山东省临沂市临沂第一中学2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题(含解析).doc

山东省临沂市临沂第一中学2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）山东省临沂市临沂第一中学2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）年级：姓名：27山东省临沂市临沂第一中学2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分注意事项：1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如 需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上，写 在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ADo you want to have an interesting summer picnics with your family? Here we offer four of the top picnic areas across the US.Cumberland Islands, GeorgiaJust hours south of Savannah, this national seashore is an ideal picnic place. It s not a destroyed place in the Deep South with over 50 miles of hiking trails (路线).Covered in Spanish moss (苔藓)，the paths are lined with trees and since it s still a rural area, the stars gather for a spectacular show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.Grant Park, ChicagoGo for a taste of a 20-day lakefront for delicious food in Chicago, because food festival happens in October each year. Take a spot near the fountain to enjoy your picnic, appreciate the city scenery and lake views and relax with family and friends. If you are there on July 1st, make sure to plan the day to include the fireworks display at the Navy Pier.Cranberry Islands, MaineHere, youll enjoy natural picnics with island views. The islands are a delightful group of islands about 20 minutes offshore from Acadia National Park. You can visit the islands by private boat. Bring a picnic basket along for the ride as it s a romantic picnic area to go for a family outing to visit the islands.Big Sur, CaliforniaThe Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem (胜地).Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. Its good to have a picnic there. You are recommended to bring a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.1. What can we know about Cumberland Islands?A. You can go there by boat.B. You cant have a picnic in the evening.C. It is developed into a beautiful scenery.D. It attracts lots of people for its splendid stars.2. Which of the following attracts wildlife lovers most?A. Big Sur.B. Grant Park.C. Cranberry Islands.D. Cumberland Islands.3. Where is the text most probably from?A. A personal diary.B. A travel magazine.C. A science report.D. A geography textbook.【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据 Cumberland Islands中“Covered in Spanish moss (苔藓），the paths are lined with trees and since it s still a rural area, the stars gather for a spectacular show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.( 小径上覆盖着西班牙苔藓，两旁都是树，因为它仍然是一个乡村地区，星星聚集在一起，在晚上上演一场壮观的表演，创造了一个完美的夜晚星光野餐的机会。)”可知，Cumberland Islands因其美丽的星空夜景吸引了很多游客。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. (除了沿海野生动植物之外，还有稀有的植物群落和独特的地质构造。)”和最后一句“You are recommended to bring a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.( 建议您带望远镜，因为许多野生动物只能在远处才能看到。)可知，Big Sur对于野生动植物爱好者最有吸引力。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you want to have an interesting summer picnics with your family? Here we offer four of the top picnic areas across the US.(你想和你的家人有一个有趣的夏季野餐吗?在这里，我们为您介绍全美最适合野餐的四个地方。) ”以及文章主要介绍了四个最佳野餐地点可知，最可能在一本旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。故选B。BSophie became friends with the gray squirrels during her first week at Penn State, after spotting them running around and wondering what they would look like with tiny hats on their heads. Today, everyone at the university knows her as the Squirrel Girl.Sophie tried bringing them food, and gradually they began to trust her. She managed to put a hat on a squirrel and take a picture. Thinking that her colleagues could do with something to lift their spirits, she started posting similar photos on Facebook. The response was greatly positive, and before long Sophie and her squirrels became an Internet sensation (轰动).Growing up in a neighborhood outside of State College, Sophie was always fond of birds and animals around her home, but she didnt interact with people very much. She was later diagnosed (诊断)with Aspergers syndrome, but the squirrels changed that. The squirrels help me break the ice, because Ill be sitting here patting a squirrel and other people will come over and well just start like feeding the squirrels together and chatting about them, she said, I am a lot more outgoing.And in case youre wondering how Sophie is able to get the squirrels to do what she wants for her photos, it has a lot to do with food. For example, whenever she wants them to hold or play with something, she puts peanut butter on the prop (道具), and theyll grab it. In the beginning, she would throw peanuts up the trees on campus and invite the squirrels to come down and get them, but they hesitated to approach her. She had the patience to earn their trust, though.This year, Sophie is graduating with a degree in English and wildlife sciences. She wants to be a science