小学五年级英语语法详解与练习).doc

情态动词一、 can, (could 过去式）1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能） Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式； 2) 表示请求和允许。 -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be true? 二should,1) should,表示 应该 劝告、建议和命令。 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 1. You should go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推测 Should（客观推测） , must (主观推测)。 1. He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) 2. He should be home by now.(不太肯定) (一) 用适当的情态动词填空。1. Must I stand up? No, you _.2. _ I speak something? Yes, you _.3. _ I leave the park now? No, you _ stay here.4.My grandmother is ill. I _ stay at home and look after her.5._ you like some juice?6. They _ take more exercise.7. _ you tell me the way to the museum?8. The watch _ tell us the right time.9. _ you like to go boating with us?10. _ we play chess next weekend?(二) 按要求改写句子。1.She can walk quickly. I _ _quickly . (否定句)2.You have to finish the work now.（一般疑问句） _ I the work now? No, you _.3. They can paint the wall well. （一般疑问句） _ they _ the wall well?4. Tom must carry the box into the room. （否定句） Tom _ _ carry the box into the room. 5.She should reach the station early.(否定句) She _ _ reach the station early.(三) 单项选择。（）1. you like some bread ? A .Would B.Could C .Can（）2.We throw the waste in the zoo.A.cant B.dont C.mustnt ( ) 3.We should more flowers, and we shouldnt cut any flowers. A.plant B.planting C.plants ( ) 4.May I have some water? A.Yes,you have. B.Yes,you can. C.Yes,certainly. ( ) 5.Shall we work on the farm ? A.Yes,we do. B.Yes, we shall. B.All right. ( ) 6.Would you have something to announce? A.Yes,we would. B.Yes, Id like . C.Yes, of course. ( ) 7.Can I help you? A.Yes,you can. B.No,I can do it. C.Yes.Id like some oranges. 人称代词和物主代词 要点归纳：人称代词 I like you. 我喜欢你。You like me. 你喜欢我。He likes her. 他喜欢她。She likes him. 她喜欢他。We like you. 我们喜欢你们。You like us. 你们喜欢我们。They like us. 他们喜欢我们。We like them. 我们喜欢它们。上面这些简单的句子里，like前面的人称代词都是主格，你可以把like换成别的动词，比如play with（和玩）、look at （看着）等等，读着玩玩儿，你认为哪个动词好玩就换成哪个。形容词性物主代词 有：my我的、your你的、his他的、her她的、its它的、our我们的、your你们的、their他们的。之所以叫它们形容词是因为他们必须放在名词前面。物主则表示它们是物的主人。如： 我们的老师our teacher、我的汽车my car、你的裤子your trousers、他的风筝his kite、她的椅子her chair、它的腿its legs、你们的学校your school、她们的聚会their party。名词性物主代词 有mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 依次表示我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我们的、你们的、他（她、它）们的。注意除了mine每个单词后面都有一个“s”。因为他们本身是名词性，所以后面不能再跟名词，否则就犯了重复的错误。比如我们可以说my book,但不能说mine book；her dress而不是hers dress。This is my book. The book is mine. 这是我的书。这书是我的。That is your desk. Thats yours. 那是你的课桌。那是你的。This is his cup. Its his. 这是他的杯子。是他的。That is her skirt. The skirt is hers. 那是她的短裙。那短裙是她的。Thats its banana. The banana is its. 那是它的香蕉。那香蕉是它的。This is our classroom. Its ours. 这是我们的教室。是我们的。This is their basketball. Its theirs. 这是他们的篮球。是他们的。 - 主 格 宾 格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 -一单 I我 me我 my我的 mine我的 -一复 we我们 us 我们 our我们的 ours我们的 -二单 you你 you 你 your你的 yours你的 -二复 you你们 you你们 your你们的 yours你们的 -三单 he他 him他 his他的 his他的 - she她 her她 her她的 hers她的 - it它 it它 its它的 its它的 -三复 they 他们 them 他们 their他们的 theirs他们的 -一主格 ( I you he she it we you they )1. 在句子中可以作主语，放于句首，后接动词。 (1) _ am a student. (2) _ comes from China , but _ comes from American. (3) _ is my aunt. 二宾格 ( me you him her it us you them ) 1. 在句子中可以作宾语，用于句尾，动词之后。 (1) The boy in the photo is _. (2) Let _ to play football. (3) We often go to visit _.2. 在句子中可以作宾语，用于句尾，介词之后。 (1) The pen of _ is the same with _. (2) Come with _. (3) The teacher wants you to return that book of _.3. 人称代词作表语时,一般用宾格,特别是在日常会话中。 “Who is knocking at the door? ” “Its _. ” -“谁在敲门?” -“是我。”三形容词性物主代词 ( my your his her it our your their ) 1. 形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前，用作定语，限定该名词的意义。