2021届高考英语二轮复习-专题8-真题分块练习—并列复合句与主从复合句专练.docx

2021届高考英语二轮复习 专题8 真题分块练习—并列复合句与主从复合句专练

2021届高考英语二轮复习 专题8 真题分块练习—并列复合句与主从复合句专练

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第八讲：真题分块练习——并列复合句与主从复合句
一、并列复合句
一、记牢并列词
1．表示并列、顺承或递进关系：and, not only ...but (also) ..., both ...and ...等。
There the air is clean and the mountains are green.
那里空气清新，千山一碧。
2．表示转折关系：but, yet, however等。
The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。
3．表示选择关系：or, either ...or ..., not ...but ...等。
Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。
4．表示因果关系：for, so, as, because, since等。
The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn.树叶在坠落，因为秋天已经到了。
5．表示条件或结果关系：and, or等。
You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.
你得让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。
6．表示对比关系：while等。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk.
我爱喝黑咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。
二、辨清易混点
1．并列句与定语从句
并列句由and, but等并列连词连接，句中已有连接词，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①They live in a small house, in front of ________ stands an orange tree.
②They live in a small house, and in front of ________ stands an orange tree.
分析：两句的区别是连词and，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词，表示物，故填which；句②and连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的a small house，故填it。
③The old man has three sons, none of ________ is a doctor.
④The old man has three sons, but none of ________ is a doctor.
分析：两句的区别是连词but，句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词，表示人，故填whom；句④but连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句的three sons，故填them。
2．并列句与状语从句
辨清并列句与状语从句：并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。
①______ you take the medicine, you will be all right.
②Take this medicine, ________ you will be all right.
分析：句①空格处引导条件状语从句表示“如果”，故填If；句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填and。
③________ money is necessary for a happy life, it can’t buy happiness.
④Money is necessary for a happy life, ________ it can’t buy happiness.
分析：句③空格所在句子是让步状语从句，故填Although/Though；句④空格前后是转折关系，故填but。
三、练通常考点
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)They kept their collection at home until it got too big __37__ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
解析：or　句意：他们把自己的收藏品保持在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些收藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or “或者”。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I work not because I have to, __67__ because I want to.
解析：but　句意：我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想要工作。此处为not ...but ...结构，表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.
解析：but→and　 句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.
解析：for→but/yet　根据语境，此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but/yet。
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
解析：but→and　句意：忽然一个足球正好落在我面前，差点打到我。根据句意可知，fell和hit两个动作之间为顺承关系，应把but改为and。
二、主从复合句之定语从句
一、记牢关系词
关系词
先行词
句法功能
who
指人
在从句中作主语、宾语
whom
指人
在从句中作宾语，常可省略
whose
指人或物
在从句中作定语
that
指人或物
在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略
which
指物或整个主句
在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略
as
指人或物或整个主句
在从句中作主语、宾语，有“正如……”之意
when
表示时间的名词
在从句中作时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
在从句中作地点状语
why
表示原因的名词
在从句中作原因状语

二、辨清易混点
1．that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况：
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时；
②引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)只用that不用which的情况：
①当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, few, little, much等不定代词时；
②当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the very, the only, any, the last等修饰时；
③先行词既有人又有物时。
2．which与as的区别

which
as
位置上
只能放在主句的后面
位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末
搭配上
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等
意思上
意为“这一点”
表示“正如……，正像……的那样”

