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中考英语语法状语从句考点(中考真题例题).doc

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1、中考英语语法:状语从句一、时间状语从句在时间状语从句中,通常要用动词的一般现在时态表示将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来式。时间状语从句常用连词有: when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。1 考查when, while, as引导,表示“当时候”.【考例】一Mum,_shall we have lunch? We

2、 will have it when your dad_. 07连云港市A when;returns B where returns Cwhere;will return Dwhen;will return答案A解析 答语中when引导了一个时间状语从句,主句用了一般将来时态,所以从句用一般现在时态,可见正确答案在A与B之中。既然答语用了时间状语来回答,可见问句询问的也一定是时间,从而确定正确答案为A。2. before 的用法:before的本意为“在之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就,趁着还没就,不知不觉就,才”等。如:【考例】Could you please give

3、me your e-mail address _you go? 昆明市A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until答案B解析这四个词(组)都可以引导时间状语从句,as soon as一就before在之前;after在之后;until直到才。分析句子可以看出句意为“在你走之前把你的电子邮件地址给我好吗?”2until 和till 的用法:与肯定式的主句连用,主句谓语必须是延续性动词,till/ until表示“直到”;与否定式的主句连用,且主句谓语是非延缓性动词时,till/ until表示“直到才”。其强调句型为“notuntil” ,位于句首时要采用倒

4、装形式。如:【考例】一Hurry upThe bus is comingOh。noWe mustnt cross the street _the traffic lights are green福州市A after B since C while Duntil 答案D 解析本题应从句意人手。until常用于否定句中,构成notuntil结构,意为“直到才”,该句意为“直到交通灯变绿,我们才能穿过马路”。The kids didnt start to fly kites in the playground _the rain stopped. 成都市A. if B. until C. whene

5、ver答案B解析 notuntil直到才。“直到雨停孩子们才可以去操场放风筝”,-Look! Here comes our school bus. -No hurry. Dont get on it _it has stopped. 安徽省A. until B. after C. since D. whenA解析句中有dont,可想notuntil为固定结构,意为“直到才”。二、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if ,unless(=if not如果不,除非),as/so long as ,while(=as long as 只要),supposing(that),provided/p

6、roviding(that),in case(假使),on condition that(在的条件下)等。如:【考例】_you go to bed earlier, you wont feel tired in the mornings沈阳市A Unless B Because CIf DWhen答案C 解析考查if引导的条件状语从句。“假如你早一点上床睡觉,那么你在上午就不会感到累。”You wont pass your exams _ you work harder. 广东省 A. when B. if C. unless D. after答案C 解析when,after一引导的是时间状语

7、从句,不合题意;if,unless引导的是条件状语从句,If不合句意,“除非你更加努力地学习,否则,你不会通过考试”。故用unless。三、让步状语从句用来引导让步地点状语从句的从属连词有:though,although,even ifthough, while(虽然、尽管),for a11(that)(尽管)whetheror(不论不管还是)以及“疑问词+ever(whatever,wherever,whoever,however,)”和 “no matter +疑问词”等。 【考例】Shall we go on working? Yes , I prefer to have a rest

8、. (2004江西省南昌) Awhen BifCbecause Dthough答案: D命题立意:本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。试题解析:依据上句:我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会。Edison never gave up, he failed many times. (2004四川)AandBthoughCor答案: B命题立意:本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。试题解析:依据题意:即使爱迪生失败多次,他也决不放弃。though用来引导让步状语从句。故选B。四、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that , in order that (为了,以便);in

9、case(以防,以免),lest(免得,以防),for fear that(以免,惟恐)等。从句中一般含有can , could, may,might ,will, would等情态动词。如:【考例】一More and more people in Beijing are learning English _they can better serve the 2008 0lympic Games一Im sure they will宜昌市Abecause of B so that Ceven though Das if答案B解析 本题也应从句意人手。越来越多的人学习英语,“为的是”能更多更好地为

10、奥运服务。so that引导一个目的状语从句。五、结果状语从句【考例】The camera is expensive I cant afford it. (2004辽宁本溪)A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that答案: A命题立意:本题考查从属连词引导结果状语从句的用法。试题解析:依据题意:这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive为形容词,sothat句中要用形容词或副词;suchthat要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从句。故选A。【语法回顾】状语从句的分类。1. 时间状语从句用法要点。(1)as、when、whi

11、le用法一览表。类别作 用例 句asas表示“当的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we w

12、ent to the library every day.(在一段时间内)whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁”)凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间

13、状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等,具体用法如下:1. when 意为“当时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如: I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你(们)来看我时,我感到很高兴。When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你(们)过街道时,一定要小心。when引导的时间状语从句,when的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词。例如:He was working at

14、the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时,我将去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时,我为一家外国企业工作。注:when也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事。I was fishing by th

