新概念英语第二册笔记-第73课.docx

_Lesson 73 The recorder-holder 纪录保持者【Text】Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles. He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of evading school.【课文翻译】学的孩子们都缺乏想像力。他们通常能够做到的，至多也就是安静地钓上一天鱼，或在电影院里坐上8个小时，一遍遍地看同一部电影。而有那么一个小男孩，他 在逃学期间旅行了1,600英里，从而使上述所有逃学的孩子们都相形见绌了。他搭便车到了多佛，天快黑时钻进了一条船，想找个地方睡觉。第二天早上他醒来时，发现船在这段时间已经到了加莱丝。当男孩从船里爬出来时，谁也没有发现他。从那里他又搭上卡车到了巴黎。司机给了他几块饼干和一杯咖啡，就把他丢在了城外。男孩截住的第二辆车并没有如他所愿将他再到巴黎市区，而是将他载到了法国与西班牙的边境城市佩皮尼昂。不幸的是，在那里他被警察找到了，被当地政 府遣送回了英格兰。在千千万万梦想着逃学的孩子当中，他可是创下了一个“不朽的记录”。New words and expressions 生词和短语record-holder 纪录保持者truant n. 逃学的孩子unimaginative adj. 缺乏想像力的shame n. 惭愧，羞耻hitchhike v. 搭便车旅行meantime n. 其间lorry n. 卡车border n. 边界evade v. 逃避，逃离【生词讲解】1. record-holder 记录保持者record 1） n 记录set up a record 创造记录build up a record 创造记录make a record 创造记录create a record 创造记录hold a record 保持记录break a record 打破记录beat a record 打破记录smash a record 大破记录2） v *rkd 录音，录像2. truant n 逃学的孩子(child who stays away from school without permission)play truant 逃学eg: Tohim,homewas justlike ahell. Sohebegan toplaytruantand thenat last heleft his home. 对他来说，家就像地狱一般。于是这个孩子开始逃学然后索性离家出走。 play hooky 逃学，旷课（美）evade school 逃学truancy n 逃学，旷课的（事）3. unimaginative adj缺乏想象力的 Imaginative adj有想象力的 Imagine v想象 imagine doing sth想象做某事 imagine sth/ that想象某事eg Dont you imagine that I can lend you money everytime you need it ? 你难道以为你每次缺钱我都能借给你吗？imaginary adj 想象中的，不真实的，假象的imaginable adj 可想象的imagination n 想象力；想象的事物image n 肖像，形象；比喻4. shame 1) n u 惭愧；羞耻put sb to shame 使感到惭愧；使黯然失色；大大优于某人eg Cinderellas beauty put her sisters to shame . 灰姑娘的美丽令她的姐姐们相形见绌。bring shame on sb 使蒙羞eg She blushed with shame. 她惭愧的eg He felt no shame at losing in the game. 比赛失败了，他不觉得惭愧。2) n c 遗憾的事，可惜eg What a shame ! / what a pity ! 多遗憾呀！eg What a shame that you have to leave so soon! 多遗憾呀你这么快又要走了。3) n c 耻辱，可耻之事eg He was called a shame to their school. 大家称他为学校之耻。eg Shame ! 可耻！eg Shame on you ! 真丢人！to ones shame 令某人感到羞耻的事eg To my shame, I made a mistake again. 令我羞耻的是，我又犯错了。shameful adj 可耻的，丢脸的a shameful conduct 可耻的行为shameless adj 厚颜无耻的，不要脸的a shameless cheat 厚颜无耻的骗子a shameless liar 厚颜无耻的说谎者shamefully adv 可耻地，丢脸地shamelessly adv 厚颜无耻地，不要脸地5. hitchhike v 搭便车旅行hitch v 搭便车eg: Can I hitch a lift to Paris ? 我能打车去巴黎吗？hike n/v 远足，徒步旅行hitchhiker n 搭车者as for a lift = get a free ride 要求搭车give sb a lift 让某人搭车6. meantime 1) n 期间in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时eg In the meantime, we studied 72 lessons. 在此期间，我们学了72课。eg In the meantime, the lorry traveled 1600 miles. 在此期间，卡车走了1600英里。2) adv 期间，同时（相当于 meanwhile）eg I continued watching TV. Meanwhile, I knitted my new sweater out of wool. 我继续看电视，同时我在编制一个新的毛衣。7. lorry n 卡车 复数：lorries eg The goodswill becarriedbylorrytoDalian. 货物将用卡车运往大连。 truck n 载货卡车（美）8. border 1) n 边界，国界the French-Spanish border 法国西班牙边界border land 边疆border line 国境线borderline case 两可情形eg Its a borderline case whether I can pass the exam or not. 