(1) _ book is over there. (2) I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday. (3) Tell Tom not to forget _ book.四名词性物主代词 ( mine yours his hers its ours yourrs theirs) 1. 名词性物主代词在句中独立使用，即不后接名词，其句法作用相当于一个名词,即“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 (1) My bag is bigger than _. =My bag is bigger than _ _. (2) _ is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。（用作主语，一般用于正式文体） (3) I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use _? 我忘了带词典，我可以用一下你的吗？（用作动词的宾语） (4) He wasnt in my room. He might be in _. 他（刚才）不在我的房间。他可能在自己的房间。（用作介词的宾语） (5) Whose book is this? Its _. 这是谁的书？是她的。（用作表语） (6) Jack is a friend of _. 杰克是我的一个朋友。（用于双重所有格） 2.名词性物主代词用作主语时，谓语动词的数应随所指者的数而定。 (1)Is this pencil _ or _? Its _. Hers is in her bag. (Hers = Her pencil) -这支铅笔是你的还是她的？是我的。她的铅笔在她包里。 3用于of后面。 He visited a friend of _ yesterday.综合练习：一、用适当的人称代词填空1. 2. China is a developing country. _ lies in the east of Asia.2. Professor Wang sets _ a good example. We must learn from _.3. 4. What day is _ today? _ is Thursday.4. How far is the thunder ? _ is three kilometers away.5. I own a blue bike. The red one doesnt belong to _.6. These new houses are so nice. _ are very expensive.7. _ say that those old houses will be rebuilt.8. Is _ the milkman at the door? Yes, thats _.9. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didnt _?10. Ling Ling is a girl. _ studies in a primary school. Her brother lives with 11. _ and helps _ to prepare the lessons.12. The ship is lying at anchor (停泊) . _ comes from Shanghai.13. This photo of your mother is very much like her. I like _.14. Mike is my classmate. _ is good at physics .15. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _ ?16. Whats the weather like today ? _ is cloudy.二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 1. I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday. Can I have one of _ ?2. George has lost _ pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him _ .3. Jack has a dog and so have I. _ dog and _ had a fight (打架).4. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _ are coming to see us.5. Mary wants to know if（是否） youve seen a pair of gloves of _ .6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _ .三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空A. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like _(she，her，hers).3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_ cant get my kite. Could you help _(I，me，my，mine)?4. Tom cant get down from the tree. Can you help _(he，him，his)?5. Her kite is broken. Can _(you，your，yours) mend it?6. We cant find our bikes. Can you help _(we，us，our，ours)?7. These are _(he，him，his) planes. The white ones are _(I，me，mine).B. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词1. This isnt her knife. _ is green.2. These are your books，Kate. Put _ in the desk，please.3. You must look after _ things.4. Wei Fang，is that _ ruler? Yes，its.5. They want a football. Give _ the green one，please.6. Its Lin Taos bag. Give _ to _.7. Is this pencil-box Li Leis? No，_ is very new.8. This box is too heavy. I cant carry _. Dont worry，Let _ help _.9. _ is a boy _ name is Mike. Mikes friends like _ very much. 10. My sister is in _ room. _ is a teacher.11. Jane is a little girl. _ mother is a nurse.12. We are in _ classroom. _ classroom is big.13. My father and mother are teachers. _ are busy14. You are a pupil. Is _ brother a pupil, too?四、用括号中的适当形式填空A)（1）Are these _（you）pencils?Yes, they are _（our）.（2）Whose is this pencil?Its _（I）.（3）I love _（they）very much.（4）She is_（I）classmate.（5）Miss Li often looks after_（she）brother.（6）Are these _（they）bags ？No, they arent _（their）. They are _（we）.B)1. This bike is my sisters. It belongs to _ (她的)。2. This isnt my book. _(我的) is in the bag. 3. They quarrelled among _（他们）. 4. You and I understand _(彼此) perfectly. 