1、一. 情态动词can的用法can+动词原形,它不随主语的人称和数而变化。1. 含有can的肯定句:主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。2. 含有can的否定句:主语+cant+动词的原形+其他。3. 变一般疑问句时,把can提前:Can+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+can。否定回答:No,主语+cant. 4. 含有can的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他?I can speak English.I cant speak English.Can you speak English? What can you speak?二. what time和when引
2、导的特殊疑问句1. 询问钟点时用what time,询问日期、月份、年份时用when。2. Whats the time?=What time is it?现在几点了?3. 时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法。顺读法:“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。如:7: 05 seven five;8:16 eight sixteen逆读法:借助介词past或to表示,要先说分再说钟点。a. 当分钟不超过30分钟时(包括30分钟),即30,用to表示。其结构为:“所差分钟(即60所 过分钟数)+to+下一个整点”,to译成“差”,差几分钟到几点。如:4:38 twenty-two to fivec. 当分钟为30分钟用
3、half表示,当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。三. how引导的特殊疑问句1. how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式,其答语分三种情况:a. take a/an/the+交通工具(单数)b. by+交通工具(单数)c. on/in+限定词+交通工具-How do you go to school every day?-I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on the bus every day.2. how far 用来提问距离,多远,其答语分为两种
4、:(1)用长度单位表示:It is five kilometers.(2)用时间表示:Its twenty minuteswalk. 3. how long 用来提问时间,意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。-How long have you learnt English?-For 3 years.4. how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间, 用于将来时态, 常用“in+时间段”来回答。-How soon will you arrive in Beijing? -In 3 hours.四.祈使句祈使句一般表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。一般以动词原形开头,句末可以用感叹号或句号
5、。1. 肯定的祈使句:(1) 实义动词原形+其他 :Please look at that boy.(2) be动词原形+形容词+其他:Be quiet, please.2. 否定的祈使句:(1) Dont+实义动词+原形 Dont stand there.(2) Dont be+形容词+其他 Dont be so noisy. (4) No+n./V-ingNo photos. 不许照相。No talking. 不许谈话。五. 现在进行时现在进行时指当前时间正在发生的动作。常与now,at this moment,listen,look等词连用。谓语动词结构:be+动词ing形式They a
6、re having class.He is eating lunch.变为否定句直接在be动词之后加not,其他不变;变为一般疑问句直接把be动词提到句首,其他不变。They are having class.They are not having class. Are they having class?He is eating lunch. He is not eating lunch. Is he eating lunch?1. There be句型主要用以表达“某处有某人(某物),强调存在”其基本结构为“There be某物(某人)某地”,有时为了强调地点,也可把地点状语放在句首。Th
7、ere is a book on the desk.On the desk there is a book.2. have表示“某人拥有某人或某物,强调拥有和所属关系”。The man has two cars.3. There be句型中的就近原则,即be和距其最近的主语保持一致。There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.七. 选择疑问句选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或以上的情况,让对方选择是哪一种,两个选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句不用yes或no来回答,
8、直接在两个选择里选一个回答。-Is she tall or short? -She is tall.-Can you play the piano or play the guitar? -I can play the piano八 名词1. 名词单数变复数规则在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun)。不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用;可数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而复数即两个或两个
9、以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下:(1)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”bookbooks,penpens,carcars,mapmaps,cartooncartoons(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es”boxboxes,watchwatches(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”familyfamilies,comedycomedies(4)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加esknifeknives,wifewives,handkerchiefhandkerchieves(5) 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:childchildren,ma
10、nmen,footfeet,womanwomentoothteeth,sheepsheep,deerdeer2. 既是可数名词又是不可数名词的单词chicken当“鸡肉”讲时是不可数,当“小鸡”讲时可数;room当“空间”讲时不可数,当“房间”讲时可数;fish当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”讲时不可数,当“鱼的种类”讲时可数;hair泛指“毛发”时不可数,当“一根或几根毛发”讲时可数;sound意思是“一般性的声音”时,不可数,指“一次发出的声音”时可数;paper当“纸”讲时不可数,当“试卷”、“论文”、“证件”讲时可数;time当“时间”讲时不可数,当“时代、倍数、次数”讲时可数;exercise泛
11、指“锻炼”时不可数,当“练习、做操”讲时可数九. 一般过去时2. 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关)。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。He was here just now.他刚才还在这里。What did you do yesterday?你昨天做了什么事?一般过去时基本结构1. 肯定句形式:主语+动词过去式+其他 I was an English teacher one year ago.一年前我是一名英语老师。I bough
12、t a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。2. 否定句形式:was/were+not; 在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词I wasnt an English teacher one year ago.一年前我不是一名英语老师。I didnt buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。3. 一般疑问句:was/were提到句首;Did+主语+动词原形+其他?Were you an English teacher one year ago?一年前你是一名英语老师吗?Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What were you one year ago?一年前你是做什么的?