自尊与抗争论《白鲸》主人公亚哈的英雄悲剧性--本科毕设论文.doc

学科分类号 0502 本科学生毕业论文（设计） 题目（中文）：自尊与抗争论白鲸主人公亚哈的英雄悲剧性（英文）：Self-esteem And Struggle Appreciating the Tragic Hero Ahab in Moby-Dick Self-esteem and StruggleAppreciating the Tragic Hero Ahab in Moby-Dickby Zhang Jianguosupervised by Professor Pan Lifengsubmitted to The Foreign Languages Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the subject of English Language and LiteratureHunan University of Science and Engineering Yong Zhou May, 2007毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。作 者 签 名： 日 期： 指导教师签名： 日期： 使用授权说明本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。作者签名： 日 期： 湖南科技学院本科毕业论文（设计）诚信声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的本科毕业论文（设计），是本人在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，成果不存在知识产权争议，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 本科毕业论文（设计）作者签名： 二 七 年 五 月 一、湖南科技学院本科毕业论文（设计）开题报告书论文（设计）题目自尊与抗挣论白鲸主人公亚哈的英雄悲剧性Self-esteem And Struggle Appreciating the Tragic Hero Ahab in Moby-Dick作 者 姓 名张建国所属系、专业、年级 外语系 英语 专业 四 年级指导教师姓名、职称潘利锋教授预计字数5000-7000开题日期2006年12月10选题的根据：1）说明本选题的理论、实际意义2）综述国内外有关本选题的研究动态和自己的见解白鲸是美国浪漫主义作家麦尔维尔的代表作。由于该作品结构的复杂性，因此在评论界引起争论很多，尤其是其主人公亚哈这一人物形象。本文选题意义在于通过分析解读这一人物形象，从而肯定他为捍卫自尊而勇于抗挣的悲剧英雄形象。希望人们对亚哈的形象有更加全面的认识。该作品以其象征意义的复杂性和主题的多样性。自年以来，受到越来越多的评论家的关注。由于亚哈这一人物形象的复杂性。国内外研究者对于他的评价众说纷纭，大多研究者认为亚哈是“恶魔”、“疯子”。为数不多的评论家谈及到亚哈的英雄气概。本文结合国内外研究动态，综合分析解读主人公亚哈人物形象，从而肯定其英雄悲剧意义，否定其偏执、癫狂行为。因此我期望通过对亚哈的人物剖析，能进一步增加人们对亚哈的认识和了解。主要内容：引言：亚哈这一人物形象，大多研究者执否定态度。本文将从人物性格特征分析、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写、人物抗挣等方面对亚哈人物形象进行解读。肯定其为维护自尊而勇于牺牲的英雄气概并对其悲剧原因进行分析。本文主体分为五部分： 第一部分：简单介绍作者、作品的基本情况。 1.1 作者麦尔维尔的简介 1.2 作品的主要内容 第二部分：分析亚哈人物性格特征以及对造成亚哈偏执、疯狂的原因进行分析。 2.1 孤独、偏执的亚哈 2.2 勇敢、坚毅的亚哈 2.3 视自尊为命的亚哈第三部分：亚哈坚强、勇往直前的抗挣者。 3.1心理活动抗挣的表现 3.2 与社会现实抗挣的表现第四部分：失败英雄的归宿 4.1 职业的悲剧性 4.2自尊的悲剧性第五部分：对本文进行小结，从而肯定其英雄悲剧性。研究方法：本文通过大量文本解读、分析、归纳等方法，利用相关的理论知识就论点展开论述，并引申出自己的观点。完成期限和采取的主要措施：完成期限：1）年4月20日前完成初稿2）年5月10日前完成定稿主要措施：1）在图书馆查阅、借阅各种相关书籍、学术期刊。2）通过于导师交流，加深了解作品。3）在网上搜索有用信息，经自己综合整理展开论证。4）仔细品味作品，形成自己观点。主要参考资料：1 Herman Melville. Moby-DickM.北京：中国图书进出口总公司. 2005.2 FredMednick. An Introduction to American Literature M. 郑州：河南大学出版社.1985.3 Annette T Rubinstein. American Literature Root And Flower M.Beijing: ForeignLanguage Teaching and Research Press.1998.4 Jia-Rui Chong. Melissa Martin. 白鲸导读M. 天津：天津科技翻译出版公司.2003.5 曹庸译. 白鲸 M.上海：上海译文出版社.2003.6 陈秋红. 白鲸象征意义的文化阐释J.武汉：外国文学研究.2002年第二期.7 戴镏龄.世界名言大辞典M.南宁：广西人民出版社.19968 黄静.论白鲸的悲剧意义J.兰州：兰州铁道学院学报第2期. 2003.9 催凌云.白鲸欲望主体与复仇主题J.株洲：株洲师范高等专科学院学报第四期.2004.10 白锡汉.论白鲸的悲剧实质J.青岛：山东师大外国语学院学报第二期.2000.11 朱光潜.悲剧心理学M. 合肥：安徽教育出版社.2006.12 周海燕.寻求与超越-亚哈与桑地亚哥人物形象解读J.莱阳农学院学报第2期.2006.指导教师意见：签 名： 年 月 日开 题 报 告 会 纪 要时间 地点与会人员姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）会议记录摘要：会议主持人：记 录 人：年 月 日指导小组意见负责人签名： 年 月 日系部 意 见负责人签名：年月日二、湖南科技学院本科毕业论文（设计）评审表论文题目自尊与抗挣论白鲸主人公亚哈的英雄悲剧性Self-esteem And Struggle Appreciating the Tragic Hero Ahab in Moby-Dick作者姓名张建国所属系、专业、年级外国语言文学系 英语专业 2003年级指导教师姓名、职称潘利锋 教授字 数6000定稿日期2007年5月10日中文摘要白鲸是19世纪美国著名浪漫主义作家麦尔维尔的代表作，它讲述了亚哈船长为追杀白鲸而导致船毁人亡的悲剧故事。在悲剧的背后蕴含着主人公对自尊的捍卫与命运的抗争。在追捕白鲸的过程中，无论是警告还是预兆，亚哈都表现出毫不畏惧，这种对命运与神明的抗争在小说中淋漓尽致的表现出来。本文结合朱光潜的悲剧心理学，从主人公的性格、自尊与抗争三方面论述了亚哈的英雄悲剧性。