5. If there are _(一些） new magazines in the library, take some for me.五、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空：1. Mary works in a book store._ likes_ work very much.2. John and I are in the same school._ go to school together.3. Everybody likes that sport, do_?4. She is a friend of_. We got to know each other two years ago.5. Her sister makes all_ own dresses.6. I have many friends. Some of_ are good at English.7. May I use_ bike?_ is broken.8. Everybody is here except Ann and _ friend Jane. _ are in the library now.六、选择填空1. Whos singing over there ? _ is Sandys sister.A.That B.It C.She D. This2. _ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii. A. She, you and I B. You, she and I C. I, you and she D. Her, me and you3. Between you and _, he is not a real friend. A. me B. I C. he D. his4. My uncle bought a new bike for _. A. theirs B. they C. me D. I5. Mr Smith often praises _ for his progress in studies. A. he B. him C. I D. me6.- Heres a postcard for you, Jim! Oh, _ is from my friend, Mary. A. he B. itC. she D. its7. Dont shake the young tree. _ leaves are falling off. You should look after _. A. It, its B. Its, it C. Its, it D. It, it8. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to _. A. he B. his C. her D. him9. Will anyone go on a trip with him ? Not _. A. I B. me C. mine D. he10. Among those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by _. A. he B. his C. him D. hes特殊疑问句-对划线部分提问特殊疑问词意思用法 What 什么 对物体、东西、动作、提问 When 什么时候 对大概笼统时间提问 What time 几点 对具体时间点提问 Where 哪里 对地点提问 Who 谁 对人提问 Whose 谁的 对事物主人提问 How 怎样 对情况以及方式提问 How many 多少 对数量提问提问（可数的）How much 多少 对数量或钱提问（不可数的） What color 什么颜色 对颜色提问 What day 星期几 对星期几提问 How old 多大了 对年龄提问Whats the date 什么日期 对日期的提问对划线部分提问的步骤：1.根据划线部分的内容选择合适的特殊疑问词，（划线部分删去。）2.将特殊疑问词放在句首，将原句中有be动词或情态动词提到特殊疑问词后，第一人称改第二人称，大写改小写，句号改疑问号,其他照抄。 She is a doctor. Who is she?3.如果原句中既没有be动词也没有情态动词时，则借助于助动词do或does，（主语为第三人称单数时借助助动词does），大写改小写，句号变问号，第一人称改第二人称。（当主语为第三人称单数时，原句中的动词三单要还原。）注意：当划线部分为一个动作时，则确定用特殊疑问词what，划线部分内容不能直接去删掉，而是用相应的do或doing代替，当划线部分为一般现在时时，用do代替，当划线部分为现在进行时时，则用doing代替。特殊疑问句练习：一、选择正确的单词填空 (who, where, when)1._ is that pretty girl? She is my sister.2._ are Jack and Tom? They are behind you.3._ do you go to school? I go to school from Monday to Friday.4._ has a beautiful flower? John has a beautiful flower.5._ are they? They are my parents.6._ is my mother? She is in the living room.7._ are you going? We are going to the bakery(面包坊).8._ do Jim and Wendy play ball? They play ball in the afternoon.9._ does he jog? He jogs in the park.10._ are you from? Im from Changchun city.二、就画线部分提问1.He is my father.2.They are under the tree.3.I often watch TV after dinner.(晚饭后) (提示：饭后强调的是时间问题。)4.Lily swims in the swimming pool.(游泳池)5.Superman flies in the sky.6.I often brush my teeth in the evening.7.Alan likes to play with Bill.8.Joes father plays badminton(羽毛球) every weekend.9.The supermarket is near the school.10.The laptop(笔记本电脑) is on the table.11.Jennifer has a pair of earrings(耳环).12.The flowers are in the flower pot(花盆).13.My grandpa took us to the zoo.14.I put the gold fish(金鱼) into the fish tank(鱼缸).15.Themonkey sleeps at night.三用what time, what color, what day, what填空。1. A: _ _ is it? B: It is nine oclock.2. A: _ _ does your mother get up? B: My mother gets up at 6:30.3. A: _ _ do you go to bed? B: I go to bed at 10:00.4. A: _ _ do Diana and Fiona have supper? B: Diana and Fiona have supper at 18:00.5. A: _ _is it? B: It is purple.6. A: _ _ is the sky? B: The sky is blue.7. A: _ _ is your coat? B: My coat is black.8. A: _ _ is the dog? B: The dog is white.9. A: _ _ is today? B: Today is Monday.10. A: _ _ is tomorrow? B: Tomorrow is Tuesday.11. A: _ _ was yesterday(昨天)? B: Yesterday was Sunday.12. A: _ _ do you like? B: I like red.13. A: _ is this? This is a computer(电脑).14. A: _ are you doing? B: We are playing basketball