三、练通常考点
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __63__ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
解析：where　设空处引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。先行词是spot, 指地点，故填where。
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist __61__ paintings were almost lifelike.
解析：whose　空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰paintings，故应用关系代词whose。
3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __39__ opened in 1759.
解析：which/that　空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
解析：what→which　分析句子结构可知，第二个分句是对第一个分句的补充说明，故可判断为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代的是前面整个句子，故用which。
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ短文改错)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
解析：what→that　句中含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __62__ she opened with her late husband Les.
解析：which　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作opened的宾语，先行词是the pet shop，指物，故填which。
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters __64__ had great experience with caring for these animals.
解析：who/that　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰先行词masters，指人，所以填who/that。
8．(2019·浙江6月高考)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth __58__ gives off light in the dark.
解析：that/which　分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，先行词为a piece of cloth，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。
9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
解析：where→when　先行词One afternoon表示时间，且在定语从句中作时间状语，所以关系词应用when。故将where改为when。
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
解析：which→where或which前面加in　本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是pond, 关系词在定语从句中作状语，故将which改为where或在其前加in。
三、主从复合句之名词性从句
一、记牢连接词
1．从属连词： that, whether, if等。其均不充当成分。that无意义；whether和if意为“是否”。
Mike’s parents made a special promise to Tom that surprised Tom.
迈克的父母对汤姆许下了一个特别的诺言，这使得汤姆很惊奇。
2．连接代词：what, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
What he said encouraged me greatly.
他说的话极大地鼓舞了我。
3．连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。在从句中作时间、地点、原因或方式状语。
When she will go to Shanghai hasn’t been decided.
她什么时候将去上海还没有决定。
二、辨清易混点
1．what与that
(1)that在名词性从句中无意义、不作成分；(除宾语从句外)不可以省略。
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
(2)what在名词性从句中有意义、作成分；不可以省略。
What was the most important to her, she told me, was her family.
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
2．whether与if
二者都可以引导名词性从句。但是在下面情况下，只能用whether。
(1)引导主语、表语、同位语从句时；(2)在介词后时；(3)与or not直接连用时；(4)与动词不定式连用时。
I am interested in whether he joined the army。
我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。
I do not know whether to go there.
我不知道是否要去那里。
3．what与which
引导名词性从句时，如果有明确的“范围”时，应该用which，而不用what。
What do you want to eat for lunch? 你中午想吃什么？
Which do you want to eat? The sandwich or the melon?
三明治和甜瓜，你想吃哪个？
4．“特殊疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋特殊疑问词”
no matter what/which/who不能引导名词性从句。
Whichever(≠No matter which) of you comes first will receive a prize.
你们中最先来的将会获奖。
三、练通常考点
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on __57__ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
解析：what　分析句子结构可知， __57__ could be hunted or gathered from the wild作depend on 的宾语，且从句中又缺少主语。因此填连接代词what。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence __61__ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
解析：that　主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，同位语从句中意思完整且不缺少句子成分，故填that。
3．(2019·北京高考)What students do at college seems to matter much more than __8__ they go.
解析：where　此处表示“学生们在大学里做的似乎要比去哪里上大学更重要”，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
四、主从复合句之状语从句
一、记牢连接词
1．表示时间的连接词：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, as soon as, the moment, each time等。
When he opened the door, he saw a girl sitting at the desk reading.
当他打开门时，他看见一个女孩正在书桌前坐着看书。
2．表示地点的连接词：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等。
Wherever you work, you must always remember that you are serving the people.
不论你在哪里工作，你都必须记住，你是为人民服务的。
3．表示原因的连接词：because, as, since等。
As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home.
因为匆忙，他把他的提包丢在了家里。
4．表示结果的连接词：so, so that, so ...that, such ...that等。
He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.
他如此愤怒以至于一言不发地离开了房间。
5．表示条件的连接词：if, unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that, once等。
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
如果你不太累的话，我们出去走走吧。
