2021年高一英语下学期综合检测卷二-新人教版.doc

2021年高一英语下学期综合检测卷二 新人教版

2021年高一英语下学期综合检测卷二 新人教版

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2021年人教版英语高一下学期综合检测卷二
一、阅读理解(30分)
1．(6分)     Being seen in a fancy sports car or enjoying a beach holiday in a five-star hotel were once signs of having "made it".
     But a new study suggested that having people think of you as constantly busy and overworked is now a far better way to show social status.
     According to Harvard University in the US, people are increasingly leaning toward the phenomenon of "humblebragging (谦虚自夸)". This is when people make a seemingly modest statement that actually draws attention to something they want to brag (吹嘘) about.
     Phrases such as "I have no life" and "I desperately need a holiday" are now used to imply social standing, while ordering food and shopping online is the perfect way to prove to neighbors that you are simply too busy and important to go to the supermarket.
     "Movies, magazines, and popular TV shows often highlight (强调) the abundance (富足) of money and leisure time among the wealthy," said Neeru Paharia, an assistant professor at Harvard University.
     "In recent years, featuring wealthy people relaxing by the pool or on a yacht (游艇), playing tennis or skiing and hunting are being replaced with advertisements featuring busy individuals who work long hours and have very limited leisure time," he said. "Displaying (how busy you are at work) and a lack of leisure time operates as a visible signal of status in the eyes of others."
     The researchers pointed out that the Wall Street Journal's 2016 advert campaign featured celebrities (名人) complaining about their busy lives, with the slogan (标语). "People who don't have time, make time to read the Wall Street Journal."
     The report, which was published in the Journal of Consumer Research, also found that brands that marketed themselves as timesaving were becoming increasingly high-status, because of the people who used them.
     According to the authors, this trend of humblebragging is due to people's shit of focus—they now value "the preciousness und scarcity (稀缺) of individuals" more than "the preciousness and scarcity of goods".
     "Busy individuals possess desirable characteristics, leading them to be viewed as scarce and in demand," the authors concluded.
(1)The main idea of this article is about ____.
          A.the trend of "humblebragging"
          B.characteristics of people who lead a busy life
          C.why people today are becoming increasingly busy
          D.why some people like to brag about their social status
(2)People today prefer to ____ to display their social status.
          A.share their passion for tennis or skiing
          B.show how fast-paced their work life is
          C.tell people about the wonderful holidays they take
          D.show off their abundance of money and leisure time
(3)The Wall Street Journal's 2016 advert campaign implies that ____.
          A.busy people always have a better life than others
          B.it's important to read newspapers however busy you are
          C.busy individuals should learn to manage their time better
          D.a lack of time is a typical characteristic of people of high social status
(4)From the article we can conclude that America people today ____.
          A.all brag about themselves
          B.value individuals, the preciousness and scarcity
          C.order food and shop online to show they are rich
          D.work long hours and don't have enough leisure time
2．(8分)     Good news for people who have difficulty in remembering things. A memory technique invented by the ancient Greeks has recently been proved to be able to greatly improve ordinary people's memory ability. You may even become a memory champion if you practice hard enough.
     This is according to a study published in the journal Neuron. Researchers from Radboud University Medical Center in the Netherlands found that memory champions aren't all that different to us. People with an average memory can greatly improve their memory ability by using what's known as the "mind palace" method.
     The method is the secret weapon (武器) of the fictional (虚构的) character Sherlock Holmes.
     In order to do this, you need to picture a place you're familiar with, such as your living room. Then, you have to remember this place in as much detail as possible as this is your own mind palace.
     Suppose you want to remember a shopping list. You can start by spreading out all the items around your living room in your mind. This means each item on your list is connected with a remembered place in your living room. You travel to that remembered place as you recall the list.
