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小学生英语知识点一
1.should v. aux.
(1)助动词should是shall的过去式,无词义,用于第一人称的过去将来时态中。
例 Father told me that I should go to England for further study the next year.
父亲告诉我第二年我要去英国深造。
(2)情态动词should 表示“劝告”,“建议”时常译作“应当”,后跟动词原形。
例 You should listen to your parents’ advice. 你们应当听你们父母的建议。
What books should we read ? 我们应当看什么样的书呢?
2.both
both:表示“两个”,“两者”,“双方”。它在句子中可以作代词、形容词、副词和连词。下面请看例句:
(1)作代词
Both have joined the Party. 两个人都已经入党了。
注:这里的both等于both of them.
(2)作副词
They have both joined the Party. 他们俩都已经入党了。
注:both作副词时,常常用在动词或别的副词后面。如:
The windows are not both open. (两扇窗户并不是都开着。)
(3)作形容词
Both(the) brothers have joined the Party. 这俩兄弟都已经入党了。
(4)作连词
Both Xiao Li and Lao Li have joined the Party. 小李和老李都已经入党了。
注:both作连词用时,一般都与and连用,构成“both…and….”,其连接的部分可以是名词、形容词、代词和动词,有时还可能是介词短语。例如:
The five students are both red expert. (连接形容词) 这五个学生是又红又专。
Both he and I know the reason. (连接代词) 他和我知道这其中的原因。
She can both sing and dance. (连接动词) 她能歌善舞。
3. What/How about...? ……怎么样?征求意见或问消息时用。
例 The girls will pick apples. What about the boys?女生要去摘苹果,男同学怎么样?
How about the film, children?孩子们,你们认为这部电影怎么样?
What about going fishing this afternoon?今天下午去钓鱼怎么样?
4.Best wishes for …!对……致以最良好的祝愿!wish作“祝愿”解时,通常以复数形式出现。For后接表示节日、生日、成就等的名词词组。如要表示“向某人”祝贺,则用介词to.如:
Best wishes for Teacher’s Day!
My best wishes to you and yours (= your family). 向你和你全家表示良好的祝愿。
…with one’s best wishes致以某人的良好祝愿(向你致意)。介词with在这里引导一个方式状语,表示在前面所说的动作上另有某事相伴随。又如:
Please accept this little present with our best wishes. 请接受这件小小的礼物,并向你致意。
Mr. Brown sends you this his best wishes. 布朗先生给你送去此物并致以良好的祝愿。
5.Good luck! 好运气!也可说Good luck to you! I wish you good luck. 祝你走运(交好运)。都是表示“祝愿”的常用语。Luck 为不可数名词,其前不能加a。如需回答,根据情况可说:
Thank you.
The same to you.也祝你交好运。
Thank you. The same to you both (all).
6.give (sb.) a talk (给某人)作报告;(对某人)讲话。如:
The doctor gave us a talk on family health. 医生给我们作了场关于家庭健康的报告。
They asked him to give a short talk on the subject. 他们请他就这一课题作了简短的报告。
7.Do please. 此处译为“就讲这个。”do 在这里作助动词,以加强祈使句的语气,常译做“一定、务必、的确、真的”等。多用在一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中,也可用于祈使句(如本句),要重读。有人称do 的这种用法为“强势式”。又如:
Do tell me. 一定告诉我。
Do be careful. 务必小心。(do be 只用于祈使句,不用于陈述句。)
He said he would come, and he did come.他说他会来的,他真的来了。
否定的强势式在用词上跟非强势式没有不同,只是把否定词重读罢了。如:
He does not speak French.(强势式not重读)
8.for example例如;举例说吧。这是个副词性词组,它在句中的位置比较灵活,可在句中、句首、句末,一般用逗号与其他成分隔开。其后可跟句子,也可跟词组和名词。例如:
For example, my full name is Jim Allan Green.(在句首,后跟句子)
Three are jobs more dangerous than truck driving, for example, training lions.(在句中,后跟词组)
A lot of people here, for example, John, would like to have coffee. 这里有许多人,如约翰,就想喝咖啡。(在句中,后跟名词)
I know a woman who has many children—Alison, for example. (在句末)
9.Jim is short for James.吉姆是詹姆斯的简称。
In England, people usually call me Jim for short. 在英国,人们通常简称我吉姆。
在第一句中,short for sth.(sb.) 是某事(某人)的简称或缩略形式。short在句中通常作表语。又如:
The usual word “PUB” is short for “public house” . 通常PUB这个词是public house (酒馆)的缩略形式(简称)。
在第二句中,for short 简称;为了简短(可称为……),介词短语作状语。又如:
Her name is “Frances”, or “Fran” for short. 她的名字叫弗朗西斯,或简称“弗兰”。
The National Broadcasting Company is called NBC for short. 全国广播公司简称为NBC.
10.形容词修饰不定代词要后置。
例 Nothing difficult! 一点也不难!
You ' d better talk about something interesting.你最好谈点有趣的事。
There isn't anything wrong with your radio.你的收音机没毛病。
Everything useful has been taken away.所有有用的东西都被拿走了。
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