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Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
turn n. 行为，举止
deserve v. 应得到，值得
lawyer n. 律师
bank n. 银行
salary n. 工资
immediately adv. 立刻
★turn n. 行为, 举止
turn n.（帮助或损害他人的）举动、行为
Yesterday George did me a good/an ill turn. 乔治昨天做了一件对我有利/不利的事。
He is always ready to do a turn for others. 他总是乐于为他人做好事。
behavior n. 行为, 举止
Pay attention to your behavior.
★deserve v. 应得到, 值得
① deserve + n. 应该得到……，值得……，应得（奖赏、惩罚等）
He deserves praise. 他应该得到表扬。
You deserve the best. 你应该得到最好的。
He deserved a promotion. （promotion n. 提升）
② deserve sth./to do sth. 应该……
She deserved to be punished.
Good work deserves good pay. 多劳多得
His words deserve attention. 他的话值得注意。
★lawyer n. 律师
lawyer's office 律师事务所
★bank n. 银行
rob the bank 抢银行
★salary n. 工资
pay n. 工资(salary wage，通用)
salary n. 薪金，薪水(月薪, 年薪，通常指职员、脑力劳动者（如律师、教师、医生等）有固定工作或管理阶层的收入，数额比较固定，一般按月支付。
My salary is paid on the 28th of the month.
wage n. 工资，工钱(按小时, 周计算的，通常指技工或一般体力劳动者，不稳定的工作人的收入，按周或天支付。一般用复数形式wages)。
When I worked as a waiter, the wages were low, but the tips were good.
我当侍者时工资不高，但小费可观。
bonus n. 奖金, 分红
collect v. 搜集, 领取 collect salary/wage 领工资
★immediately adv. 立刻
right away =at once =immediately 立刻, 马上
right now 现在
【课文讲解】
1、one good turn deserves another 礼尚往来, 善有善报
one bad turn deserves another 恶有恶报
2、Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank.
work for… 强调工作
work in/at… 强调in/at后面的地点
(some/several) years ago 名词-s,前面省略了some
3、He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.
The teachers in the New Oriental school can get a good salary.
borrow sth. from sb. 从……借……
never=not 前面不需要加助动词
pay在这里的意思是“偿还（债务等）”，还可解释为“付，支付（价款、账单）等”。Pay既是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。
How much did you pay for that dress?
I paid the bill.
pay back 还钱
never pays it back 从不归还
4、Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table.
and连接三个并列的动词
at the same table 坐在同一张桌子旁边
at table 吃饭
at the table 坐在桌子旁边
Would you like to join us?
5、'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'
pay for 为……而付钱
I have paid for you a dinner.
I have paid 20 dollars for the book.
ask (sb.) for sth. 问……要……
It's my treat. 我请客
This time is your treat. Next time is my turn.
Let's go dutch. AA制
【Key structures】
复习动词时态：
The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan. A few years after he ______ (become) ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, ______ (die). The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in her honour. Experts ______ (call) in from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls. The Taj Mahal which ______ (begin) in 1632 and ______ (complete) in 1654 ______ (cost) a fortune. Up to the present day, it ______ (visit) by millions of people.
The Taj Mahal 泰姬陵
in one's honour 为了纪念某人
up to the present day=up to now
【Key】
was built；became；died；was built；were called (call in:召集)；was begun；was completed；cost；has been visited
【Special Difficulties】
动词+名词/代词+带to的不定式
某些动词之后的带to的不定式之前可以有一个名词或代词。有些动词后的名词/代词可有可无，但有和没有经常影响影响整个句子的意义。
I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.
I want to speak to John.
I want you to speak to John.
Would you like to do sth.?
I’d like sb. to do sth.
I’d like to do sth.
还有一些动词后面用不定式作宾语时，其后通常必须有一名词或代词。这类动词有allow，advise，help，teach，tell，request等，这类动词不但可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态：
We were not allowed to see the picture.
hope一定不能说hope sb. to do sth.，正确用法是hope to do (希望自己)或hope that(希望别人)
【Multiple choice questions】
Tony is working at a bank ________.
a. at the moment b. a year ago c. since last year d. for a year
at the moment用现在进行时
since（+点时间） 自从……，用现在完成时
since yesterday
for(+段时间) 一段……，用现在完成时
for three hours；for a day；for three days
since three days ago 用一般过去时
He gets a good salary. His salary is very ________.
a. good b. well c. fine d. beautiful
good salary 不错的薪水
well表示好的时候一般用作副词
fine用来形容天气好, 质量好
Tony must pay the money back. He must ________.
