀请你全家人来吃饭relative n (正式)家人，亲戚(更常用)eg My uncle is my nearest relative. 我的叔叔是我最亲的亲人。2） n (定) 能繁殖的任何生物the parent tree 母树parent company 母公司parentage n 出身，身世a child of unknown parentage 身世不明的小孩parenthood 父母的身份或情况 2. flight attendant 空中乘务员air-hostess 空姐 flight 1） 班机，航班eg： Flight number 447 for Geneva is ready to leave. 飞往日内瓦的447航班准备出发。2） 航程，飞行距离a straight flight towards home 直航回家3） 航空旅程eg： Did you have a good flight ? 你搭乘飞机一路愉快吗？attendantn(公共场所照顾游客的) 服务员a flight attendant空中乘务员a museum attendant博物馆接待员shop assistant售货员 3. frightened adj 受惊的，吃惊的eg： The frightened horse ran away from the fire. 受惊的马从大火中逃跑了。eg： He was frightened at the thought of his coming examination. 一想到即将到来的考试他就害怕。eg： She was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building. 她害怕从高楼顶上向下看。eg： The little girl was frightened that her mother wouldnt come back . 小女孩害怕妈妈不回来了。区别afraid adj 害怕的be afraid of 害怕某物be afraid of dogs 害怕狗be afraid that(从句) 害怕某事be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事frightening adj 令人害怕的，令人吃惊的 （主语是物)a frightening dram 吓人的梦frightful adj 可怕的，惊人的a frightful scene 可怕的景象frighten 1） v 使吃惊，惊吓eg：The little girl was frightened by the big dog. 这个小女孩被大狗吓到了。2） v 吓走eg： He frightened off his attacker by calling for the police. 他叫警察吓走了袭击者。fright n 害怕 get a fright 吓一跳4. curious 1） 急于了解的，好奇的eg：A good student should always be curious to learn.好学生应该有求知欲。eg：He was so curious to know what was in the letter that he opened it, even though it was addressed to his father.他是如此的好奇想知道信里的内容以至于他打开了信，尽管信是写给父亲的。2） 好管闲事的eg： My neighbors are very curious. 我的邻居们非常爱管闲事。curiosity n 好奇，好奇心out of curiosity 出于好奇eg： The boy burned with a curiosity to know what was in the letter addressed to his mother.这个孩子极想知道写给妈妈的信里的内容。5. bomb 1） n 炸弹 形近词：comb 梳子plant a bomb in the post office 在邮局安放一枚炸弹2） 原子弹eg： Has that county got the bomb? 那个国家有原子弹吗？习语： go like a bomb （指交通工具）行进快速，疾驶eg： My new car goes like bomb. 我的新车行进非常快。spend a bomb/ cost a bomb 花了许多钱bomber n 轰炸机fighter n 战斗机6. plant 1） v 安放eg：He planted himself in a chair by the fire. 他稳坐在炉火边的椅子上。 plant oneself (安放自己=稳坐）eg: He planted a knife in her back. 他在他的背上插了一刀。2) v 种植eg: April is the time to plant. 四月是种植的时间。3) v 播种，培植eg: The hillside was planted with trees. 山坡上被种满了树。4) n 植物eg: All plants need water and light. 所有的植物都需要水和阳光。5) n 工厂eg: Theyve just built a new chemical plant. 他们刚刚兴建一所化学厂。【课文讲解】1. I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. used to do我们用used to do 表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯，以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now.，but not.any more/any longer 等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。eg: -Do you watch television? - I used to, but I don t any longer. - 你看电视吗？ - 我过去常看，但现在不看了。eg: I used to smoke, but I dont any more/any longer.我过去常吸烟，但现在已不吸了。eg: He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他过去是个懒孩子，但现在他很勤奋。在针对used to提问时，一般也用dideg: -I used to be a good swimmer.- Did you really? I didnt even know you could swim.- Did you use to smoke?- Yes, I did / used to.- 我过去是个游泳好手。- 真的吗？我以前甚至不知道你会游泳。- 你从前吸烟吗？- 是的，我吸。 区别： would 是另一个用于描述过去经常性行为的词，它与used to有时可以互换，有时则不可以，而且would 需要指出具体时间，used to 则不需要。1） 当used to 暗示与现在的对照时，不可用would 替换：eg：I used to drink heavily, but I have given up drinking now. 我过去喝酒很厉害，但我已戒了。eg；I never used to eat a large breakfast, but I do now. 我过去早饭吃得不多，可现在我吃得很多。2）当used to 描写过去的状态时，也不可与would 互换，would 只表示过去特有的习惯或行为：eg：I used to be a waiter, but now Im a taxi-driver. 我过去是个侍者，但现在我是出租汽车司机。eg: They used to own a car. 他们过去有辆车。3） 当used to 不强调与现在的对比时，可与would 互换。但一个故事开头时不用would，必须首先用一般过去时或used to 描述背景，然后用would 表示习惯性动作：eg: When I was a boy we always spent/ used to spend our holidays on a farm. We would get up at 5 and we would help milk the cows. 我小时候经常在农场度假。我们总是5 点起床，帮助挤牛奶。 What sort of things did she like doing as a girl?