初中英语虚拟语气.doc

初中英语虚拟语气 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, well go fishing together. 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。1.含有条件状语从句的复合句wish（wouldrather）+宾语从句suggest（）+宾语从句2.主语从句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(should)+do表语从句S+isthat+s+(should)+do同位语从句S+that+s+(should)+do3.定语从句Itis(high)timethat+S+didI.含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)时间条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+S+didS+would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设If+S+haddoneS+would/should/could/might+havedone与将来事实相反的假设didIf+SshoulddoS+would/should/could/might+doweretodo注意事项：1倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。2错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。3Iftherewerent/hadnotbeen+=without4Ifitwerenotfor/Ifithadntbeenfor=butfor5otherwise+虚拟语气的句子6虚拟语气的句子，but+陈述事实的句子虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。一一般情况下，英语虚拟语气的形式有下列3种： 语境条件从句主句 例子1.与现在事实相反一般过去式：were/didwould/should/could/might + do(动词原形)If John had the time, he would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.2.与将来事实相反(1). should+动词原形(2).一般过去式：were/did(3)、were to+动词原形would/should/could/might + do（动词原形）If you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.3.与过去事实相反过去完成时：had+过去分词would/should/could/might+ have doneIf I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David二.、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1.虚拟语气的倒装： 将if去掉，谓语动词提前。如：If I were you, I would give up drinking. =Were I you, I would give up drinking.If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David. = Had I arrived earlier, I would have seen David.2. 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.（if从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟。）If I were you, I would have gone home.（if从句是对现在的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟。）三虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等表示“要求”“建议”的动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+动词原形ask, move, propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.注意：* insist有两个意思，当表示“坚持让某人做某事”（含命令口吻）时，that从句用虚拟，如：He insists that we (should) go home now.当表示“坚持某种说法”时，that从句用陈述语气。He insists that he is right.*suggest也有两个意思，当表示“建议”时，that从句用虚拟语气，如：I suggest that we should go home now.当表示“暗示”时，that从句用陈述语气。如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. 所有证据偶读暗示是他偷了钱。2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： imperative, advisable, 动词完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, +that(should) +essential, strange,等 动词原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法主句谓语动词that 从句谓语动词例子现在的愿望：wish/wishes一般过去式:did或wereI wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。过去的愿望：wished过去完成式:had doneI wished I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)对将来的愿望：wish/wisheswould/could +动词原形I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如： He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.5、Its (high) time that+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action.虚拟语气练习题( )1.Ifyouwereoldenough,I_youtogothereyesterday. A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed( )2.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey_themeninatonce. A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring( )3._Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty. A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were( )4.Itisstrangethatsuchathing_inyourclass. A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happened( )5.HowIwishI_torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse. A.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.havetriedD.didnttry( )6.Ifhe_totheteacherattentively,he_theanswertotheproblemnow. A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknow C.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow( )7.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_yourbirthdayparty. A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended( )8.IfonlyI_howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo. A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew( )9.Thetwostrangerstalksasifthey_friendsforyears. A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen( )10.Itishightimewe_upourresults. A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum( )11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed. A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes( )12.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we_intheexperiment. A.shouldntsucceedB.couldnothavesucceeded C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded( )13.Itsabouttimepeople_noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar. A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake( )14.Shecouldnthaveansweredthequestionifshe_afewbooksonworldhistory. A.hadntreadB.hasntreadC.wouldntreadD.didntread( )15.Isntitabouttimethatyou_topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork? A.hadgoneB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo( )16.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_freeimmediately.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset( )17.Youradvicethat_tillnextweekisreasonable. A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited( )18.Itwasessentialthatwe_lease（条约、合同）beforetheendofthemonth. A.signB.signedC.hadsignedD.weresigning( )19.IwishthatI_withyoulastnight. A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone( )20.HespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifhe_aChinese. A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen( )21.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages. A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen( )22.ItisimportantthattheTOEFL_officeyourregistration. A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm( )23.IfIhadseenthemovie,I_youallaboutitnow. A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold( )24.IhadhopedthatJohn_ayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths. A.spendsB.spentC.wouldspendD.willspend( )25.Idratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing. A.doB.didntdoC.dontD.didnt( )26.Everybodyhasarrived.Itstimewetheclass. A.shallstartB.wouldstartC.hadstartedD.shouldstart( )27.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor( )28.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken( )29.Shecouldnthaveansweredthequestionifshe_afewbooksonworldhistory. A.hadntreadB.hasntreadC.wouldntreadD.didntread( )30.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun_roundtheearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becirclingII.Translation我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。 3.-如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？-会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。 4如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这 5.没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。 I.1-5CDDCB6-10ADDDB11-15CBBAA16-20BBADA21-25DBACB26-30BBCAA31-35DBDCB36-40DCCCA41-45CDBCCII.1Ididntknowhistelephonenumber,otherwiseIwouldhavetelephonedhim.2Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.3-Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?-Yes,butIwerebusydoingmyhomework.4Ifyouhadntseenthatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldntbesosleepy.5Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.