高中英语常用短语和句型归纳总结.doc

1高考高频动词短语（1）act短语：act as 担任职务，起作用act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）act out 表演（对话、故事等）act up 捣乱，出毛病例如：I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen.Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case. (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。)The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus.Hes a tough kid and he acts up a lot.（2）break短语：break away 摆脱，脱离break away from 脱离，奋力挣脱break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入 break into 闯入，破门而入break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发break out in tears 突然大哭break the rule 违反规定break through 突围，冲跨 break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开例如:The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught.If you keep on working like that, youll break down sooner or later.The car broke down just on my way here.If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off.If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off.She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup.I broke off the conversation and answered the phone.Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out?It may take a long time to break through the problem.In spring the icebergs begin to break up.（3）bring短语：bring about 引起，导致，使发生bring along 把带来，领来bring back 拿回来，使恢复 bring sb back 送回某人bring sth / sb back to life 使生动/活泼，使苏醒（比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒）bring down 使降低，减少，使倒下，使落下 bring down / up (the price) 降价提价 比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格下降 /上涨bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收 bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进 bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出bring to 使苏醒bring to use = put to use 对加以利用bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施）bring up 抚养，培养，哺育例如：A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.Youre welcome to bring along a friend.The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation (通货膨胀).American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year.This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s.Stress can bring on (=lead to / result in) headaches and other illnesses.Jenny opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles.He was brought up by his grandparents.（4）call短语：call at (sp) 访问（某地），拜访（某地）比较：call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人）call back 回电话call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人call / shout for help 呼救call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话call off 取消call on / upon 号召 call out 大声呼喊，叫喊call sbfor short 简称某人 call sb names 谩骂某人call up 给打电话，使人想起，号召例如：We called at Mikes house yesterday.All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English.Ill call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.Lets call in a doctor for the little girl.Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.I shall call on him tomorrow.I heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs.Call me up tomorrow; my number is 536291.Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.（5）come短语： come about 发生，产生come across 偶然相遇come along 来，随同，进展，加油come at 向袭击come back 回来，想起来，复活come down 下来，下落，传下 come down to 到达，从一处来到另一处come for 来拿，来取 come from 来自，出生于 come in 进来，进入 come into being 形成，产生 come into use 使用起来 come off 脱落，从离开 come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见，偶然碰上，偶然发现 come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开come over to 过来，顺便来访，从一个地方来到另一个地方come round / around （非正式）来访，串门come to 来到，出现，提及，达到，共计，结果是，苏醒come to an end 结束，终止 come to know 逐渐地知道come to life （变得）活泼，苏醒过来 come to light 显露，为人所知come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉 come to / into power 当权，上台 come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with 甘心忍受 come true 变为现实，成为事实come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来come up to sb 朝某人走来 come up with 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上例如：A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report.I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day.Your English is coming along really well.Come along / on! Dont give up yet!Come along / on! Were all waiting for you!Suddenly, he came at me with a knife. Now, lets come back to what I was saying a moment ago.It is impossible for a dead animal to come back.Snow was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window. The airplane came down in that field.Where does the film star come from, do you know? Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand (= with a book in his hand).The law first came into being in 1912.By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy.How long is it since the electronic computer came into use?The button came off, but he didnt notice it.There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day. The trees turn green and flowers come out.This magazine comes out once a month.Why dont you come around / round for lunch? Some day youll come to know the mistakes you have made.If they dont come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned.Ive forgotten her name, but maybe itll come to me later.The bill came to 480 in total.His dream of becoming a film star came true at last. A child came up to me and showed me the way.The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.Searching through the drawer, I came upon the letter Id been looking for.（6）cut短语：cut away 切除，剪去 cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入 cut in line 插队 cut into pieces / halves 把切成碎片/切成两半cut out 删除，剪下来cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应）cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉cut the cost of 降低的成本 例如：He cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful.A lot of trees there were cut down in the past.The electricity was cut off because of the storm.He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.Could you cut the pizza up, please?（7）do短语： do about 处理，应付 do and dont 要与不要 do a good deed 做一件好事 do a lot of walking 走很多路 do a test 做实验，做化验 do a word puzzle 猜字谜 do an experiment / experiments 做实验 do away with 废除 do body-building 做健身操 do chores 处理琐事，干家务do housework 做家务活 do make-up 化妆，打扮 do observations 观察 do ones best 尽某人最大努力 do ones homework 做作业 do research on 从事研究工作 do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书 do some shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事do telephone interviews 进行电话采访do the laundry 洗衣服do up 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好do up ones shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头do up the button 扣纽扣do well / better in 在方面干得好/更好 do with 处理，处置，对付do wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对）例如：To tell the truth, I dont know how to do with him.Ill have nothing to do with him from now on.What did you do with that camera you found?The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.Eat more fruit; it will do good to you.I think I can do better in English this year than last year.Liszt said, “Youve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.”Im going to do my best this year.I was only trying to do a good deed.