关键词（3-5个）自尊， 抗争， 白鲸 ， 亚哈， 英雄悲剧性英文摘要 Moby-Dick (1851) was written in the19th century. It is the masterpiece of the well-known American romantic novelist Melville. The author narrates the tragic story of captain Ahab, who tries to kill Moby Dick by all kinds of means. This activity has caused the ship to be destroyed and humans perished. Through this novel, we can find that, on the one hand, the leading character Ahab defends his self-esteem and struggles with destiny on the other hand. In the course of pursuing the Moby Dick, Ahab never retreats, no matter what sort of unlucky omens or warnings he meets. This kind of resistance to the destiny and the god is performed vividly in the novel. The article integrates Zhu Guangqians The Tragedy Psychology together to elaborate the Ahabs heroic tragedy in three aspects: the leading characters personalities, the self-esteem and the struggle.关键词（3-5个）Self-esteem, struggle, Moby Dick, Ahab, heroic tragedy指导教师评定成绩评审基元评审要素评审内涵满分指导教师实评分选题质量25%目的明确符合要求选题符合专业培养目标，体现学科、专业特点和教学计划的基本要求，达到毕业论文（设计）综合训练的目的。10理论意义或实际价值符合本学科的理论发展，有一定的学术意义；对经济建设和社会发展的应用性研究中的某个理论或方法问题进行研究，具有一定的实际价值。10选题恰当题目规模适当，难易度适中；有一定的科学性。5能力水平40%查阅文献资料能力能独立查阅相关文献资料，归纳总结本论文所涉及的有关研究状况及成果。10综合运用知识能力能运用所学专业知识阐述问题；能对查阅的资料进行整理和运用；能对其科学论点进行论证。10研究方案的设计能力整体思路清晰；研究方案合理可行。5研究方法和手段的运用能力能运用本学科常规研究方法及相关研究手段（如计算机、实验仪器设备等）进行实验、实践并加工处理、总结信息。10外文应用能力能阅读、翻译一定量的本专业外文资料、外文摘要和外文参考书目（特殊专业除外）体现一定的外语水平。5论文质量35%文题相符较好地完成论文选题的目的要求。5写作水平论点鲜明；论据充分；条理清晰；语言流畅。15写作规范符合学术论文的基本要求。用语、格式、图表、数据、量和单位、各种资料引用规范化、符合标准。10论文篇幅文科15000字左右，理科10000字左右。5实评总分 成绩等级 指导教师评审意见： 指导教师签名： 说明：评定成绩分为优秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格五个等级，实评总分90100分记为优秀，8089分记为良好，7079分记为中等，6069分记为及格，60分以下记为不及格。评阅教师评定成绩评审基元评审要素评审内涵满分评阅教师实评分选题质量25%目的明确符合要求选题符合专业培养目标，体现学科、专业特点和教学计划的基本要求，达到毕业论文（设计）综合训练的目的。10理论意义或实际价值符合本学科的理论发展，有一定的学术意义；对经济建设和社会发展的应用性研究中的某个理论或方法问题进行研究，具有一定的实际价值。10选题恰当题目规模适当，难易度适中；有一定的科学性。5能力水平40%查阅文献资料能力能独立查阅相关文献资料，归纳总结本论文所涉及的有关研究状况及成果。10综合运用知识能力能运用所学专业知识阐述问题；能对查阅的资料进行整理和运用；能对其科学论点进行论证。10研究方案的设计能力整体思路清晰；研究方案合理可行。5研究方法和手段的运用能力能运用本学科常规研究方法及相关研究手段（如计算机、实验仪器设备等）进行实验、实践并加工处理、总结信息。10外文应用能力能阅读、翻译一定量的本专业外文资料、外文摘要和外文参考书目（特殊专业除外）体现一定的外语水平。5论文质量35%文题相符较好地完成论文选题的目的要求。5写作水平论点鲜明；论据充分；条理清晰；语言流畅。15写作规范符合学术论文的基本要求。用语、格式、图表、数据、量和单位、各种资料引用规范化、符合标准。10论文篇幅文科15000字左右，理科10000字左右。5实评总分 成绩等级 评阅教师评审意见： 评阅教师签名： 说明：评定成绩分为优秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格五个等级，实评总分90100分记为优秀，8089分记为良好，7079分记为中等，6069分记为及格，60分以下记为不及格。三、湖南科技学院本科毕业论文（设计）答辩记录表论文题目Self-esteem And Struggle Appreciating the Tragic Hero Ahab in Moby-Dick作者姓名张建国所属系、专业、年级外国语言文学系 英语专业 2003年级指导教师姓名、职称潘利锋教授答 辩 会 纪 要时间2007年5月20日地点第二教学楼202答辩小组成员姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）潘利锋教授盘群讲师彭长江教授陈碧园讲师胡伶俐讲师答辩中提出的主要问题及回答的简要情况记录：会议主持人：记 录 人：年 月 日答辩小组意见评语：评定等级： 负责人（签名）： 年 月 日系学位委员会意见评语：论文（设计）最终评定等级：负责人（签名）： 系部（公章） 年月 日校学位委员会意见评语：评定等级： 负责人（签名）： 年月 日Contents摘要.Abstract .1. Introduction .12. Melville and His Moby-Dick.52.1Brief Introduction of the Author .52.2Main Content of Moby-Dick.63. The Personality of Ahab .83.1 A Lonely and Crazy HeroAhab .83.2A Brave and Resolute Hero Ahab .113.3 Regarding the Self-esteem as Life .144.The Performances of Struggle.174.1 The Performances of Struggle on Psychological Activity174.2 The Performances of Struggling with the Society. .195.The End of the Unsuccessful Hero.235.1 The Occupational Tragedy .235.2The Tragedy of Struggle with Fate.256. Conclusion29Notes.31Bibliography.32Acknowledgements摘要白鲸是19世纪美国著名浪漫主义作家麦尔维尔的代表作，它讲述了亚哈船长为追杀白鲸而导致船毁人亡的悲剧故事。