6．表示目的的连接词：in order that, so that, in case, for fear (that)等。
We have learned the native language so that we can speak to the people there.
我们学会了地方话，以便能和当地人对话。
7．表示让步的连接词：although, though, while, as; even though, even if; whatever等。
Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
8．表示方式的连接词：as, as if, as though, just as等。
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看起来天气很快就会好起来。
9．表示比较的连接词：than; as ...as; (not) so ...as；the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...等。
She went to school earlier than Tom did.
她上学比汤姆早。
二、辨清易混点
1．when, while和 as
(1)while强调从句的动作发生期间，主句的动作发生。
(2)when 强调从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。
(3)as强调主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，可译作 “随着……” “一边……”等。
It was raining hard when/as we arrived.
我们到达时正下着大雨。(when/as不可换成while)
While/When you’re there, can you get me some stamps?
当你在那儿时，能给我带几张邮票吗？ (while/when不可换成as)
As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse.
随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。(as不可换成when/while)
2．so that和 in order that
(1)so that可以引导目的或结果状语从句。in order that仅可以引导目的状语从句。
(2) in order that从句可位于句首， 而so that从句不可以位于句首。
They may be able to help with childcare so that you can have a break.
他们可以帮忙照料孩子，这样你就可以歇一歇了。
3．so/such ...that ...引导从句时， so 后中心词为形容词或副词； such后中心词为名词。
This story is so interesting that I want to read it again.
这个故事如此有趣以至于我想再读一次。
4．当名词前有many, much, little, few等修饰词时，只能用so ...that ...结构。
There is so little food that we must go out and buy some.
食物如此少，我们必须出去买点。
三、练通常考点
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove.I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
解析：unless→until/till　此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用until/till引导时间状语从句，故将unless改为until/till。
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together every day.
解析：such→so 　根据句意可知，本句是主从复合句，后面的分句表示目的，是目的状语从句。so that可以引导结果或目的状语从句，而such that只能引导结果状语从句，不能用来引导目的状语从句， 故such改为so。
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining __61__ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
解析：so　此处是结果状语从句，空处修饰副词hard，应填so。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
解析：where→when　句意：父母在我还是个小孩子的时候教给我的游戏在我之后的生活里被证明非常有用。根据句意可知，此处应用when引导时间状语从句。故where改为when。
[即时强化落实]　
(2020·安庆高三期末检测改编)Lijiang Ancient Wall Painting is a special culture and art __1__ (absorb) the culture of other nationalities.These wall paintings __2__ (find) in tens of temples of minority villages in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province.Baisha Town, Yunnan, is the place __3__ the most people of Naxi nationality live in.The wall painting of the Big Baoji Palace in the town of Baisha is considered to be the center of the Lijiang Ancient Wall Painting __4__ it is well preserved.
There are the __5__ (language) of Han and Tibetan (藏语) on the walls of the palace.There is a large painting, __6__ (paint) with 118 statues.In the late Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, people found that each ancient wall painting melts many different kinds of figures from different nationalities.The painters are __7__ (most) from Naxi nationality.__8__， the making level cannot reach the former wall paintings.
The value of the Lijiang Ancient Wall Painting is from the artists of Han, Tibet, and Naxi nationalities, __9__ reflected the __10__ (society) life of Naxi nationality.Nowadays a lot of people from all over the world are attracted to the Lijiang Ancient Wall Painting every year.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丽江古代壁画的情况，它每年都吸引着来自世界各地游客。
1．absorbing　考查非谓语动词。absorb和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填absorbing。
2．are found　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。这里在叙述一般事实，且句子主语paintings是复数形式，和find之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are found。
3．which/that　考查定语从句。此处先行词为地点名词place，指物，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，所以用which或that引导。
4．and　考查连词。根据句子结构可知，空格前后两句是并列关系。故填and。
5．languages　考查名词复数。there be句型中谓语为are，所以用复数名词作主语。故填languages。
6．painted　考查非谓语动词。paint和它所修饰的词painting之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填painted。
7．mostly　考查副词。句意：画家大多来自纳西族。此处表示“主要地”，修饰后面的介词短语，所以用副词mostly。
8．However　考查连词。根据上文“这些画家多数来自纳西族。”再结合下文“制作水平无法达到以前的壁画水平”可知，上下句是转折关系，故填However。英语中表示转折关系且后面有“逗号”隔开的连词常用however，而but后面一般不加逗号。
9．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，空格处指代前面的整个句子，故填which。
10．social　考查形容词。此处life是名词，空处作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词。故填social。