（8）get短语：get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国get a full mark / full marks 得满分get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足get at 意指，本意是get around = get about 四处走动，活动get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离get away from 逃脱，逃离get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还get close to 接近 get down 下来，降下 get down on ones knees 跪下 get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事）get in 进入，收获，达到 get in a word 插话 get into 进入 get sb into 使某人陷入 get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得get off 下车，脱下（衣服等） get on 上车，过活 get on / along with 进展，与相处get on ones feet （艰难地）站立起来 get out 离开，出去 get out of 逃避，避免 get over 克服，恢复，原谅 get up 起床，起身 get across 理解，度过get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）get to 到达，抵达 get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着get / gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领get ready for 为做准备（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为做好了准备）get rid of 除掉，去掉 get sb to do 让某人做get the idea for 想到的主意 get the message across 传播信息get together 相聚，碰头，联欢 get / be used to sth 习惯于，适应于（比较：be used as sth 被用作be used for sth 被用于，用来做be used to do sth 被用于做used to do sth 过去常常做） get / be dressed 穿衣服get / be engaged (to sb) （与某人）订婚get / be lost 丢失了，迷路get / be married (to sb) = marry (sb) （与某人）结婚get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难get / be tired of 对感到厌倦，对失去兴趣（比较：get / be tired for 因而感到疲倦）例如：Im getting on well with my classmates now.How are you getting along with your English?He got the book away from her.The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.When did you get back from the countryside?Have you got back the book you lent him?“Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.”The dust has got into my eyes.This mistake may get him into difficulties.Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “Im sorry.”When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.The conductor got off and checked the rails.She got on her bicycle and cycled off.You work too hard! You should get out a bit more.If you dont want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关).I telephoned him, but I just couldnt get through to him.She felt so cold that she got close to her mother.Its time we got down to work.The theatre was already full, and we couldnt get in.The peasants are busy getting in the crops.We didnt get up until lunch time.He got up and walked over to the window.（9）give短语：give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发give back 归还，送回give in 投降，让步，屈服 give off 释放，发出，放出 (烟、光、热等) give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放give over = hand over 转交，移交 give up 放弃，辞去give a concert 开音乐会give a description of 描述give / make a speech 演讲，讲话give a talk 演讲，做报告give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成give close attention to 密切关注 give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗give shade in summer 夏天时遮阳give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信give sb a second look 再看某人一眼give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就向某人提出建议/忠告例如：In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.Remember not to give it away to anyone else; its a secret.Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.When they made ready to climb the next ridge (山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out. Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.Mary had to give up her job after her marriage.Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.Could you give us some advice on reading?If you wont have it changed, please give my money back.（10）go短语：go abroad 出国go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干 go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访go against 违反，违背go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面 go / walk around 四处走走go away 走开，离去go back 回去go beyond 超越 go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去go down 下来，落下，倒下go down on ones knees 跪下go for 为去，努力获取，主张，适用于go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行 go for a job interview 去面试找工作go for a walk / walks 散步go for sb 对某人也一样 go in for 参加，喜欢go into 详细调查 go into details 细说go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去go off the air 停止广播（比较：go on the air 开始广播） go on 发生，进行，继续go / be on diet 在节食go on (a) holiday 去度假 go on a tour to 去观光（游览）go on a visit to 去访问（参观）go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事） go on with sth 继续某事go out 熄灭，出去 ，外出go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅go past 从的旁边过去go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登go with 与相配go without 忍受没有之苦，没有也行，没有也能勉强应付go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰 go straight along 沿着一直往前走go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查go through with 完成 go to bed （上床）睡觉go to school / work 上学/上班go to sea 当水手go to sleep 入睡go to town 进城 go to a movie 去看电影go to the country(side) 下乡 go home / there 回家/去那儿go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生 go bad 变坏go wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途go Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用例如：No one dared to go against the rules.Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window? No, go ahead.I went away /off wondering if Id said anything wrong.Im afraid the fish has gone bad.Things will get easier as time goes by.He went by quickly, taking no notice of us.If you really want the job, go for it!Close all the doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for windows.I go in for all the competitions.After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.Suddenly the candle went out.Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say.Lets go over what we learned last period.Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings?Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million.It is possible to go without food for a few days.Somethings gone wrong with my watch; I must have it repaired.（11）have短语：have a break 休息一下have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来have (got) a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话have a talk with sb (about sth) （就某事）与某人进行交流have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话have a gift for 对有天赋（比较：have a reputation for 有名誉/名声）have a good flight （坐飞机）旅途愉快 have a good knowledge of 对很熟悉，通晓have a good laugh over 对笑了个够 have a good / great / wonderful time = have (great) fun 玩得（非常）高兴，过得愉快have a / the habit of = be in a / the habit of 有的习惯（比较：get into / form the habit of 养成的习惯 get sb into the habit of 使某人养成的习惯）have a hit 风靡一时have a large population 人口众多have / take a look 看一看have a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途愉快 have (got ) a pain (in the) （身体某部位）痛have a part-time job 做兼职工作 h