在悲剧的背后，蕴含着主人公对自尊的捍卫与命运的抗争。在追捕白鲸的过程中，无论是警告还是预兆，亚哈都表现出毫不畏惧，这种对命运与神明的抗争在小说中淋漓尽致地表现出来。本文结合朱光潜的悲剧心理学，从主人公的性格、自尊与抗争三方面论述了亚哈的英雄悲剧性。关键词：自尊, 抗争, 白鲸, 亚哈, 英雄悲剧性Abstract Moby-Dick (1851) was written in the19th century. It is the masterpiece of the well-known American romantic novelist Melville. The author narrates the tragic story of Captain Ahab who tries to kill Moby Dick by all kinds of means. This activity has caused the ship to be destroyed and humans perished. Through this novel, we can find that, on the one hand, the leading character Ahab defends his self-esteem and struggles with destiny on the other hand. In the course of pursuing Moby Dick, Ahab never retreats, no matter what sort of unlucky omens or warnings he meets. This kind of resistance to the destiny and the god is performed vividly in the novel. The article integrates Zhu Guangqians The Tragedy Psychology together to elaborate the Ahabs heroic tragedy in three aspects: the leading characters personalities, the self-esteem and the struggle. Key words: Self-esteem, struggle, Moby Dick, Ahab, heroic tragedy1IntroductionThe theme of tragedy is of vital significance in the world literature and has been vividly represented and frequently discussed in the development of the tragic literature.Regarding the tragic literature, we can trace back to Greek. We would find that the theme of tragedy is popular in any period, and Moby-Dick is a typical tragic novel among those literatures. Moby-Dick is the masterpiece of Melville, the well-known American romantic novelist in the 19th century. Moby-Dick was published in 1951.Because of the multiplicity of the themes and the complexity of the structure; it had received numerous critics severe judgments and censure when it came out. Athenaeum of London, ever stated that Moby-Dickbelonged to theBedlam literature of the worst school” 1 (p458)Henceforth no one has ever mentioned it and Moby-Dick is neglected in the literary arena. Not until the anniversary of Melvilles 100th birth, people began to value this book again. This time, it became the generally acknowledged masterpiece, and was praised as the symbol of the epoch. In 1917, Carl Van Doren declared in The Cambridge History of American Literature that Moby-Dick was “one of the greatest ocean legendary novels in the literature of the whole world”, which had been a great evaluation to the book. In Psychology and Literature, Carl G Jung believes that Moby-Dick is one of the greatest American novels. Obviously, we can know that the Moby-Dick has wined the high place in American literature.At present, many people have done some researches into Moby-Dick such as Huang Jings the tragic significance of the whale, Bai xi-hans on tragic