我能否通过考试还是两可。eg Annewill certainlypass theexam,butSusanis aborderlinecase. 安考试肯定会及格，但苏珊是个蛮危险的个案。boundary n 界限，分界线limit n 界限，极限edge n 边缘margin n 空白边缘，页边空白outline n 轮廓，外形2) n 边，缘，边沿；（衣服的）滚边a border of flowers round the lawn 草皮四周边缘的花坛eg The handkerchief has a lace border. 那条手帕有蕾丝花边。3) v 和接壤， （土地）毗邻eg France borders (on) Germany. 法国和德国接壤。border on 几乎是，近似eg His success borders on a miracle. 他的成功几乎是个奇迹。9. evade v 逃避，逃离，（近义词 avoid)evade school = play truant 逃学evade a question = avoid answering a question 回避一个问题evade enemies 躲避敌人evade taxes 逃税evasion n 躲避，逃避escape v 逃走，逃跑，逃离escape from prison = escape out of prison 越狱，从监狱逃跑evade v 躲避，闪避，巧妙地躲避【课文讲解】1. Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. who引导定语从句修饰children, 逃学的孩子是没有想象力的。2. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get.本句话主语比较长，A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again 整句话都是主语，后面的系动is, 表语成分是 usually as far as they get. 主语中间由or连接，or连接的前后是选择关系。当or连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数有后面句子的主干决定，也就是就近原则。Or后面的主语是： eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over, 句子的主干是eight hours ， 8小时做主干的时候， 谓语动词要看做单数的。 时间、金钱做主语时，谓语动词都要用单数。over and over again 反反复复地，一再地eg He didnt understand , so I had to say it over and over again. 他不理解，所以我不得不一遍又一遍的讲这件事情。as far as 就的限度as far as the eye can reach 就视力所能及as far as I know 就我所知道的as far as I am concerned 就我所相关的3. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant travelled 1,600 miles.这句话首先要注意定语从句，They have all been put to shame by a boy， 他们被一个孩子比的相形见绌，那么是一个什么孩子呢？Who while playing truant travelled 1,600 miles. 逃学的时候跑了1600 英里的这样的孩子；who引导的是定语从句修饰 a boy；而在定语从句中插入一个时间状语while palying truant,当我们强调时间的时候，把while playing truant 插到中间起强调作用4. He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. hitchhike v 搭车首先注意 went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep,钻进一条船，想找地方睡觉，to find是动词不定式做目的状语，表示某个睡觉的地方；to sleep不定式做定语修饰somewhere.hitchhike to 搭车去towards evening 天快黑的时候，临近黄昏的时候towards evening是插入时间状语，起到强调作用；临近黄昏的时候，他钻进一条船，想找个地方睡觉。towards 1) prep 时间接近towards evening 天快黑的towards the end of the game 比赛快结束的时候2) 对于，关于attitude towards sb 对某人的态度3) 有的趋势a distinct tendency towards inflation 通货膨胀趋势很明显5. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. in the meantime 在此期间，有是一个插入时间状语6. No one noticed the boy as he crept off.notice 1) v 注意，留意，看到notice sb 注意到某人eg: I didnt notice your parents. 我没有注意到你的父母亲。notice sb do sth 注意到某人做了某事 （动作已经发生完了）notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事 （动作正在发生）eg: Have you noticed her cry ? 你注意到她哭了吗？eg: He was noticed breaking open the window. 有人注意他正破窗而入。notice + that /wh 做宾语eg: I notice that you werent among the contestants. 我注意到你不再参赛者之中。eg He didnt notice how she felt when he introduced his girlfriend to her. 