     To explore the effects of this method on the brain, researchers gathered 51 participants with average memory levels and no previous memory training. After 40 days of daily 30-minute training sessions (一段时间), participants doubled the amount of words they could remember—they went from recalling an average of 26 words out of 72, to an impressive 62. Four months later, even without continued training, their recall performance remained high.
     "Once you are familiar with these strategies and know how to apply them, you can keep your performance high without much further training," Martin Dresler, assistant professor from Radboud University Medical Center, told the Daily Mail.
     In addition, the training also affects the way our brain cells connect. After training, the way that the participants' brain cells connect began to be like those of memory champions compared to scans (扫描检查) taken before training. Researchers believe this could be responsible for their increased memory.
     But what makes this research so fascinating is that it seems to prove that the talent to store things in your mind isn't down to genes. Dresler found there was no deference in brain structure between memory champions and normal people, which means memory champions are not born with different brains.
     "They, without a single exception, trained for months and years using methods to achieve these high levels of performance," Dresler told Science Daily.
     It's clear that more studies are needed to find out what's going on here, but the "mind palace" method might be your best bet to never forget an important name, date or appointment ever again.
(1)The main purpose of the text is to ____.
          A.present a research on a memory improvement strategy
          B.explore the secrets of memory champions
          C.argue whether good memory is natural or trained
          D.explain how a memory improvement strategy works.
(2)Which of the following statements is TRUE about the "mind place" method?
          A.The method became popular because of Sherlock Holmes.
          B.People need to draw a familiar place on paper before using the method.
          C.The effects of this method are likely to fade when the raining stops
          D.The method relies on a connection with a familiar environment to remember things.
(3)What would Marin Dresler probably agree with?
          A.People's memory level has a lot to do with their brain structure.
          B.Memory champions are often born with outstanding memory ability
          C.Memory training could change the way our brain cells connect.
          D.With continued training, everyone can develop into a memory champion.
3．(8分)     Weekend gym rats might be onto something. Weekend warriors, who put recommended amounts of exercise into one or two gym sessions (时段), experience similar health benefits to those who work out several times a week, according to a new study. And those benefits include a longer life. "It is encouraging news that working out in just one or two days per week is connected to a lower risk of demise, even among people who do some activities but don't quite meet recommended exercise levels," the lead researcher Emmanuel Stamatakis says in a statement.
     The World Health Organization recommends that adults perform two and a half hours of moderate-intensity (中等强度的) physical exercise, or an hour and 25 minutes of more energetic exercise per week. Usually this is done within several days, with experts suggesting that adults get up to 30 minutes of regular exercise each day. However, the new study suggests that busy people may be able to meet the standards when they have more free time, such as at weekends, and stay healthy all the same.
     Researchers studied data from more than 63,000 men and women in England and Scotland, including data about their activity habits and risks for death. The researchers put each individual in one of four groups: those who described themselves as inactive, those who exercised but less than what was recommended, those who exercised in the "weekend warrior" style, and those who worked out regularly more than three days a week.
     Adults who exercised in the "weekend warrior" style had a 40 percent lower risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease and a 30 percent lower risk of death by any cause than those who did not exercise at all. The lower risks of cardiovascular disease and overall death were similar to the risks of people who worked out regularly over the week.
     But take a pause before you give up your weekday gym habit. Just a couple of light sessions won't be enough to get benefits: "Weekend warrior" exercise sessions are usually 75-minute energetic workouts, according to the study.
     The results are promising overall, if you just simply can't fit physical activities into most days. The key here is that exercise is truly a lifeline (救生索): It reduces your risk of illnesses like heart disease, diabetes, cancer and depression, according to the WHO. So, if you are just too busy on weekdays, let go of the guilt (内疚). Just make sure to hit the gym hard at weekends.
(1)What does the underlined word "demise" in Paragraph 1 mean?
          A.Loss.           B.Death.           C.Sadness.           D.Failure.
(2)What should "weekend warriors" do to get benefits?
          A.Focus on moderate-intensity physical exercise.
