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七上单词、词组、句型
Unit 1
1. German adj. 德国的,德国人/Germany n.德国
2. complete v. 完成 adj. 完全的,彻底的
completely adv. 完全地,彻底地,完整地
3. hobby→复数:hobbies
附名词的复数变化规则:
A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况加 s : book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls
2.以 s 、 sh 、 ch 、 x结尾的加 es : class--- classes box----boxes match----matches
3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 i加es: city---cities country----countries party----parties factory----factories
4.以 o 结尾的词 +es的只有以下词 :heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros
以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)
5.以f, fe 结尾的 变f或fe为v +es :
thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelf
The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.
B: 不规则的可数名词的变化规则:
1. man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese child—children, mouse—mice,
2.单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese Swiss.
3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.
man servant—men servants. (boy/girl students)
woman doctor—women doctors.
4. at the age of…在…岁的时候
5. dream of/about… 梦想…
6. 不定代词有:something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone等等
7. elder/older的区别:
这两个词均是old的比较级。在用法上有所区别。
elder表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”,仅用于同一家庭成员的比较;older则不限于此。例如:
My younger son is five and my elder son is nine。我的小儿子5岁,大儿子9岁。
Tom is two years older than I.汤姆比我年长两岁。
elder在句中只用作定语,不作表语;older两者皆可。例如:
My elder sister does her homework all by herself. 我的姐姐独自做作业。
His elder son got married last week. 他的长子是上星期结婚的。
I think his mother is older. 我认为他的母亲年龄大引起。
elder只能用来指人;older既可修饰人,也可修饰物。例如:
My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen.我哥哥年仅15负就参了军。
This dog is older than any other dogs here.这条狗在这里是最老的一条。
I have a sister older than myself.我有位比我大的姐姐。
It is said Mr Chen is over ten years older than Mrs Li.据说陈先生比李女士大10多岁。
8. Japan n. 日本→Japanese n. 日本人
9. flat/apartment 公寓
10. 反身代词:
11. close to = near 接近
12. 介绍名字:I’m __ = My name is __
13. 介绍来自哪里:I’m from __ = I come from __
14. 介绍年龄:I’m __ years old.
15. live with sb.和某人住在一起
16. by+交通工具,如:bus、bike等,by和交通工具间不用加任何介词,表示交通工具的名词用单数形式
17. be good at...擅长于
18. make friends with...与...交朋友/结识某人
19. all over the world = around the world 全世界
20. My favourite __ is /are __ 我最喜欢的...是...
21. be far away from...离...很远
22. hear from sb = get a letter from sb 收到某人的来信
Unit 2
1. daily = everyday adj. 日常的,每天的
2. 表示频率的副词:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never等等
3. table tennis = ping-pong ball
4. ride的过去式是rode
5. 表示科目的名词:Chinese, math, English, history, politics, physics, Geography, chemistry
6. take/have a break = have a rest 休息一下
7. ring的过去式是rang
8. practice doing sth. 练习干某事
9. junior high school 初级中学/senior high school 高中
10. on foot = walk 步行
11. take part in = join in = participate in 参加
附:join 与join in 的区别:
1) 加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体,用join,不可用join in。如:
①He will never forget the day when he joined the Party.
他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。
②His brother joined the army three years ago.
他哥哥是三年前参军的。
2) 说参加某种活动用join in,如说“与其人一起做某事”,则用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如:
①May I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗?
②Come and join us in the discussion. 来和我们一起讨论吧!
③We are having supper now.Would you like to join us?
我们正在吃晚饭,你也来和我们一起吃好吗?
12. have a good/wonderful time = enjoy oneself = have a lot of fun玩得开心
13. like to do 表示一次性的动作/ like doing 表示经常性、习惯性的动作
love to do / doing 的用法同上
14. enjoy doing sth 享受干某事
15. 感叹句的两种表达:
【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊!
What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊!
What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!
【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How well you look! 你气色真好!
How kind you are! 你心肠真好!
How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好听!