当他把女朋友介绍给他的时候，他没有注意到她的感受。2) n 注意，注目attract notice / draw notice 引人注目3) n 通知，通告eg Wait until further notice. 等待进一步通知。4) n 公告，帖示post a notice / put up a notice 张贴一张告示bring sth to ones notice 使某人看见，注意到notice board 布告栏 bulletin board 布告栏 （美语）creep off 爬出来creep into 悄悄混进去，爬进去creep upon / creep over 悄悄地来到 （表示时间，感觉等不知不觉到来）eg: Age crept upon him. 他感觉不知不觉变老了。creep v 四足动物爬行crawl v 动物以腹部爬行7. From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city.outside the city 在城外outside prepeg It is outside my business. 不管我的事情8. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border.定语从句the boy stopped 小男孩所拦住的下一辆车，修饰next car.as he hoped it would,像他所希望的那样；as 引导一个状语从句是方式状语从句，9. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. pick up 1) 拾起，拿起pick up a coin in the road 在马路上捡起一枚硬币pick up the telephone 拿起听筒，拿起电话2) 搭载乘客；驾车去接人eg Shall I pick you up at the station? 我去车站接你吧？3) 恢复，使恢复，变好（通常描述健康，经济，事态等变好）eg I believe things will pick up soon. 我相信一切都会好起来的。send back to 送回去the local anthorities 地方当局the school authorities 学校当局the anthorities concerned 有关当局10. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of evading school.定语从句 who dream of evading school 梦想逃学的孩子们，修饰children.set up a record for 为创造dream of doing sth 梦想做7. pick up 8. send back to 9. local authorities 10. set up a record11. dream of doing sth【关键词组摘录】1. play truant 2. over and over 3. as far as4. put sb to shame5. in the meantime6. creep off【Key Structures】 1. 简单句：只包含一个主谓结构，而句子各个成分都只有单词或者短语表示。2. 并列句：句子包含有两个或两个以上互不依靠的主谓结构，并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词连接。3 复合句：包含有两个或者更多的主谓结构，其中有一个（或更多的）主谓结构充当句子的某一部分如句子充当主语，状语，宾语，标语，定语等。Exercises用括号中的连词改写句子1) The climbers reached the top of the mountain. They spent the night there. (not only but as well)The climbers not only reached the top of the mountain, but spent the night there as well. 爬山者不但到达山顶， 而且在那儿度过一个晚上。（主语是 the climbers, 那么not only but as well连接并列的谓语动词）2) A fire broke out in a cinema. Several hundred people tried to leave the building. A number of them were injured. (when and)When a fire broke out in a cinema, several hundred people tried to leave the building and a number of them were injured. 当电影院里发生大火时，几百人想要逃生，很多人受伤了。(when 引导时间状语从句，and 连接前后并列关系的并列句）3) James Sullivan will give a lecture at the local library next week. His book on the Antarctic was published recently.(whose)James Sullivan, whose book on the Antarctic was published recently, will give a lecture of the local library next week. James Sullivan 在下星期在当地的图书馆将进行一场报告，他的关于南极的书刚刚被出版。（whose 引导一个定语从句表所有关系，whose book on the Antarctic was published recently是一个定语从句，紧跟在先行词James Sullivan后面，再后面跟出一个谓语动词will give a lecture of the local library next week. ）4) I hid the Christmas presents under the desk quickly. My young daughter would not see them. She entered the room. (so that, when )I hid the Christmas presents under the desk quickly so that my young daughter would not see them when she entered the room. 