她小时候喜欢做些什么事？ She used to would climb trees whenever she could. 她一有机会就爬树区别：be used to 表示“习惯于”，后面跟名词或动名词，be 也可用 get等代替：eg: Im used to shopping alone. 我习惯于一个人购物。eg: Im used to getting up early. 我习惯于早起。eg: I soon got used to getting up early when I started working as a baker. 我开始当面包师不久就习惯早起了。 表示“许多”的英语短语：(1)修饰可数名词复数形式的有 many, a good/great many, quite a few, a large (或great)/small number of等，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。(2)修饰不可数名词的有much, a great deal of, quite a little, an amount of等。其后的谓语动词用单数形(3) 既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词的有 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of等，谓语动词根据主语是可数或不可数决定单复数形式。a number of +可数名词，谓语用复数，意为许多，大量的the number of +可数名词，谓语用单数，意为的数目2. A flight attendant would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. take charge of 负责照料（某人、某物）eg: Can you take charge of this class please, Miss Jones? Jones 小姐，你能负责照料这个班吗？in someones charge/ under someones charge 受管理，由（某人）负责eg: This hospital is in her charge until the director comes back. 在主管回来之前这家医院由她负责。in charge of 负责eg: Ill be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away. 下周厂长不在的时候整个厂由我负责。bring a charge against 控告（某人）eg: The police brought a charge of murder against me. 警方控告我谋杀。unpleasant adj 不愉快的，讨厌的 unpleasant smells 恶心的气味 unpleasant weather 讨厌的天气a few unpleasant words 一些难听的话an unpleasant experience 一次不愉快的经历unpleasantness n 不愉快eg: Dont let the recent unpleasantness end our friendship. 不要让眼下这些不愉快终止我们的友谊。un+ adj 构成相反含义的adjunpractised adj 笨手笨脚的unprincipled adj 无原则的，无廉耻的unprofessional adj 非本行的，非专业的unmannerly adj 粗鲁的unmarried adj 未婚的unknown adj 不知道的；不知名的unfortunate adj 不幸的unforgettable adj 难以忘怀的3. I am used to traveling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. be used to+n/ving/代词 习惯于（to为介词）eg: I am not used to drinking. 我不习惯喝酒。a man used to country life 习惯于乡村生活的一个男子only on one occasion 仅仅有一次only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened 只是有一次吧我吓坏了。 注意语序，按理说，现在完成时是 I have ever felt frightened,本句话中only 引导一个状语提前放在句首了， 后面要求使用倒装结构，把have提前。倒装语序的问题 only(seldom,hardly)+状语 放在句首时，用倒装句。eg: Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there. 只有用这种方式你才有希望改善那儿的状况。 Only in this way在句中做状语， 当only引导的状语放在句首时，后面使用倒装结构。You can hope, 我们把can提前，hope放在后面，称作“部分倒装”eg: Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his views. 他刚一讲完就有人站起来驳斥他的观点。（hardlywhen, 刚一就, hardly是否定词，几乎不的含义） 一旦hardly提前时，后面使用倒装语序。eg: Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her. 她刚一睡着，就被敲门声吵醒了。（scarcelywhen, 相当于hardlywhen,刚一就) scarcely放句首时，后面使用倒装语序。eg: Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 直到最近我才清楚导弹是什么样的。（not until 直到才）， not放句首时，后面使用倒装语序。 以never, little, often,等词引导的句子，也常用倒装语序。eg: Never before has our country been as united as it is today. 今天我们的国家空前团结。eg: Many a time has he given us good advice. 他有很多次给我们好的建议。eg: Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources.我们一点也没有想到这个地区的矿产资源如此丰富。eg: Often did we warm them not to do so. 我们经常警告他们不要这样做。4. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. take off 起飞fly low over 在上方低低地飞行fly back to 飞回fly 1) v 飞，飞行eg: How did you get here? I flew. “你怎么到这来来的”？ “我坐飞机来的”。(I came by airport)eg : A bee flew in through the open window. 一只蜜蜂从开着的窗子飞了进来。2) v 开飞机eg: He was the first man ever to fly that type of aircraft. 他是第一个驾驶那种飞机的人。3) v 搭乘飞机eg: I always fly British Airways. 我经常搭乘英航的飞机。习语eg: I must fly. 我必须快点了。（口）急忙离去 fly into a temper 勃然大怒eg: The bird has flown. 犯人逃跑了。make the dust fly/ make the fur fly/make the sparks fly 引起争吵slowly/ gradually adj 缓慢的，慢慢的，逐渐的gain v 获得，增加gain hight 爬高gain speed 加速gain experience 获得经验when/ at that time 那时turn around 调头（turn round）turn away 拒伸援手turn back 1) 往回走2) 把（某页的角）折起来eg: Turn the page back and it will mark your place. 把某页折个角，做个记号。