          B.Exercise to meet different physical activity standards.
          C.Exercise for at least 75 minutes either on Saturday or Sunday.
          D.Perform more energetically than those who work out regularly.
(3)What can we learn from the study?
          A.We should let go of our guilt.
          B.Short but hard workouts help as well.
          C.It's harmful to live a too busy life.
          D.We'd better do our best to stay healthy.
(4)After reading the passage, we can say that people should ____.
          A.stop feeling bad about only exercising at weekends
          B.take part in more energetic workouts than before
          C.work out on both weekdays and weekends
          D.give up their habit of exercise on weekdays
4．(8分)     We're reading a book or opening an envelope when, all of a sudden, there's a sharp pain on our finger. You see a little bit of blood and realize you've just gotten a paper cut.
     Dr Hayley Goldbach, a resident dermatologist at UCLA Health, spoke about why paper cuts are so jagged, how the element of surprise leaves us in more pain and how to make sure they heal quickly.
     Dr Goldbach explained that one reason paper cuts hurt so much is where they occur: primarily on the finger. We have nerve endings all over the body," she said. "In places where there is refined movement and sensation—like the lips or tips of the fingers-they have a high density of nerve endings." These nerve endings are known as nociceptors and they send signals to the brain about things that could cause a break in the skin, such as extreme hot or cold temperatures and chemicals.
     Another reason why paper cuts hurt so much is that you are using your hands throughout the day meaning that the wound is constantly getting opened. "You often get paper cuts on the pad or the tip of the finger, different from where you'd get a knife cut," said Dr Goldbach. "It's hard not to use your hands, so there's constant pressure on the wound without a chance for it to heal."
     "The paper itself is another reason why these superficial cuts leave us in so much pain. Paper might look and seem smooth but, if you study it under a microscope, the edge is actually jagged. "Paper is quite sharp jagged—it's a bit of serrated edge," said Dr Goldbach. "It cuts you pretty quickly before you have the chance to realize it."
     Additionally, paper cuts are quite shallow, which makes them even more annoying to deal with.
     Dr Goldbach added that there are mental and emotional elements that cause paper cuts to hurt more than other cuts. "There's the psychological element of surprise, and it happens so quickly that you don't have time to withdraw your hand," she said. "With some other injuries, you feel pressure so you have time to react."
     She also added that because we don't expect to hurt ourselves while working with paper, the surprise of cuts leaves us in further pain. "We tend to be careful with a knife—you're being careful on purpose: because you know there's a danger," said Dr Goldbach. While we are careful with knives, we are not so careful with paper.
(1)The underlined word "jagged" is closest in meaning to ____.
          A.sharp           B.not dull           C.not rough           D.not smooth
(2)How many reasons why paper cuts hurt so much are mentioned in the passage?
          A.Three.           B.Four.           C.Five.           D.Six.
(3)What will the following passage be about?
          A.How to deal with paper cuts.
          B.How to prevent paper cuts.
          C.How to make sure paper cuts heal quickly.
          D.The different pains caused by knife cuts and paper cuts.

二、七选五(10分)
5．(10分)     Taking a math test can be pretty stressful. Even if you know the material, you can still get the problem wrong.   1  . Therefore you'll improve your grades, as well as your math skills.
Write it out
     You can also check a math problem by writing everything out on paper.   2  . Writing out math problems reduces your chances of missing anything to the lowest possible level, which is a common cause of incorrect answers.
  3  
     Make sure your answers work by doing the opposite procedure of what your problem calls for, including the answer you got the first time around. In other words, you would use the opposite of this addition problem—subtraction (减法)—to determine whether your answer is the correct one.
Plug in
     You may find that a variable isn't good enough or have a problem where you have to solve for a variable (变量).   4  . This is the only real way to assure yourself that the answer you've found is correct.
  5  
     If the result of a problem seems to make no sense, it indicates that the answer is incorrect. For example, if you get an answer in the millions and you know it should be