essence of Moby-Dick, Cui Ling-yuns Moby-Dick: Lust and Revenge. But they mainly stay on the study of the symbolic significance and the tragic conduct with fewer analyses on Ahabs self-esteem and struggle to destiny. They give a negative attitude towards what Ahab has done. They have ignored that losing face leads to all of Ahabs crazy activities. In The Culture Interpretation of the Symbolic Significance in Moby-Dick Chen Qiuhong has mentioned that Ahab is a hero whose self-esteem cannot be conquered. Nevertheless, she did not make a further study on it. This paper is aimed to analyze and appreciate Ahabs belief to self-esteem and struggle through his personality, behavior description, language description, and psychological description. This article will base on two aspects of the leading character Ahab: one is that he defends the self-esteem and the other is that he struggles with fate. At the same time, I refer to Zhu Guangqians Tragedy Psychology to elaborate Ahabs heroic tragedy. In part one I give a brief introduction to the whole paper. In part two, I will give a brief introduction of the author and Moby-Dick. Therefore, readers will be able to understand the writer and his works easily.The part three is focused on analyzing the leading characters personality. It is the personality of the leading character that leads to the tragic end. Through Ahabs behaviors and words, it is clear that he struggles with destiny and defends his self- esteem at all time. This chapter wouldhelp the readers know about Ahab in a new way. At the same time, it helps to explain why Ahab becomes a crazy man.The part four would talk about the performances of struggle. It includes two aspects, namely, the performances of struggle on psychological activity and the performances of struggle with the society. From this chapter, we would know that Ahab is a real hero who is never willing to be controlled by the fate and bow to his enemy.The part five would discuss the result of the struggle. Every year, thousands of whale men are buried into the sea. This novel is also an example of the occupational tragedy. While facing the powerful enemy, Ahab never thinks of shrinking from it. At last, he is buried into the sea to which he has devoted all his life. In this way, Ahab finally releases himself. At the same time, it leads to another tragedy-the tragedy of struggling with fate.The part six would conclude the whole paper. Ahab is doomed to be a tragic figure. However, it is Ahab who dares to sacrifice himself, and dares to enterprise, that we are able to understand more about nature. From this thesis, we would know that Ahab is a greater man with a notable spirit. Meanwhile, he is also a tragic hero.2Melville and His Moby-DickHerman Melville is the well-known American romantic novelist in the 19th century. If we want to know about the tragic hero Ahab in Moby-Dick we have to refer to Melville whose life is full of tragedy. Thats why most of his works are filled with a strong tragic color. His life is unsuccessful, but he has left the great worksMoby-Dick to th