turn down 1) 减弱，降低eg: Turn that redio down at once. 立刻把收音机关小点。2) 拒绝eg: She turned him down. 她拒绝了他。turn in 1) 归还eg: You must turn in your uniform when you leave tha army. 当你离开部队时你必须归还制服。2) 上交，缴（美）eg: This is a poor piece of work youve turned in. 你交的作品很糟糕。5. While we were waiting to land, a flight attendant told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down.land v 着陆eg: This plane can land anywhere. 这架飞机可以再任何地方着陆。keep calm 保持镇定keep+ adj 保持如何之意keep warm 保持温暖keep silent 保持沉默tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事tell us to keep calm 告诉我们保持镇定tell us to get off the plane quietly 告诉我们安静的下飞机touch down 飞机着陆，相当于 land6. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. 固定短语on board 表示“搭乘（船、飞机、火车、汽车等）”、“在（船、飞机、火车、汽车等）上”：eg: Tom has never been on board a plane before. 汤姆以前从没有乘过飞机。eg: Have the passengers gone on board yet? 旅客已经上船了吗？eg: Please board the plane immediately.请立刻上飞机。be above board（商业交易）光明正大的eg: The deal was completely above board.这笔交易是完全光明正大的an above-board deal 光明正大的交易board at./with sb 寄膳eg: He boarded at my house/with me until he found an apartment.他找到住房之前，在我家寄膳go by the board计划等告吹，放弃eg: Im afraid the new car will have to go by the board. We cant afford it.我看买新车的事情要告吹了，我们买不起。be curious to do 1)好奇做某事eg: I am curious to know what she said我真好奇的想知道她说了什么。2)爱管闲事的eg: Shes always so curious about my work.她总爱打听我的工作3)奇特的，不寻常的eg: Its curious that he didnt tell you.他没有告诉你实在反常。curiosity n . 好奇心7. Later we learnt that there was very important person on board. learn v 得知（相当于know)Learn (of/about)sth获悉，得知eg: I never learned his name.我从未听说过他的名字Learn that its no use blaming others。认识到责备别人是没有用learn ones lesson吸取教训eg: Ill never do that again. Ive learnt my lesson.我再也不做那种事了，我已有了教训very important person 一个非常重要的人（VIP) VIP card 贵宾卡8. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly.plant v 安放，放置thorough adv 彻底地，完全地（相当于completely）9. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again. be able to 过去某事做成了某事take off 1）起飞2）脱下 (反义词) put oneg： He took off his coat. 他脱下外套。3）模仿（以诙谐或嘲讽的方式模仿或假扮某人）eg： He is always taking his teacher off. 他总是模仿他的老师。take after 相似，像 （相当于 resemble)eg： Young Tom takes after his father. 小Tom长得像爸爸。在长相或性格方面像父亲或者母亲take up 1）填满，占据(空间或时间),相当于occupyeg：The wardrobe takes up a lot of space. 那个衣柜很占地方。eg: The wardrobe occupies a lot of space.2) 开始从事某事eg: He has taken up French. = He has begun to learn French. 他开始学法语了。take to 逐渐习惯于做某事（to是介词，后面加名词、代词，动名词做介词宾语）eg: When his wife died, he took to drinking. 他妻子死后，他染上酗酒的习惯。take in 欺骗，蒙骗或愚弄某人eg: He was so persuasive that I was taken in. 他是如此的能说以至于我被欺骗了。eg: He was so persuasive that I was deceived. 他是如此的能说以至于我被欺骗了。take down 写下，记下 (相当于write down)eg: The reporter took down everything I said. 这个记者记下我所说的一切。take over 接收，接管(相当于 be in charge of)eg: The business was doing very badly until Jones took over. 公司经营很差直到Jones接管之前。6. take off7. turn back8. keep calm9. touch down10. be curious to do sth11. on board【关键词组摘录】1. used to do sth 2. a great deal3. take charge of 4. unpleasant experience5. on one occasion【Key Structures 过去时/过去进行时】 used to do/was(were)+doing一般过去时：描述某事过去发生的动作或处于的状态，其中特殊结构：used to do/was(were)+doing， 表示过去常常做某事，跟现在形成对比的， 即以前这样做，现在已经不这样了过去进行时： 构成： was/were doing, 表示过去某事正在做某事Exercise 1. 用正确时态填空1. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height.起飞之后，我们在城市的上空低掠的飞行然后慢慢的爬高。2. While we were waiting to land, a flight attendant told us to keep calm.在我们等待降落的时候，一位空中乘务员告诉我们要保持镇定。3. I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. 当我年幼的时候我经常做飞机旅行。Exercise 2. 解释一下两个句在词义上的不同点：1. I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. (一般过去时，used to do,过去常常做某事）， 在假期里，我常常从欧洲做飞机去那里。2. I am used to traveling by air.(be used to 习惯于，to后面+名词、代词、动名词做介词to的宾语）， 我习惯于坐飞机旅行了。Exercise 用正确的词填空1. Who will take over when the present director leaves?