初中英语语法精讲+精练-被动语态.docx

被动语态讲解
一、意义：表示主语是动作的承受者，一般可翻译为"……被……”。
二、结构
1. 一般现在时态的被动语态：
主语+ am/ is/ are done。
如：
1) Stamps are used by people for sending letters.  
邮票被人们用来邮寄信件。
2) Football is played all over the world.  
全世界都踢足球。
2.一般过去时态的被动语态：
主语+ was/ were done
如：
1) The Great Wall was built by Chinese people two thousand years ago.  
两千年前，长城被中国人民建造。
2) Thousands of trees on the mountain was planted by the Young Pioneers last year.  
去年山上上千棵树被少先队员种植。
3.一般将来时态的被动语态：
主语+ will be done
主语+ be going to be done
如：
1) He said another bridge will be built over the river next year.
 他说，明年这条河上将会建另一座桥。
2) About 500 cars will be produced
 in the factory next month.
 下个月大约500辆小汽车将在这个工厂被生产。
4.含情态动词的被动语态：
主语+情态动词+ be done
如：
1) The old men and the children must be taken good care of in our country.  
在我国，老人和孩子应该被好好保护。
2)Alice is ill. She must be sent to hospital at once. 
爱丽丝病了。她必须马上被送医院。
5.现在进行时态的被动语态：
主语+ be being done
如：
Look! A new library is being built in our school.   
 看！一个新的图书馆正在我们学校建起来。
6.现在完成时态的被动语态：
主语+ have/ has been done
如：
1) 20 percent of the animals have been killed by now.
到目前为止，百分之二十的动物被杀死。
2) The article has been turned into English.
这篇文章被翻译成了英语。
注意事项：
1.不用被动语态的词：
半系动词，happen, take place, sell+adv., come true等。如：
1) This kind of TV set sells well.
这种电视卖得好。
2)The story happened in Paris in the early twentieth century.  
这个故事发生在二十世纪早期的巴黎。
3)Great changes have taken place in our country these years.
这些年中国发生了巨大的变化。
4)The food smells terrible.
这些食物闻起来难闻。
2. 注意短语中的介词或副词不能丢掉。如：
1)The old should be taken good care of.
老人应该被好好照顾。 
2)All the lights had been turned off  before we left the classroom.
在我们离开教室之前，所有的灯都被熄灭了。
2. make sb./ sth. do, have sb./ sth. do, see sb. do, watch sb. do, hear sb. do等使役动词主动形式中没有to, 但是它们的被动形式要加to。如：
be made to do,
be seen to do,
be heard to do
He was seen to go into the building.  
他被看到进入那座大楼。
4. 一般一套题中选项中有被动语态的，先考虑用被动语态。
中考真题

1. （2022年北京市）On our farm, the tea leaves ________by hand when they are ready.
A. pick
B. picked
C. are picked
D. were picked
2. （2022年天津市）A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A. protect       B. is protected       C. are protected       D. protected
3.（2022年河北省）—Mmm…Delicious. What is it?
—It ________ zongzi, Tony. It’s a traditional food in China.
A. calls  B. is called       C. called       D. was called
4. （2022年海南省）Few students could understand the sentence until it ________ by Miss Chen.
A. explained 
B. was explained 
C. was explaining
5. （2022年重庆市A卷）His guitar ______as a gift for him last week.
A. buys                  B. is bought            C. bought            D. was bought
6．（2022年重庆市B卷）Last year, a new old people’s home ________ in our community.
A．builds B．built       C．is built       D．was built
7. （2022年江苏省扬州市）—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday.
—Yes, it ________ by our school green club to protect forests.
A. organizes
B. organized
C. was organized
D. will be organized
8．（2022年湖南省株洲市）Three Chinese astronauts （宇航员） ______  to China Space Station successfully on June 5，2022.
A．sent 
B．are sent 
C．were sent
9. （2022年江苏省无锡市）The chief engineer announced that they ________ a space lab on the space station around the end of 2022.
A. have built    
B. had built     
C. will build      
D. would build
10. （2022年江苏省无锡市）UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ________ in Europe in 1946 after World War II.
A. set up             
B. was set up           
C. took up             
D. was taken up
11. （2022年山东省济南市）The story of Xiaohui is so touching that it will never ________ by us.
A. is forgotten 
B. forget 
C. be forgotten 
D. forgot
12. （2022年山东省菏泽市）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world __________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A. is found  
B. has been found  
C. will be found  
D. could be found
13. （2022年湖北省十堰市）The Youth Sports Center on Zixiao Road ________ last year.
A. built 
B. was built 
C. has built 
D. was building
14. （2022年湖北省怀化市）Tea _______ by accident about 5000 years ago.
A. invented 
B. was invented 
C. is invented

答案
1-5 CCBBD  6-10 DCCBB  11-14 CDBB