16. from…to…可以表示从某个时间点到另一个时间点,也可以表示从某个地点到另一个地点
17. go to bed 睡觉/get up 起床
18. have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner 吃早、中、晚饭
cook breakfast/ lunch/ dinner 煮早、中、晚饭
19. prepare to do sth 准备干某事
20. help sb with sth 帮助某人某事/help sb do sth 帮助某人干某事
21. arrive at/in = reach = get to 到达
22. in the end 在最后/ at the end of…在…末端/尽头
Unit 3
1. 宇宙各种星体的表达:Earth(地球)、sun、star、moon、Mercury(水星)、 Venus(金星)、 Earth(地球)、 Mars(火星)、 Jupiter(木星)、 Saturn(土星)、 Uranus(天王星)、 Neptune(海王星)
2. quiz = test测试、测验
3. protect v. 保护→protection n. 保护
4. report v.报告/n. 报告
5. a part of…. ….中的一部分
6. large = big = enormous = huge 大的
7. provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 向某人提供某物→provide用作“提供”较为客观
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 向某人提供某物→offer 用作“提供”具有较大的主观性,常常指某人自愿提供某物
8. burn的过去式为burned/burnt
9. pollute v.污染→pollution n. 污染
10. must = have to 必须
11. important adj. 重要的→importantly adv. 重要地
12. catch 的过去式为caught
13. few adj. 不多,很少/a few 一些→后加可数名词复数
little 很少/a little 一些→后加不可数名词
14. throw 的过去式为threw
15. There be 结构, 表示某地有某物或某人在干什么,如:
⑴There is a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一支笔。
⑵There are some children playing outsides. 一些小孩在外面玩。
16. a lot of = lots of = many = much,其中,a lot of/ lots of后既可加可数名词复数,又可加不可数名词, many 只能加可数名词复数,而much后加不可数名词
17. stop doing sth 停止做手头上的事
stop to do sth 停止做手头上的事,去做另外一件事
18. It is + adj. + for sb to do sth
如果此处的adj. 是表示人的性格特征的形容词,则要用of sb
19. keep + 形容词,表示保持某种状态
Unit 4
1. Australia n. 澳大利亚→Australian adj.澳大利亚人
2. wet = damp adj. 潮湿的, 反义: dry adj. 干的,干燥的
3. blow的过去式为blew
4. take/ go on a trip = take/ have a journey 去旅行
5. shine 的过去式为shone
6. take a picnic = go on a picnic 去野餐
7. 有关天气的形容词:sunny warm hot cool cold rainy windy cloudy snowy foggy(有雾的)lightning(闪电)thunderstorm(雷暴、雷暴雨)
8. take spend cost pay的用法都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。
spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:
(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
pay的基本用法是:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。
(5)pay money back 还钱。例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。
(6)pay off one's money还清钱。
9. 12个月份的表达:January一月; February二月; March三月; April 四月; May 五月;June 六月;July七月;August 八月;September 九月;October 十月;November 十一月;December十二月
10. in + 季节/月份/年,如:in spring/summer, in January, in 2014, 当出现“日”的时候,需用on, 如:on March, 3rd
11. start to do sth/start doing sth 开始做某事
12. get、turn等可作为系动词,后加形容词,表示一种状态
13. visit relatives 探访亲戚
14. get red packets收红包 pocket money 零花钱
Lucky money压岁钱
Unit 5
1. nervous adj. 紧张的→nervously adj. 紧张地
2. leave的过去式为left leave for 动身去…
3. be able to = can 能够
4. without doubt 毫无疑问
5. weak的比较级为weaker“更虚弱的”,最高级为weakest“最虚弱的”,反义词为strong
附:比较级与最高级变化规则:
1、规则变化:
(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er或est:
如: small ---smaller --- the smallest
(2) 以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,或st:
如: late --- later --- the latest
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est:
如: easy --- easier --- the easiest
(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或est:
如: big --- bigger --- the biggest
以er,ow结尾的双音节词加er 或est
如: slow --- slower --- the slowest
(5) 多音节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前省略the.
如: important --- more important --- the most important
2.不规则变化
good / well --- better --- the best 好
bad / badly / ill --- worse --- the worst 坏
many / much --- more --- the most 多
little --- less --- the least 少
old --- older / elder --- the oldest / the oldest 老, 旧
far --- farther / further --- the farthest / the furthest 远
6. breathe v. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸
7. work n. 工作,为不可数名词;job n. 工作,为可数名词
8. machine n. 机器,为可数名词
9. return home = come back home = go back home
10. more than 多于;less than 少于
11. have to = must 必须
12. as…as…像……一样;not so/as…as和…不一样
13. such as = like = for example例如,其中like的用法和such as 是基本一样的
14. one of… …….中的一个
15. around = about 大约
16. with+名词→带有……
17. take photos = take pictures拍照
18. solve problems 解决问题
19. a large amount of 大量……,后加不可数名词
Unit 6
1. Asia n.亚洲→Asian adj. 亚洲的
附:七大洲的英文表达:亚洲Asia 形容词Asian
欧洲Europe European
大洋州Australia Australian
南极洲Antarctica
非洲Africa African
北美洲North America
南美洲South America
2. traditional adj. 传统的→tradition n. 传统
3. go sightseeing 去观光
4. in the centre of…在…的中心
5. fountain为可数名词
6. across prep. 在….的对面→cross v. 穿过 n. 十字路口
7. light的过去分词为lighted或lit
8. in all directions = in every direction 四面八方
9. natural adj. 自然的→nature n. 自然
10. beauty n.美丽,美人(做“美人”的意思时,为可数名词)→beautiful adv. 美丽的→beautify v. 美化,如美化校园为beautify the campus
11. snack 为可数名词
12. outside prep. 在…的外面→inside prep. 在…的里面
13. dumpling 为可数名词
14. place of interest 名胜古迹
15. 表示方位的词:east东 west西south南 north北northeast东北 northwest西北southeast东南southwest西南;对应的形容词分别为:eastern 东部的 western 西部的 southern 南部的 north 南部的 northeastern 东北部的 northwestern 西北部的 southeastern 东南部的 southwestern 西南部的
16. if 从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,如:if it is rainy, I will not go out tomorrow.
17. public area 公共区域
18. walk along 沿着……走
19. hate doing sth / to do sth讨厌做某事
20. get a bird’s-eye view of…鸟瞰
21. from all over the world 来自全世界
all over the world = around the world全世界
22. on the Internet 在网上
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