writer and educate people on how to preserve the environment. As for her furry friends, Sophie plans to stay in the area and visit them as often as she can.4. What can we infer from the passage?A. Mary is known as the Squirrel Girl in the community.B. Mary was more fond of squirrels than any other animals.C. Mary and squirrels received great attention on the Internet.D. Mary wishes to educate people on how to protect the animals.5. What can we learn about Sophie according to paragraph 3?A. She got lots of friends due to squirrels.B. She used to be a popular girl in her childhood.C. She lived in the far countryside when young.D. She was more outgoing than before.6. How did Mary manage to take photos of squirrels wearing hats?A. By dressing like squirrels.B. By putting them in cages.C. By playing music to them.D. By attracting them with food.7. What do you think of Sophie?A. Tolerant and strong.B. Patient and caring.C. Sociable and healthy.D. Traditional and hard-working.【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“松鼠女孩”Sophie曾被诊断出阿斯伯格综合症，但是通过松鼠改变了她，使她变得外向的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The response was greatly positive, and before long Sophie and her squirrels became an Internet sensation.（网友们的反应非常积极，很快索菲娅和她的松鼠们就成了网络红人。）”可判断，索菲娅和松鼠在网上受到了极大的关注。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ The squirrels help me break the ice, because Ill be sitting here patting a squirrel and other people will come over and well just start like feeding the squirrels together and chatting about them, she said, “ I am a lot more outgoing.（“松鼠帮我打破沉默，因为我会坐在这里拍松鼠，其他人会过来，我们就开始一起喂松鼠，聊它们，”她说，“我外向多了。”）”可知，索菲娅比以前更外向。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sophie tried bringing them food, and gradually they began to trust her. She managed to put a hat on a squirrel and take a picture.（苏菲试着给他们拿吃的，他们渐渐地开始信任她了。她设法给松鼠戴上一顶帽子，然后拍了张照片。）”以及倒数第二段“And in case you re wondering how Sophie is able to get the squirrels to do what she wants for her photos, it has a lot to do with food.（如果你想知道索菲娅是如何让松鼠们为她的照片做她想做的事情的，这和食物有很大关系。）”可知，索菲娅通过食物吸引松鼠，拍下松鼠戴帽子的照片。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“In the beginning, she would throw peanuts up the trees on campus and invite the squirrels to come down and get them, but they hesitated to approach her. She had the patience to earn their trust, though.（一开始，她会把花生扔到学校的树上，然后邀请松鼠下来吃花生，但它们都不愿意接近她。不过，她有耐心赢得了他们的信任。）”以及最后一段“As for her furry friends, Sophie plans to stay in the area and visit them as often as she can.（至于她的这些毛茸茸的朋友们，索菲娅打算尽可能多地待在那里看望它们。）”可判断，Sophie既有耐心又有爱心。故选B项。CWalk past any Bath & Body Works store and you ll see a colourful display of popular antibacterial soaps. Sold in thick plastic containers with heavy foam （泡沫）producing pumps on top and loaded with nice smell, these liquid soaps are seen everywhere. Besides their plastic packaging, they are antibacterial, as are so many other soaps, body scrubs（磨砂膏）,and lip sticks these days, not to mention household cleaners and even mattresses. The world has gone crazy for antibacterial products-but, unfortunately, antibacterial is bad.Keep in mind that antibacterial soap is no more effective at killing germs than regular soap. Using antibacterial soap may even lead to the development of bacteria that are resistant to the products antimicrobial agents-making it harder to kill these germs in the future.The problem is that they leave a surface leftover after being washed or wiped away. This leftover is supposed to continue killing afterwards, but it can also promote the growth of resistant bacteria, which are stronger than the original bacteria. Triclosan （三氯生），a common mixed material in antibacterial soaps and hand washing liquids, is a probable human carcinogen （致癌物）.Triclosan, also known as Microban, has been found in breast milk and exists in 60 percent of American waterways, which opens a pathway for potential pollution of food. In 2009, the Canadian Medical Association called on its government to ban all antibacterial products but was unsuccessful.As unexciting as it is, plain old bar soap is the way to go. Regular soap works by loosening dirt, oil, and microbes so they can be washed away. Effective hand washing requires vigorous washing of all surfaces and should last at least 20 seconds. A bar of soap requires little to no packaging, and the greenest option is one with a vegetable glycerine base, free from chemical smell and harmful materials.8. What does using antibacterial soap result in?A. Making things cleaner.B. Killing more germs.C. Keeping things more healthy.D. Promoting the development of bacteria.9. What s the author s attitude towards the antibacterial soaps?A. supportiveB. anxiousC. opposedD. uninterested10. What does the underlined theyin paragraph 3 refer to?A. Original bacteria.B. Antibacterial soaps.C. Household cleaners.D. Antimicrobial agents.11. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A. Using regular soaps is the best option.B. Washing hands needs longer time than ever.C. Buying soaps with no packing and chemicals.D. Keeping antibacterial soap is beneficial to health.【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抗菌肥皂带来的负面影响，并建议使用常规肥皂。8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This leftover is supposed to continue killing afterwards, but it can also promote the growth of resistant bacteria, which are stronger than the original bacteria.（这种残余物之后应该会继续杀灭，但它也能促进耐药细菌的生长，比原来的细菌更强。）”可知，使用抗菌肥皂会促进细菌的成长。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The world has gone crazy for antibacterial products-but, unfortunately, antibacterial is bad.（世界为抗菌产品疯狂但不幸的是，抗菌是有害的。）”以及第二段“Keep in mind that antibacterial soap is no more effective at killing germs than regular soap.（记住，抗菌肥皂并不比普通肥皂更有效地杀灭细菌。）”可判断，作者对抗菌皂持反对态度。故选C项。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Using antibacterial soap may even lead to the development of bacteria that are resistant to the products antimicrobial agents-making it harder to kill these germs in the future.（使用抗菌肥皂甚至可能导致对抗菌产品产生抗药性的细菌的产生使将来更难杀死这些细菌。）”以及第三段“The problem is that they leave a surface leftover after being washed or wiped away.（问题是它们在被清洗或擦拭后会留下表面残留物。）”可知，第三段的they指的是抗菌肥皂。故选B项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As unexciting as it is, plain old bar soap is the way to go.（虽然平淡无奇，但普通的肥皂还是不错的选择。）”可知，作者建议使用常规肥皂是很好的选择。故选A项。DThe best and most-commonly used sources for the pills we have are oily fish like salmon（畦）， mackerel and sardines. Many environmentalists fear that some species are being over fished for this purpose. We may have an endless voracity for fish oil, but we dont have an endless supply of fish.Menhaden, which is described as “a big-headed, smelly, foot-long fish , is in great danger. Although prized for dinner in the 18th century, the species has become the unknown victim of the fish oil business 9 which presents us with potential sea fish. Menhaden filter-feed almost entirely on algae （海藻）and is especially good at changing it into-3 fatty acids, which make them a good target for fish oil companies.One particular company, Protein of Houston, has been fishing 90 percent of the country s menhaden. Its become such a big problem that 13 of the 15 Atlantic states have banned the company * s boats from their waters. Yet the company is still allowed to fish in North Carolina and Virginia, as well as federal waters; the company * s efforts result in the removing of half a billion menhaden every year.Aside from running out a public natural resource for a company，s private profit, the damage to the ecosystem is cause for alarm. The muddy brown color of the Long Island Sound is the direct result of lacking water nitration （过滤）一a job that was once done by menhaden.Menhaden keep the ocean waters of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts clean. A menhaden filters four to six gallons of water of algae in a minute, which prevents underwater dead zones.Measures should be taken to avoid the over fished situation. Plant seeds such as flax seed, chiaseeds, hemp seeds, and sesame seeds and particularly their oils are good vegetarian sources of omega-3 fatty acids, although the mix of specific acids is different from which one can get with fish.12. Why does menhaden become a good fish for companies to make pills?A. It is good at forming-3 fatty acids.B. It feeds mainly on the harmful algae.C. It is well-known for its rich protein.D. It is relatively easy for companies to catch.13. What does the underlined word voracity in paragraph 1 mean?A. troubleB. shortageC. resourceD. appetite14. What does the author intend to suggest us in the last paragraph?A. To grow more plants for their seeds to make oil.B. To use some substitutes instead of more fish oil.C. To call on the government to make laws in fishing.D. To take part in more activities to protect the environment.15. What is the best title for the text?A. The broken natural ecosystem.B. The process of making fish oil.C. Bad effects of fish oil making.D. How to use natural resources.【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鱼油制造带来的不良影响以及避免过度捕捞的措施。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Menhaden filter-feed almost entirely on algae and is especially good at changing it into-3 fatty acids, which make them a good target for fish oil companies.（鲱鱼几乎完全以藻类为食，并且特别擅长将其转化为3脂肪酸，这使得它们成为鱼油公司的一个很好的目标。）”可知，因为鲱鱼擅长形成3脂肪酸所以成为鱼油公司的目标。故选A项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“The best and most-commonly used sources for the pills we have are oily fish like salmon, mackerel and sardines. Many environmentalists fear that some species are being over fished for this purpose.（最好和最常用的药物来源是油性鱼类，如鲑鱼，鲭鱼和沙丁鱼。许多环保人士担心，一些物种正因为这个目的而被过度捕捞。）”以及“We may have an endless voracity for fish oil, but we dont have an endless supply of fish.（我们可能对鱼油有无穷无尽的渴求，但鱼的供应却不是无穷无尽的。）”可判断，此处voracity指人们对鱼油的需求。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Measures should be taken to avoid the over fished situation. Plant seed