15、e river , when someone called for help. 我正在河边钓鱼,就在那时有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out. 我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。2. before 意为“在之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如: We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前,我们打扫了教室。 He had been a cook before he went

16、to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。after 意为“在之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如: After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about. 你(们)用过了塑料袋之后,不准到处乱扔。He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。注:若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work. 3. s

17、ince引导的时间状语从句,译为“自从”,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。例如:We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起,我们已经包了许多饺子了。We havent seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。注:常用句型:It is +时间段+since从句 译为:自从有多长时间了。例如:It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。4. until

18、意为“直到时”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时,从句常用否定形式, not. until. 意为“直到才”,这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如:Ill stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里,直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续) He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续) 5. as soon as 意为“一就”

19、,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就发生。例如: Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。6. while引导的时间状语从句,常译为“与同时,在期间”,while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。例如:They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车。注:w

20、hile也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然而”。 例如:I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐,而我的兄弟爱好运动。7. till和until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到为止”,not till / until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到才”。前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,用点动词。例如:I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。We wont start ou

21、r discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的讨论。2. 条件状语从句用法要点。 我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病。3. 地点状语从句用法要点。常用whe

22、re(哪里)和wherever(无论哪里)例如:Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。4. 原因状语从句用法要点。常用的引导连词有because, as和since。三者的区别是:在回答问题的时候,使用because;对于显而易见的原因,常用as或since;as和since的从句常放在主句之前,而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg.Why did you go? I went because Tom to

23、ld me to go. 你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我去。He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise. 他很生气不是因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音。As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里。Since you feel ill, youd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。5. 目的状语从句用法要点。常用的引导连词有so that, that和in order that译为

24、:以便,为了,目的是。例如:Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点,以便我们能作详细笔记。I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来,以免忘记。I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出,以便他能及时收到。注:目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语eg.We work harder than us

25、ualfinish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。三:主句与从句时态一致的问题。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况: 1. 若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词,或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如: Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话,请举手。The traffic must stop when th

26、e lights are red. 红灯亮时,车辆必须停下。2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去,那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如: She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。【语法过关】1I was drawing a horse _the teacher came in. A. while B. as C. when D. the moment2Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris Charles De Gaulle Airpo

27、rt _ the whole roof(屋顶)fell down. A. while B. as soon asC. when D. after3You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where4-Shall we go on working?-Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though5None of us knew what had hap

28、pened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though6-I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear!-Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till7The camera is expensive I cant afford it. A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that8I never

29、seem to lose any weight, hard I try. A. even though B. no matter how C. as if D. ever since9Shall we go on working? Yes , I prefer to have a rest . Awhen BifCbecause Dthough10Edison never gave up, he failed many times. Aand Bthough Cor11The policeman asked the child cross the street the traffic ligh

30、ts turned green. Anot; whenBdont; beforeCnot to; until12-Its time to go to bed ,Li Ming. -Mum, I have a lot of homework to do ,I wont go to bed I finish it A .after B.until C.as soon as D .since13You should make a good plan _ you do anything important. A. before B. after C. though D. until14_ they a

31、re brothers, they dont look like each other at all. A. BecauseB. ThoughC. When D. As15。I enjoy learning English, _ it takes me a lot of time. A.as ifB.thoughC.becauseD.for【参考答案】1。答案C 解析:when为并列连词“这时”(=and then),句意为:我们正当我在画马的时候,这是老师进来了。while表示“正当时”,用于同时进行的动作。2答案C 解析:依据题结构,be doing sthwhen表示“正在这时”的意思。

32、故选C。3答案A 解析: 从意思上看,从句应是一个条件状语从句,在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句,所以选A。4答案D 解析: 从意思上看,只有选though才能说得通。5答案B 解析: 本句的意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“notuntil” 这一句型。6答案B 解析: 本题的意思是“一到那里,我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。7答案A 解析:依据题意:这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive为形容词,sothat句中要用形容词或副词;suchthat要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从句。故选A。8答案B 解析:依据题意:无论我

33、如何努力,好像也没有减肥。9答案 D 解析:依据上句:我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会。10答案 B 解析:依据题意:即使爱迪生失败多次,他也决不放弃。though用来引导让步状语从句。故选B。11答案C 解析:until用在否定句中,主要动词一般是终止性的,表示这个动词的动作直到till(until)所表示的时间才发生。故选C。12答案 B 解析:until用在否定句中,主要动词一般是终止性的,表示这个动词的动作直到till(until)所表示的时间才发生。故选C。13答案 A 解析:依据题意:在你做重要的事情之前,应该做好计划。表示“在之前”的意思,故应选用A。14。答案B 解析:依据题意:尽管他们是兄弟,但他们彼此一点都不像。引导让步状语从句,应选B。15。答案B解析:依据题意:尽管他花费了我很多时间,但我还是喜欢学英语。应选B。 第 - 8 - 页 共 8 页

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