我迅速地把圣诞礼物藏在桌子下面，目的是不让我女儿进屋的时候看到这些礼物。 (so that 引导的是一个目的状语从句，而when引导的是时间状语从句，连接主从符合句。）5) I refused the offer. I explained. I had already been offered a job by another company.（refusing, that)Refusing the offer, I explained that I had already been offered a job by another company. 拒绝这份工作我解释到，我已经被另外一家公司给与一份工作了。（refusing是一个现在分词表达状语，使用现在分词refusing做状语成分，而that连接解释的内容，引导一个宾语从句）6) He fought the wolves for three hours. Help arrived. (before)He fought the wolves for three hours before help arrived. 在援助到来之前他和狼群搏斗了3个小时。（before连接的通常是时间状语从句）7) The police searched everywhere. They missing boy could not be found. His dog could not be found. ( Although neither nor)Although the police searched everywhere, neither the missing boy nor his dog could be found. 尽管警察到处的搜寻，小孩和他的狗都没有被找到。( although 引导让步状语从句，neithernor前者也不，后者也不，连接并 列句。在主句中间，neither the missing boy nor his dog, neither nor连接并列的主语成分，neither nor 本身 有否定含义， 所以谓语动词could be不再出现否定）8) Fares have increased. The railway company is still losing money. The employees have demanded higher wages. ( In spite of the fact that because)In spite of the fact that fares have increased, the railways company is still losing money because the employees have demanded higher wages.尽管车费涨了这一事实，铁路公司仍旧在亏钱，因为员工要求更高的工资。(In spite of 是一个介词短语，尽管的含义，the fact,尽管这个事实，那么是什么事实呢？That 从句是个同位语 从句，告诉我们事实的内容；because 引导一个原因状语从句）9) He gave me a fright. I knocked the teapot over. (such that)He gave me such a fright that I knocked the teapot over. 他吓了我如此一跳，以至于我把茶壶打翻了。( suchthat 表示如此以至于；such后面通常加名词或者名词短语，that引导结果状语从句）10) I made sure. The alarm clock worked. I set it. It would ring at six oclock. ( After making that so that)After making sure that the alarm clock worked, I set it so that it would ring at six oclock. 确定闹装会响之后我设 定了闹钟，目的是让它六点钟响。(after是介词，表示之后，making是动名词做after的介词宾语；so that 引导目的状语从句，目的是6点钟它会响。这个主从复合句的主句就是I set it,我设定闹钟，前面是一个时间 状语，so that 是一个目的状语。）Exercises1 They are unimaginative. They havent much imagination.题干中的unimaginative是adj,缺乏想象力的A imagination n 想象力，与imaginative是同根词，含义相反B fantasy n 幻想，幻觉，词义不够贴切C imaginary adj 想象中的，空想的D fantasia n 幻想曲，幻想作品，词义不正确2 They have been put to shame by a boy. They should feel ashamed. (put to shame 使惭愧、使羞愧）A ashamed adj 感到羞愧的，惭愧的（主语是人）B shy adj 胆怯的，羞怯的，词义不够贴切C shyness n 羞怯，词义和词性都不正确D shameful adj 丢脸的，可耻的，主语一般是物而不是人。3 Thousands of boys dream of evading school. They dream of avoiding it. (dream of doing sth 梦想做某事）A escaping n 逃脱，逃离 B avoiding n 躲开，回避 C preventing n 阻止D running away n 逃跑4 When you are riding a bicycle, you should hold the handlebars firmly.骑自行车的时候你应该抓紧车把。A handle v 操纵 B control v 控制 C hand v 传递D hold v 抓紧，抓牢谚语The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。 捷足先登；先抓住时机的人会取得成功；早起工作的人会取得成功。