a. pay it again b. pay it c. repay it d. pay it once more
pay back 还钱；pay something 付钱；pay again 再次付钱；pay it 付钱
once more=again
repay it =pay back
There aren't enough chairs here for us all. Please bring ________ one.
a. other b. another c. extra d. a different
one在这里是代词，指代上文的名词，指代单数可数名词，可数名词单数，表示“再一，又一”，用another
Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
luck n. 运气，幸运
captain n. 船长
sail v. 航行
harbour n. 港口
proud adj. 自豪
important adj. 重要的
★luck n. 运气, 幸运
good luck =break your leg 祝你好运
bless you 保重（比如在别人打喷嚏时说的话）
lucky adj. 幸运的
lucky dog 幸运儿
lucky day 幸运日
It’s my lucky day. 今天我真幸运。
luckily adv. 幸运地
unlucky adj. 不幸的
★sail v. 航行
① vi. （船）航行，扬帆行驶
The ship is sailing for New York.
② vi. （人）乘船航行
I want to sail around the world.
③ n. 帆，篷
This boat has white sails.
★harbour n. 港口 port n. 港口
air port 航空港
★proud adj. 自豪，自满
be proud of 以……为自豪，为（某人）感到自豪
Parents are proud of their children.
pride n. 自豪
take pride in 以……为自豪
★important adj. 重要的
importance n. 重大
【课文讲解】
1、We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning.
在表示时间的短语in the morning，in the afternoon等前面可以再加上early，late等副词，以便确切地表示时间
early in the morning 一大早
late in the afternoon 傍晚
2、It has sailed across the Atlantic many times.
across是对某个细长物“横切、横断、横渡”等，尤指河流、马路、海洋等；过桥用over
the Atlantic =the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
once，twice，three times… 表示次数的时候, for 一定不能加
I do something twice.
3、Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time.
set out/set off/begin something 出发，动身
plenty =enough 相对多，充足的，足够的
plenty of 足够多的……
I have plenty of money.
a lot of 指客观上的多
4、We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him.
4、We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him.
see = visit 参观
Can I see it?
say goodbye (to sb.)；say hello to (to sb.)；say sorry to (to sb.)
I said hello to him this morning.
You must say sorry to somebody.
5、He will be away for two months.
瞬间动词不是不能用完成时态, 而是指不能与段时间连用, 一旦要用段时间就要将其变为 “系表结构” 即 “be + 形容词或介词短语构成” 。
He has been away for two hours.
=He left two hours ago.点时间
有的动词可用be+形容词系表结构表状态来代替
arrive= be here/there ；leave= be away ；die = be dead ；
join(也是瞬间动词) = be a soldier/in the army
6、He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.
take part (in) 参加，参与（某项活动）
enter for 报名参加
I have entered for the meeting, but now I don't want to take part in the meeting.
an important race across the Atlantic 横渡大西洋的比赛（介词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后面）
the person at the door
be in the race = take part in the race 参加比赛
at the race 在比赛场地观看比赛
【Key structures】
一般将来时
１、一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
２、将来时的结构
① 基本结构: shall/will + 动词原形
shall常用在第一人称I或we的后面，而will可用于所有人称，缩略为’ll，否定式中，will not可缩略为’ll not或won’t，shall not缩略shan’t（在美语中很少用shall）
② be going to do sth./ be gonna do sth.（美语） 打算做某事;
be going to 与will一般可以互换，但与打算无关含义的句子, will与be going to do 不能互换
I’ll miss you. （不能用be going to）
He'll lose. 他要输了。（不能用be going to）
I'll be sixteen years old next year. （不能用be going to）
③ be + to do sth. 表示计划安排在某事或用来征求意见
I am to have a holiday.
④ be about to do sth. 即将做某事
⑤ will be doing 表示将要做某事
⑥ be doing （瞬间动词） 用现在进行时表示将来时态
用现在进行时表示将来的动词有：go，come，arrive，leave，die，land，join
⑦ be 一般现在时表示将要发生
If it rains, …
【Special Difficulties】
be+副词构成的表语
动词be如与不同的副词连用意义不同，意思主要由副词的意义决定：
be in 在家；be out 出去；be away 离开；be on 上映；be back 回来；be over 结束；be up to sth.胜任某件事情, 能够做某件事
set+副词构成的短语动词
set out 出发，动身
When’ll you set out for London?
set off 出发，启程
I’ll set off for home the day after tomorrow.
set up 创立，建立；（a record）创造……记录
Mr. Jackson has set up a school in the village. Has Tom set up a new world record?
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