高中英语选修7unit3underthesea语法.doc

沽源县第一中学导学案 模块内容：选修7
编制人：周欢 审核人：崔晓丽 使用时间： 年 月 日
Book 7 Unit3 Under the sea
grammar
随 笔

the Passive Voice of
—ing Form

1、V-ing 形式
V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成，其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
时态 语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
(not) doing
(not) being done
完成式
(not) having done
(not) having been done
【注】一般式：表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。
完成式：强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。
2、动词-ing形式的被动语态
当动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing 形式的被动语态。动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语，但不能单独作谓语。其完成式多在句中作状语。
3、动词-ing形式的被动式的句法功能
（1）用作主语
E.g. ①Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing.
②Being helped out by the killer whales, the whalers were able to make successful kill.
★ ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (上海高考题 2002)
 A. Exposed      B. Having exposed    C. Being exposed      D. After being exposed
（2）用作宾语
E.g. ①He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.
②I remember having been told the story.  
V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。
★ The bird escaped _____________________ (catch).
★ He was afraid of _________________________(abandon) by us.
【注意】
在 avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on 等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。
（3）用作定语
E.g. ①The problem being discussed now is very important.
② The house being built will be our library upon its completion.
（4）用作状语
E.g. ①Being asked to answer the question, she couldn’t refuse.
② Having been given such a good chance, how would you not value it at all?
（5）用作表语
E.g. What worried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
（6）用作宾语补足语
E.g. ①You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere now.
②I saw a baby being caught away by two men.
【练习】
动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?
★ So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.
★ He didn’t mind being left at home.
★ That building being repaired is our library.
★ Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.
★ Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?
4、比较
①动词-ing一般时和一般时的被动形式
(1) He hurried home, looking behind from time to time.
(2) The building being repaired is our dormitory.
②动词-ing的完成时和完成时的被动形式
(1) Having heard this, our teacher expressed her satisfaction.
(2) Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t leave.
【注意】
1）在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。
E.g. ①The flowers in the garden want watering．
= The flowers in the garden want to be watered．花园里的花需要浇水了。
②The blackboard needs cleaning.
= The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。
2）在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。
E.g. His suggestion is worth considering. 他的提议值得考虑
此句可转换成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered.
His suggestion is worthy of being considered.
3）allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。
E.g. I don’t allow him to swim here. 我不允许他在此地游泳。
4）V-ing可带有自己的逻辑主语
一般情况下，句子的逻辑主语是句中的主语，但有时可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的结构称为独立结构。V-ing自己带的逻辑主语有两种形式：a）在V-ing前加“物主代词或名词的所有格”；b）在V-ing前加“名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格”。两者的区别是：前者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口语中使用后者更为自然。
E.g. ①Do you mind my smoking in the room? 你介意我在室内吸烟吗？
②The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home.
会议结束后, 我们都离开房间开车走了。
【即学即练】
I. Choose the right answer.
1. --- What made Bill so angry?
--- ___. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasn’t come yet.
A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting
C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waited
2. The building ___ in our school is for us teachers. Though there’s noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.
A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built
3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
4. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
5. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises.
A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching
6. _________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.
A. Having been told　 B. Having told C. Been told　　D. Telling
7. He has always insisted on his ___ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.
A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called
8. Do you mind_____ alone at home?
A. Jane’s leaving B Jane’s having left C Jane’s being left D Jane to be left
9.______ to put on a performance, Miss Green couldn't refuse very well.
A. Being asked B. Asked C. Ask D. To be asked
10. The missing boys were last seen ___ playing on the playground.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
11. Any driver ___ a license ought to be punished.
A. doesn’t have B. having not C. has not D. not having
12. ___ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary.
A. Not learning B. Never having learned
C. Having not learned D. Having never learned
13. Do you mind ___ alone at home?
A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left
C. Jane’s being left D. Jane to be left
14. He has always insisted on his ___ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.
A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called
15. — You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
— Well, now I regret ____ that.
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have done D. having done
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. _____________________ (ask) to put on performance, she refused.
2. He disliked ______________________ (interrupt) in his experiment.
3. ______________________ (give) such a good chance, you should catch it.
4. I didn’t mind __________________ (leave) at home.
5. The house wants __________________ (clean).
6. He came in without ___________________ (ask).
7. _______________________ (show) around the library, we were taken to see the lab.
8. Our neighbor came close to ______________ (kill) in a traffic accident the other day.
9. It made me upset to hear the news of his _____________________________ (fire) from that good job.
10. The foreign friends you referred to are looking forward to ____________ (show) around our newly built language lab.
III. 将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。
________________________________________________________________________
2. 这问题远远没有解决。
________________________________________________________________________
3. 没有谁请他做，是他自己做的。
________________________________________________________________________
4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。
________________________________________________________________________
5. 既然已做出了决定，下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

【课后反思】

10
10
在预习中自学 在展示中自信 在合作中进步 在反思中提高